.

J Exercise 1. Let's talk: interviews and introductions.

Interview a classmate, and then introduce this person to the rest of the class or to a small
group of classmates. Use the given topics or topics of your own choosing.

l. name 6. reason for coming here

2. spelling of name 7 . length of time, both past and future, in this city/country
3. country of origin 8. field of study or work
4. birthplace 9. activities in free time
5. current residence 10. comments on living here

:J Exercise 2. Let's talk: preview of verb tenses. (Chapters 1 • 5)

Work with a partner. Take turns asking questions with what + a form of do. Help each other
decide which verb tense should be used. When you finish asking and answering the questions,
discuss your use of verb forms with the rest of the class.

Example: every morning

PARTNER A: What do you do every morning?

PARTNER B: I (go to classes / eat breakfast / etc. ) every morning. What do you do every morning?

PARTNER A: I (eat breakfast / do my homework / etc.).

Partner A Partner B
l. every day before you leave home l. last night
2. since you got up this morning 2. tomorrow
3. right now 3. for the past five minutes
4. at (this exact time) yesterday 4. at (this exact time) tomorrow
5. by the time you got here today 5. by the time you go to bed tonight

.J Exercise 3. Warm-up. (Chmt 1 1)

Do you agree or disagree with each sentence? Circle yes or no. Discuss the verbs in blue .
What information do the verb tenses provide?

l. Warm air n~(!s . yes no

2. I talk on the phone a lot. yes no
3. I Sl:l1 l an email today. yes no
4. I'm gomg to mdkt' a phone call today. yes no

1
 This basic diagram will be used in all tense descriptions.
now
past - - - --t-- - - future

Tense Examples Meaning

Simple Present (a) It snows in Alaska. In general, the simple present expresses
(b) Tom watches TV every day. events or situations that exist always,
usually, habitually; they exist now, have
XXXXXf XXXXX uF,L existed in the past, and probably will exist
in the future.
_ Ufl (:'/ III /
m i'~~1
Simple Past (e) It snowed yesterday. At one particular time in the past, this
(d) Tom watched TV last night. happened. It began and ended in the past.

* I
Simple Future (e) It will snow tomorrow. At one particular time in the future, this will
It Is going to snow tomorrow. happen .
(f) Tom will watch TV tonight.

I * Tom is going to watch TV tonight.

u Exercise 4. Let's listen and talk. (Char! 1-1)

() Listen to the sentences and write the words you hear. Are the sentences true for you? Choose
y es or no. Share your answers with the class, adding information if you like.
CD 1
T rack 2
Example: You will hear: I wore jeans to class yesterday.

You will write : I wore jeans to class yesterday. yes

You might say: I didn't wear jeans to class yesterday.

I wore a skirt.
l. I _________ my own dinner last night. yes no

2. _________ a textbook yesterday. yes no

3. I _______ on the internet every day. yes no

4. I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ home tonight. yes no

5. I _ _ _________ _ ____ a movie this weekend. yes no

2 CHAPTER 1
.J Exercise s. Warm-up. (Chart 1-2)
Answer the questions.
1. What are you doing right now? Look around the room. What are your classmates doing
right now? What is happening outside the classroom right now?
2. Where were you at two o'clock this morning? What were you doing?
3. Where will you be at two o'clock tomorrow? What will you be doing?

Form : be + -ing (present participle)

Meaning: The progressive tenses* give the idea that an action is in progress during a particular time. The tenses say
that an action begins before, is in progress during, and continues after another time or action.

Present Progressive (a) Tom is sleeping right now. It is now 11 :00. Tom went to sleep at
10:00 tonight , and he is stili asleep. His

~;\~
0 0
sleep began in the past, is in progress at

- --
0 0
0 the present time, and probably will

\1) -'
/"/ ;)2'
' \' .

fi£';F/ '7/"
~
/P;
continue .

Past Progressive (b) Tom was sleeping when I arrived . Tom went to sleep at 10:00 last night. I
0 0 arrived at 11 :00 . He was stili asleep. His
0 0
sleep began before and was in progress

~)I
at a particular time in the past. It
continued after I arrived .

Future Progressive (c) Tom will be sleeping when we Tom will go to sleep at 10:00 tomorrow
0 0 arrive. night. We will arrive at 11 :00. The action
o 0
of sleeping will begin before we arrive, and

I~)
it will be in progress at a particular time in
the future . Probably his sleep will
continue.

*The progress ive tenses are als o call ed the "continuous" tenses: present continu ou s, pas t continuous, and future continuous.

J Exercise 6. Let's listen and talk. (Chart 1-2)

Listen to the sentences and write the words you hear. Are the sentences true for you? Choose
(J y es or no. Share your answers with the class, adding information if you like.
CO l
Trllck J
1. At midnight last night, I yes no

2. Right now I about grammar. yes no

3 . Tomorrow I in class at this time. yes no

4. Tonight at 9 :00, I TV. yes no

5. Last night at 9:00, I TV. yes no

Overview of Verb Tenses 3

..J Exercise 7. Warm-up. (Chart 1-3)
Answer the questions.
1. Have you eaten today? When did you eat?
2 . Had you eaten before you went to bed last night?
3. Will you have eaten by the time you go to bed tonight?

Form: have + past participle

Meaning: The periect tenses all give the idea that one thing happens before another time or event.

Present Perfect (a) Tom has already eaten. Tom finished eating sometime before now.
The exact time is not important.

(time n

Past Perfect (b) Tom had already eaten when his First Tom finished eating. Later his friend
'" friend arrived . arrived. Tom's eating was completely
'" 'S')("
finished before another time in the past.
v
)(

Future Perfect (c) Tom will already have eaten when First Tom will finish eating. Later his friend
his friend arrives. will arrive . Tom's eating will be completely
finished before another time in the future.

Exercise 8. Let's listen and talk. (Chart 1-3)

Listen to the sentences and write the words you hear. Are the sentences true for you? Choose
yes or no. Share your answers with the class, adding information if you like.
CD I
Track 4
1. I my homework already. yes no

2. Before I went to bed last night, I all

my homework. yes no

3. By the time I finish this chapter, I

several verb exercises. yes no

4. I all the English verb tenses . yes no

5. Before I began this class, I

all the English verb tenses. yes no

4 CHAPTER 1
..J Exercise 9. Warm-up. (Cha rt 1-4)
Answer the questions.
1. What are you doing right now? How long have you been (doing it)?
2. What were you doing last night at nine o'clock? What time did you stop (doing it)? Why
did you stop (doing it)? How long had you been (doing it) before you stopped?
3. What are you going to be doing at nine o'clock tomorrow night? What time are you going
to stop (doing it)? Why? How long will you have been (doing it) before you stop?

Form: have + been + -ing (present participle)

Meaning: The perfect progressive tenses give the idea that one event is in progress immediately before, up to, until
another time or event. The tenses are used to express the duration of the first event.

Present Perfect (a) Tom has been studying for two Event in progress: studying.
Progressive hours. When? Before now, up to now.
How long? For two hours.
~-.

Lj
2 h1's.
~0
,~;~~
V:Jc::;4/. J§
(/.~1Jf ­
~ -::;;::.~- ~

Past Perfect (b) Tom had been studying for two Event in progress : studying.
Progressive hours before his friend came. When? Before another event in the past.
How long? For two hours.

L¥
2 hrs. I
I
Future Perfect (c) Tom will have been studying for two Event in progress: studying.
Progressive hours by the time his friend arrives. When? Before another event in the future.
How long? For two hours.

I L:f
2 hrs .

..J Exercise 10. Looking at grammar. (Chart 1-4)

Complete the sentences with your own words.
1. I'm in class right now. I arrived in class today and sat down at _ _ _ _ _ _ __
(time). Right now the time is . That means that I have been sitting
in this seat for minutes.

2. I had been sitting here for minutes before class started.

3. By the time class finishes at , I will have been sitting here for
__________ minutes.

Overview of Verb Tenses 5

 I

Simple Present Present Progressive

x XXXX t XXXXX
Tom studies every day. Tom is studying right now.

Simple Past Past Progressive

Tom studied last night. Tom was studying when they came.

Simple Future Future Progressive

Tom will study tomorrow. Tom will be studying when they come.
Tom is going to study tomorrow. Tom is going to be studying when they come.

':J Exercise 11. Looking at grammar. (Charts 1-1 > 1-5)

Complete the sentences with a form of study and any words in parentheses . Then compare
your completions with the sentences in Chart 1-5.
1. Tom is a student. He _ _ -"s,-"t""u",d~;e,-,=s,--- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ every day.

2. Tom is at his desk. He _ _ _ _ _ __ ______ right now.

3. Tom had some homework to do, so he _ ____________ last night.

4. Tom began studying at 7:00 last night. His friends came over around 7:30. Tom was still
at his desk when they arrived. In other words, Tom _ _ _ __ __ __ _ _ _ _ __
last night when his friends came over.

5. Tom _______________ tomorrow.

6. Tom is going to begin studying at 7:00 tomorrow. His friends are going to come over at
7 :30. Tom _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ when they arrive.

6 CHAPTER 1
Present Perfect Present Perfect Progressive

* t
f j

Tom has already studied Chapter 1. Tom has been studying for two hours.

Past Perfect Past Perfect Progressive

* *
t=r

Tom had already studied Chapter 1 before he Tom had been studying for two hours before his
began studying Chapter 2. friends came .

Future Perfect Future Perfect Progressive

* *
t=r

Tom will already have studied Chapter 4 before Tom will have been studying for two hours by the
he studies Chapter 5. time his roommate gets home.

7. Tom is studying Chapter 2. He (already) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

Chapter 1.

8. Last week Tom finished studying Chapter 1. This week he's studying Chapter 2. He
(already) _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Chapter 1 when he started Chapter 2.

9. Next week Tom will finish Chapters 4 and 5. Before Tom studies Chapter 5, he (already)

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Chapter4.

10. Today Tom began studying at 8:00. Now it is 10:00. Tom _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for two hours.

11. Yesterday Tom began studying at 8:00 . Tom's friends came over at 10:00. Before his
friends came, Tom for two hours.

12. It's 8:00. Tom's roommate gets home at 10:00 . By the time Tom's roommate gets home,
Tom for two hours.

Overview of Verb Tenses 7

U Exercise 12. Let's talk. (Charts 1-1 ~ 1-5)
In the following dialogues, many of the verbs are in italics. * In pairs, in small groups, or as a
class, discuss the meanings of the italicized verbs. What information do the verb tenses
provide?

1. A: What do you do in the evening?

B: I do my homework and watch a little TV

> The speakers are talking about daily habits.

2. A: What did you do last night?

B: I watched a movie on television.
3. A: What are you doing?
B: I am working on English grammar.
4. A: I called you last night around 9:00, but no one answered. Where were you?
B: I was home, but I was studying. I always turn my phone off when I want to study.
5. A: Have you ever seen a comet?
B: I 've seen shooting stars, but I "ve never seen a comet.
6. A: Have you talked to Mrs. Chang yet?
B: I will talk to her after lunch .
7. A: Let's meet at the park after work today.
B: Okay. I will be sitting on a bench near the Forest

Avenue entrance. Look for me there.

8. A: How long have you been working on this grammar exercise?

B: About ten minutes.
9 . A: Did you like the food at Paul's Cafe?
B: Yes. I had never eaten there before. Thanks for the recommendation.

...J Exercise 13. Let's talk. (Charts 1-1 > 1-5)

Answer the questions in complete sentences. If you work in pairs, alternate asking and
answering the sets of questions. You may want to take notes and later share a few of the
answers with the rest of the class.
If you work in small groups, select a leader who will ask the questions and elicit two or three
responses to each. You may wish to rotate the role of leader.
If you work as a class, close your book and answer the teacher's questions.
l. a. What do you do every day?
b. What are you doing now?

2. a. What did you do last week?

b. What had you done before that?

3. a. What will you do next week?

b. What will you be doing at this time next week?
c. What will you have done by this time next year?

*Words rhar are " italicized " or "in iralics" have slanted print. Regular print looks like rhis . Italic print looks like lhis.

8 CHAPTER 1
 4. a. What were you doing at this time yesterday?
b. What will you be doing at this time tomorrow?

5. a. What have you done since you got up this morning?

b. What are you doing right now? How long have you been doing that?
6. a. What were you doing before you walked into the classroom today?

How long had you been doing that?

b. What will you be doing before our teacher walks into the classroom tomorrow? How
long will you have been doing that?

..J Exercise 14. What do I already know? (Appendix Charts 8-1 , B-2, and D-1)
This exercise covers question and negative verb forms you will use in the following chapters.
Check your understanding of these forms by correcting the errors in these sentences, *

1. Does Pedro walks to work every morning?

2. What you are talking about?

3, Did you finished your work?

4. My friend doesn't liking her apartment.

5. Do you are working for this company?

6 , What time your plane did it arrive?

7. How long have you are living in this city?

8. Ali won 't to be in class tomorrow.

.J Exercise 15. Warm-up: listening. (Chart 1-6)

You will be using many verbs in their -ing and -ed forms in the following chapters. Use this
&I
CD I
pretest to check your spelling.
Track 5
Example: You will hear: Listened, We listened to music. Listened.

You will write: _ _.l!.li""s"",te~n.!.-'e"",d,--- _ _ _ _ __

1. 6.

2. 7.

3. 8.

4. 9,

5. 10.

*For informari on abour forming quesri ons and negarives, see these self-srudy charts in rhe Append ix: B-J (Forms of YeslNo
and Informari on Quesrions), B-2 (Q ues tion Words) , and D-J (Using NO! and Other Negarive Words).

Overview of Verb Tenses 9

I~ ~.t1"i'lR~:lmmll!f#lW i n '.. U l,."t I
(1) VERBS THAT END (a) ho pe hoping hoped -ING FORM: If the word ends in -e, drop the
IN A CONSONANT date dating dated -e and add -ing. *
AND -e injure inju ring inju red -ED FORM: If the word ends in a consonant
and -e, just add -d.

ONE-SYLLABLE VERBS
(2) VERBS THAT END
IN A VOWEL AND
(b) stop stopping stopped 1 vowel - . 2 consonants**
A CONSONAl'IT
rob ro bbing robbed
(c) rai n raining rai ned 2 vowels - . 1 consonant
fool foo ling foo led

TWO-SYLLABLE VERBS

(d) listen listening listened 1st syilable stressed -> 1 consonant

offer offe ring offered
(e) begin beginning (began) 2nd syilable stressed --. 2 consonants
prefer preferring preferred

(3) VERBS THAT END (I) start starting started If the word ends in two consonants, just add
IN T\'(IO fold folding folded the ending.
CONSONANTS demand demanding demanded

(4 ) VERBS THAT END (g) enjoy enjoying enjoyed If -y is preceded by a vowel, keep
IN -y pray pra ying prayed the -yo
(h) study stud ying stud:ed If -y is preceded by a consonant:
try trying tri,ed -ING FORM : keep the -y; add -ing.
reply replying replied -ED FORM: change - y to -i; add -ed.

(5 ) VERBS THAT END (i) die dying died -ING FORM: Change -ie to -y; add -ing.
IN -ie lie lying lied -ED FORM: Add -d.

*Exception: If a verb ends in -ee, the final -e is not dropped: seeing, agreeing,Jreeing.
**Exception: -wand -x are not doubled: plow - , plowed;fix -, fixed .

.J Exercise 16. Looking at spelling. (Chart '-6)

Write the correct forms of the given verbs.
Part I. Write the -ing form of these verbs in the correct columns.

.ldate grade stay

dine happen stop

enjoy put win

-
Drop the -e. Double the consonant. Just add -ing.

datillC1

10 CHAPTER 1
 Part II. Write the -ed form of these verbs in the correct columns.

.Ianswer listen open plan

control offer permit prefer

Do not double the consonant. Double the consonant.

a ns wered

f..J Exercise 17. Looking at spelling- (Chari 1-6)

Practice spelling verb forms.

Part I. Write the correct -ing form of the given verbs.

1. hold holdin@ 7. eat

2. hide 8. pat

3. run 9. lie

4. rum 10. begin

5. come 11. earn

6 . write 12. fly

Part II. Write the correct -ing and -ed forms of the given verbs.

1. boil boilin@. boiled

2. plan

3. ram

4. tape

5. tap

6. enter

7. prefer

8 . translate

9. die

10. employ

Overview of Verb Tenses 11

 11. bury

12. admit

13. visit

14. wait

Exercise 18. Listening. (Chart 1-6)

Listen to the sentences and write the words you hear.

CD I
Track 6
Example: You will hear: We are visiting family this weekend.

You will write: We are visitin@ family this weekend.

l. We an apartment in the city.

2. We to rent and see how we liked city life.

3. The earthquake the town .

4. Our children their grandparents.

5. We a little weight on our vacation.

6. I a short trip this summer.

7. I a few weeks off from work.

s. Right now I to several emails.

9. I'm done . I to all of them.

.J Exercise 19. Let's talk and write. (Chapter 1)

Do one or more of these activities.

Activities:
1. Interview a classmate outside of class and write a story of his/her life.

2. Interview a native speaker of English and write a story of his/her life.

3. With a classmate, take a trip to a particular place, such as a museum, a park, or a

restaurant. Write a report of your trip, or give an oral report to your classmates.

4 . Write a brief paragraph about yourself, telling who you are, what you have done in the
past two years, and what your plans are for the next two years. Then exchange papers
with a classmate . Read your classmate's paragraph and ask questions if you need more
information or clarification. Next, join two other students to form a group of four. Tell
the others in the group about your classmate. Use the information from the paragraph
he/she wrote .

12 CHAPTER 1