Problem 1.

49 [Difficulty: 4]

Given: Dimensions of soda can: D = 66 mm, H = 110 mm

Find: Measurement precision needed to allow volume to be estimated with an

uncertainty of ± 0.5 percent or less. H
Solution: Use the methods of Appendix F:

Computing equations: D
πD H2
∀=
4
1

⎡⎛ H ∂∀ ⎞2 ⎛ D ∂∀ ⎞2 ⎤ 2
u ∀ = ± ⎢⎜ uH ⎟ + ⎜ uD ⎟ ⎥
⎣⎢⎝ ∀ ∂H ⎠ ⎝ ∀ ∂D ⎠ ⎥⎦

Since ∀ = π D2 H ∂∀
= π D4 and ∂∀
= π DH
2 . Letting u D = ± D and u H = ± H , and substituting,
δx δx
2

4 , then ∂H ∂D

1 1
⎡⎛ 4H π D 2 δ x ⎞2 ⎛ 4D π DH δ x ⎞ 2 ⎤ 2 ⎡⎛ δ x ⎞ 2 ⎛ 2δ x ⎞ 2 ⎤ 2
u ∀ = ± ⎢⎜ ⎟ +⎜ ⎟ ⎥ = ± ⎢⎜ ⎟ + ⎜ ⎟ ⎥
⎢⎣⎝ π D H 4 H ⎠ ⎝ π D H 2 D ⎠ ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣⎝ H ⎠ ⎝ D ⎠ ⎦⎥
2 2

⎛ δ x ⎞ ⎛ 2δ x ⎞
2 2
⎡⎛ 1 ⎞ 2 ⎛ 2 ⎞ 2 ⎤
=⎜ ⎟ +⎜ ⎟ = (δ x) ⎢⎜ ⎟ + ⎜ ⎟ ⎥
2 2
Solving, u∀
⎝H⎠ ⎝ D ⎠ ⎣⎢⎝ H ⎠ ⎝ D ⎠ ⎦⎥
u∀ 0.005
δx=± 1 =± 1 = ±0.158 mm
⎣⎡( H ) + ( D ) ⎦⎤
1 2 2 2 2 ⎡
( ) +( ) ⎤2
2 2
1 2
⎣⎢ 110 mm 66 mm
⎦⎥

Check:

δx 0.158 mm
uH = ± =± = ±1.44 × 10−3
H 110 mm
δx 0.158 mm
uD = ± =± = ±2.39 × 10−3
D 66 mm
u ∀ = ±[(u H ) 2 + (2u D ) 2 ] 2 = ±[(0.00144) 2 + (0.00478) 2 ] 2 = ±0.00499
1 1

If δx represents half the least count, a minimum resolution of about 2 δx ≈ 0.32 mm is needed.