ENGLISHREVIEWER CHARISSEPARCHAMENTO Literary Devices

• Imagery- is the use of words that evoke mental pictures that appeal to
our senses
• Simile- direct comparison with the use of “as” and “like”
• Metaphor- indirect comparison
• Personification- attribute of human quality to an object
• Hyperbole- exaggeration of words
• Repetition- is the use of word or phrase more than one in a passage
• Alliteration- is the repetition of initial consonant sound or letter
• Parallelism- is the use of similar structure of words or phrase
• Irony- using words that means the opposite
• Litotes- stating a two negative phrase or words to form a positive
meaning
Present-Unreal
• Use simple past tense in the if-clause
• Independent Clause (IC)
Independent Clause (IC)

• Independent Clause (IC)

Independent Clause (IC)
If-clause
If-clause

• If-clause
If-clause
Compound Complex
• Contains two or more independent clause and one dependent clause
• Dependent: Subordinator
• Independent: Coordinator FANBOY

Independent Clause (IC)

Independent Clause (IC)
• Ex: He came from a rich family, and
• Dependent Clause (DC)
Dependent Clause (DC)

• Independent Clause (IC)

Independent Clause (IC)
Dependent Clause (DC)
Dependent Clause (DC)
Adjectival Prepositional Phrases
• That begin with a preposition followed by a noun or a pronoun with its
modifiers and they function as adjectives

• Object it modifies
Object it modifies
Preposition
Preposition

Preposition
Preposition
Object it modifies
Object it modifies
• They cooked fish on their portable kerosene stove.

Point of View
 st
• 1 person point of view- the narrator is in the story. I, me, and we

• 3rd person point of view- the narrator is not in the story. he, she, and
they
rd
2 types of 3 person: -Witness / On-looker
-Omniscient: All knowing (thoughts, feelings, secrets)
Parenthetical Expression
• String of words or word which contain information not essential or not
that important to the sentence. (non-restrictive)). They’re set off by
commas

• Ex: The government, we learned, was building a big dam on the

Cagayan River

• Ex: It would mean in the end, we thought, of a very pleasant way of life.

Proverbs- Popular sayings of truth accepted number of people or group

Maxims- proverbs that express a general rule or conduct
Confucius
• Latin word for Chinese “Kung-Fu-Tze”
• Kung- Family name
• Fu- Given name
• Tze- word for master
Major Confucian Principle
• Li- rite, rules, ritual decorum
• Ren- Humanity
• Shu- Reciprocity (don’t do to others…)
• Yi- Righteousness
• Xiao- Respect for elders (Filial Piety)

5 Principle Relationship

• Ruler Society
• Father Son
• Husband Wife
• Older brother Younger brother
• Older friend Younger friend
The Analects
• Single most important Confucian work
• In Chinese means, “conversation”
Mencius
• Disciple of Confucius
• “People are actually good”
• “Punishment is not the answer”
Analects of Confucius
• “A plausible tongue and a fascinating expression are seldom
associated with true value”
• “Let loyalty and truth be paramount with you. If you have faults, shrink
 not to correct them”
• “Learning without thought is labor lost. Thought without learning is
intellectual death”
• “In mourning, it is better to be sincere than to be punctilious”
• “The faults of men are characteristics of themselves. By observing a
man’s faults you may infer what his true virtues are”
• “The commander-in-chief of an army can be carried captive, but the
convictions of even the meanest man cannot be taken from him”
• “A youth should be filial at home, respectful abroad. He should be
earnest and truthful. He should overflow in love to all but cultivate the
friendship of the good. Then, whatsoever of energy may be left to him,
he should devote to the improvement of his mind”

Master Lao
• Lao-Tze “Old Master
• The Tao Te Ching “Book of Tao”
• When he was 80 years, he became sad and disillusioned
Major Taoist Principles
• Tao- first cause of the universe, flow of life, nature
• Wu wei- Let nature do its job, Go with the flow, art of doing nothing

Yin Yang
Yin: Feminine, Passive, Darkness, Cold, Weak, Moon, Earth
Yang: Masculine, Active, Light, Warm, Strong, Sun, Heaven
Verses of the book of Tao
The universe is everlasting, The reason the universe is
everlasting Is that it does not live for
Self.
Therefor it can long endure. Therefore the sage puts himself
last, And finds himself in the foremost place; Regards his body as
accidental,
And his body is thereby preserved. Is not because it
does not life for self that his Self achieves perfection?