G.R. No.
122749 | July 31,1996 Family Code – Arts, 50-51
Valdes v. RTC
I. Recit-ready Summary
Antonio Valdes and Consuelo Gomez were married on 1971 and had 5 children
together. In 1992, Valdes sought the declaration of nullity of the marriage in pursuant
to Art. 36 of the Family Code. RTC QC directed both Valdes and Gomez to start the
proceedings on the liquidation of their common properties as defined by Article 147
of the Family Code, and to comply with the provisions of Arts. 50-52 of the same code.
Valdes argued that Article 147 of the Family Code does not apply to cases where the
parties are psychological incapacitated and that Articles 50-52 in relation to Articles
102 and 129 of the Family Code govern the disposition of the family dwelling in cases
where a marriage is declared void ab initio, including a marriage declared void by
reason of the psychological incapacity of the spouses.
The issue here is whether or not Arts. 50 and 51 are the correct or applicable law
concerning the properties in the case at bar.
The court held that the property regime of petitioner and respondent shall be
governed by the rules on co-ownership, in pursuant to Art. 147, because in a void
marriage, regardless of the cause thereof, the property relations of the parties
during the period of cohabitation is governed by the provisions of Art. 147 and
that Arts. 50 and 51 do not apply to marriages declared void on grounds other
than that under Art. 40 (i.e., the declaration of nullity of a previous marriage for
purposes of remarriage). The marriage in this case was declared null and void
because of mutual psychological incapacity (Art. 36).
II. Facts of the Case
Antonio Valdes and Consuelo Gomez were married in 1971 and had 5 children
together. In 1992, Valdes sought the declaration of nullity of the marriage on the
ground of their mutual psychological incapacity, which the trial court granted. The
RTC rendered judgment as to which parent would have custody of their children and
also directed both Valdes and Gomez to start proceedings on the liquidation of their
common properties as defined by Article 147 of the Family Code, and to comply with
the provisions of Articles 50-52 of the same code.
When Gomez sought clarification concerning the common properties, the trial court
stated, “Considering that Article 147 of the Family Code explicitly provides that the
Persons I (2019)
DIGEST AUTHOR: Doms
Valdes v. RTC
property acquired by both parties during their union, in the absence of proof to the
contrary, are presumed to have been obtained through the joint efforts of the parties
and will be owned by them in equal shares, plaintiff and defendant will own their
‘family home’ and all their other properties for that matter in equal shares.
"In the liquidation and partition of the properties owned in common by the plaintiff
and defendant, the provisions on co-ownership found in the Civil Code shall apply.”
However, Valdes submits that Article 147 of the Family Code does not apply to cases
where the parties are psychological incapacitated and that Articles 50-52 in relation to
Articles 102 and 129 of the Family Code govern the disposition of the family dwelling
in cases where a marriage is declared void ab initio, including a marriage declared void
by reason of the psychological incapacity of the spouses.
The SC agrees with the trial court when it applied the correct law. In a void marriage,
regardless of the cause thereof, the property relations of the parties during the
period of cohabitation is governed by the provisions of Article 147 of the Family
Code.
This peculiar kind of co-ownership applies when a man and a woman, suffering no
legal impediment to marry each other, so exclusively live together as husband and wife
under a void marriage or without the benefit of marriage. The term "capacitated" in
the provision (in the first paragraph of the law) refers to the legal capacity of a party
to contract marriage (i.e., any “male or female of the age of 18 or upwards not under
any of the impediments”).
Under this property regime, property acquired by both spouses through their work and
industry shall be governed by the rules on equal co-ownership. Any property acquired
during the union is prima facie presumed to have been obtained through their joint
efforts. Unlike the conjugal partnership of gains, the fruits of the couple’s separate
property are not included in the co-ownership.
The trial court did not err when it ruled that petitioner and private respondent own the
"family home" and all their common property in equal shares, as well as in concluding
that, in the liquidation and partition of the property owned in common by them, the
provisions on co-ownership under the Civil Code, not Arts. 50-52, in relation to Arts.
102 and 129, of the Family Code, should aptly prevail.
1
PETITIONER/APPELLANT: Antonio A. S. Valdes
RESPONDENT: RTC QC
 G.R. No. 122749 | July 31,1996
Valdes v. RTC
The first paragraph of Art. 50 of the Family Code, applying paragraphs (2-5) of
Article 43, relates only, by its explicit terms, to voidable marriages and, exceptionally,
to void marriages under Art. 40 of the Code, i.e., the declaration of nullity of a
subsequent marriage contracted by a spouse of a prior void marriage before the
latter is judicially declared void. The latter is a special rule that somehow recognizes
the philosophy and an old doctrine that void marriages are inexistent from the very
beginning and no judicial decree is necessary to establish their nullity.
III. Issue/s
W/N Arts. 50 and 51 are the correct or applicable law concerning the properties
in the case at bar. (No).
IV. Holding/s
No, because for marriages declared void on grounds other than that under Art.
40 (i.e., the declaration of nullity of a previous marriage for purposes of
remarriage), Arts. 50 and 51 do not apply. In the case at bar, the marriage was
declared null and void in pursuant to Art. 36 (psychological incapacity). Further,
in a void marriage, regardless of the cause thereof, the property relations of the
parties during the period of cohabitation is governed by the provisions of Art.
147 of the Family Code, in relation to Arts. 102 and 129.
Further, considering that the Court has already declared the marriage between
petitioner and respondent as null and void ab initio, the property regime of petitioner
and respondent shall be governed by the rules on co-ownership, in pursuant to Art.
147.
V. Law or Doctrine Applied
Family Code – Arts. 147, 50, and 51
Art. 147. When a man and a woman who are capacitated to marry each other, live
exclusively with each other as husband and wife without the benefit of marriage or
under a void marriage, their wages and salaries shall be owned by them in equal shares
and the property acquired by both of them through their work or industry shall be
governed by the rules on co-ownership.
In the absence of proof to the contrary, properties acquired while they lived together
shall be presumed to have been obtained by their joint efforts, work or industry, and
Persons I (2019)
DIGEST AUTHOR: Doms
Family Code – Arts, 50-51
Valdes v. RTC
shall be owned by them in equal shares. For purposes of this Article, a party who did
not participate in the acquisition by the other party of any property shall be deemed to
have contributed jointly in the acquisition thereof if the former’s efforts consisted in
the care and maintenance of the family and of the household.
Neither party can encumber or dispose by acts inter vivos of his or her share in the
property acquired during cohabitation and owned in common, without the consent of
the other, until after the termination of their cohabitation.
When only one of the parties to a void marriage is in good faith, the share of the party
in bad faith in the co-ownership shall be forfeited in favor of their common children.
In case of default of or waiver by any or all of the common children or their
descendants, each vacant share shall belong to the respective surviving descendants.
In the absence of descendants, such share shall belong to the innocent party. In all
cases, the forfeiture shall take place upon termination of the cohabitation.
Art. 50. The effects provided for by paragraphs (2-5) of Art. 43 and by Article 44 shall
also apply in the proper cases to marriages which are declared ab initio or annulled by
final judgment under Arts. 40 and 45.
The final judgment in such cases shall provide for the liquidation, partition and
distribution of the properties of the spouses, the custody and support of the common
children, and the delivery of third presumptive legitimes, unless such matters had been
adjudicated in previous judicial proceedings.
All creditors of the spouses as well as of the absolute community or the conjugal
partnership shall be notified of the proceedings for liquidation.
In the partition, the conjugal dwelling and the lot on which it is situated, shall be
adjudicated in accordance with the provisions of Articles 102 and 129.
Art. 51. In said partition, the value of the presumptive legitimes of all common
children, computed as of the date of the final judgment of the trial court, shall be
delivered in cash, property or sound securities, unless the parties, by mutual agreement
judicially approved, had already provided for such matters.
The children or their guardian or the trustee of their property may ask for the
enforcement of the judgment.
2
PETITIONER/APPELLANT: Antonio A. S. Valdes
RESPONDENT: RTC QC
 G.R. No. 122749 | July 31,1996 Family Code – Arts, 50-51
Valdes v. RTC Valdes v. RTC

The delivery of the presumptive legitimes herein prescribed shall in no way prejudice
the ultimate successional rights of the children accruing upon the death of either of
both of the parents; but the value of the properties already received under the decree
of annulment or absolute nullity shall be considered as advances on their legitime.

VI. Disposition
WHEREFORE, the questioned orders, dated 05 May 1995 and 30 October 1995, of
the trial court are AFFIRMED. No costs.

SO ORDERED.

VII. Separate Opinions

VIII. Additional Notes
• Kat Gaw reviewer states that Arts. 50-52 in relation to Arts. 102/129 will not
apply in the liquidation and partition.
Arts. 50-52 – liquidation rules for JDNOM marriages (not sure what JDNOM
means! L)
• Arts. 50-51 only apply to void marriages under Art. 40 and to voidable
marriages under Art. 45.
• I found this statement online from another case:
Article 50 of the Family Code does not apply to marriages which are
declared void ab initio under Article 36 of the Family Code, which should
be declared void without waiting for the liquidation of the properties of
the parties.

VII. Random Facts

● Ponente: Vitug, J.

Persons I (2019) PETITIONER/APPELLANT: Antonio A. S. Valdes

DIGEST AUTHOR: Doms RESPONDENT: RTC QC