Step 1 - To make the course recognition

Individual work

Presented to:

OMAR LEONARDO LEYTON

Tutor

Student name: CARLOS ARTURO DIAZ CADENA

Group 203058_20

Identification number: 1.047.376.709

UNIVERSITY OPEN AND DISTANCIA UNAD

SCHOOL OF BASIC SCIENCES, TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING
ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY AND WAVES
2019 -09-05
 Introduction

Inside this document you will find the principle definitions of an electromagnetic wave
and its principle characteristics like permittivity and permeability.

Solution of the 5 questions

1. What is an electromagnetic wave?

Answer:

Electromagnetic waves are natural phenomena that have always been present in our
environment since the beginning of time. We can provide natural sources such as light
coming from the Sun or artificial sources such as signals emitted by TV antennas. These
waves spread rapidly through the air, but their power decreases as they move away
from the emitting source. In fact, at twice the distance, its power is reduced to a
quarter. The main characteristic of electromagnetic waves is frequency, which
differentiates some waves from others as shown by the electromagnetic spectrum.

2. What is electrical permittivity 𝜺 and magnetic permeability 𝝁 of a medium?

Answer:
magnetic permeability μ: In physics it is called magnetic permeability to the ability
of a substance or medium to attract and pass through it magnetic fields, which is given
by the relationship between the existing magnetic induction and the magnetic field
intensity that appears inside of said material.

The magnitude thus defined, the degree of magnetization (non-permanent

magnetization) of a material in response to a magnetic field, is called absolute
permeability and is usually represented by the symbol μ.
The vacuum permeability, also known as magnetic constant, is represented by the
symbol μ0 and in SI units it is defined as:

𝝁𝒐 = 𝟒𝝅 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟕 𝑵𝑨−𝟐

electrical permittivity 𝜺: The permittivity (also called dielectric constant) is a physical

constant that describes how an electric field affects and is affected by a medium. The
permittivity of the vacuum? 0 is 8.8541878176x10-12 C2 / Nm2.

The permittivity is determined by the tendency of a material to polarize before the

application of an electric field and thereby specifically annul the internal field of the
material. It is directly related to electrical susceptibility.

The electrical permissiveness - which appears in Coulomb's law - and the magnetic
constant of the vacuum are related by the formula:

𝟏
𝜺𝒐 𝝁𝒐 =
𝒄𝒐 𝟐

where 𝒄𝒐 represents the speed of propagation of electromagnetic waves in a vacuum,

at the speed of light in empty space.

3. In a vacuum, what is the value of the electric permittivity 𝜺𝒐 and the magnetic
permeability 𝝁𝒐 ?

Answer:

the magnetic permeability 𝝁𝒐 is 4𝜋 ∗ 10−7 𝑁𝐴−2

the electric permittivity 𝜺𝒐 is 8,8541878176𝑥10 − 12 𝐶2 / 𝑁𝑚2

4. If the relationship between relative and absolute electric permittivity in a medium
is 𝜺 = 𝜺𝒓 𝜺𝒐 , what is for the absolute magnetic permeability 𝝁 and the relative 𝝁𝒓 ?

Answer:
To compare the materials with each other, understand the absolute magnetic
permeability (µ) as the product between the relative magnetic permeability (µ𝑟 ) and
the magnetic vacuum permeability (µ0 ):
µ = 𝜇𝑟 µ0

Materials can be classified according to their relative magnetic permeability into:

• ferromagnetic, whose relative magnetic permeability value is much higher than 1.
• paramagnetic or non-magnetic, whose relative permeability is approximately 1
(they behave like a vacuum).
• diamagnetic, of relative magnetic permeability less than 1.

2𝜋
5. In the wave equation 𝐸(𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝐴 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑘𝑥 − 𝑤𝑡)𝑗̂ = 𝐴 𝑠𝑒𝑛 ( 𝜆 𝑥 − 2𝜋𝑓𝑡) 𝑗̂ identify the
following parameters and their unit:
- Amplitude: A [m]
1
- Frequency: [Hz]
𝑇
- Weather: °C [Celsius] | °F [Fahrenheit]
- Angular frequency: 𝜔 = 2𝜋𝑓 [𝐻𝑧]
- Wavelength: λ [lambda]
2𝜋
- Wave number: 𝑘 = 𝜆
- Polarization direction: 𝑍 [linear]
- Direction of displacement: 𝑆 [linear]
 Conclusions

Conclusion 1: Permittivity and permeability are two different measures used in

electromagnetism. Permittivity measures the ability of a material to store energy within
the material. Permeability, on the other hand, is a measure of the ability of a material
to support the formation of a magnetic field within the material. The permittivity of a
material is related to the polarization of the material whereas the permeability of a
material related to the magnetization of the material. This is the main difference
between permittivity and permeability. Permittivity and permeability have very different
and particular meanings in electromagnetism.

Conclusion 2: Electromagnetic waves are preset in our daily live and they are very
helpful, in the electromagnetic spectrum we have different type of waves (radio and
microwave, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet and X-ray/gamaray) each one with
different length of wave and different function.

Bibliography

• Quesada, M. y Maroto, J. (2014). Plano de ondas electromagnéticas . Ondas electromagnéticas en el

espacio libre. De las ecuaciones de Maxwell a las ondas electromagnéticas guiadas y gratuitas: una
introducción para estudiantes de primer año. Nueva York: Nova Science Publishers, Inc. (págs. 49-
60). Recuperado de
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=nlebk&AN=746851&lang=es&site=eds-live&scope=site&ebv=EB&ppid= pp_49

• Chen, W. (2005). El manual de ingeniería eléctrica. Boston: Academic Press. (págs.

513-519). Recuperado de
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direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=117152&lang=es&site=ehost-live&ebv=EB&ppid=pp_513

• Gutiérrez, W. (2017). Tangente de pérdida [Video]. Recuperado de

http://hdl.handle.net/10596/13139