NMB24303

Solid Mechanics 1

02 STRAIN

Dr. Muhammad Nur Farhan Saniman

Room: B102
Mechanical Engineering Section
UniKL MFI
mnfarhan@unikl.edu.my

July 2019
1
 STRAIN
• DEFORMATION
• STRAIN
Deformation
• When a force is applied to a body, it will change the
body's shape and size.
• These changes are deformation.

Note the before and after positions of 3 line

segments where the material is subjected
I
I -
to tension.
I
I
Strain
Normal Strain
• The elongation or contraction of a line segment per
unit of length is referred to as normal strain.
• Average normal strain is defined as

• If the normal strain is known,

then the approximately final length is

Δ𝑠′ − Δ𝑠
𝜀 = lim
Δ𝑠→0 Δ𝑠
 Strain
Shear Strain
• Change in angle between 2 line segments that were
perpendicular to one another refers to shear strain.

Units
• Normal strain: dimensionless quantity since it is a ratio of
two lengths. Commonly: μm/m (dimensionless)
• Shear: radian (dimensionless)
 Example
Due to temperature increase, the slender rod creates a normal strain in the rod of
εz= 40 x 10-3 z0.5 where z is in meters. Determine (a) displacement of end B due to
the temperature increase and (b) the average normal strain in the rod.

Solution
Part (a)
Since the normal strain is reported at each point along the rod, it has
a deformed length of  1

−3
(
dz ' = 1 + 40 10 z 2  dz )
 
The sum along the axis vields the deformed length of the rod is
0.2
 1

z' =  1 + (
40 10 −3
)
z 2
dz = 0.20239 m
0  
The displacement of the end of the rod is therefore

B = 0.20239 − 0.2 = 0.00239m = 2.39mm  (Ans)

 Solution
Part (b)
Assumes the rod has an original length of 200 mm and a change in length of
2.39 mm. Hence,
Example
Due to a loading, the plate is deformed into the dashed shape shown in
Figure 2–6a. Determine (a) the average normal strain along the side AB,
and (b) the average shear strain in the plate at A relative to the x and y
axes.

Figure 2-6
Solution
Part (a)
• Line AB, coincident with the y axis, becomes line after deformation,
thus the length of this line is

𝐴𝐵′ = (250 − 2)2 + 32 = 248.018mm

• The average normal strain for AB is therefore

𝐴𝐵′ − 𝐴𝐵 248.018 − 250 mm

𝜀𝐴𝐵 𝑎𝑣𝑔 = = = −7.93(10−3 ) (Ans)
𝐴𝐵 250 mm

• The negative sign indicates the strain causes a

contraction of AB.
 Solution
Part (b)
• As noted, the once 90o angle BAC between the sides of the plate,
referenced from the x, y axes, changes to  ' due to the displacement
of B to B’.
• Since  =  −  ' then  is the angle shown in the figure.
xy
xy 2

• Thus,

3
𝛾𝑥𝑦 = tan−1 = 0.0121 rad (Ans)
250 − 2
 STRAIN
• DEFORMATION
• STRAIN