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RESEARCH BY FAMOUS AUTHORS

There are various definitions of research presented by various scholars and


authors. In general, research is a way of thinking and finding answers to
the questions that come into your mind. In our day-to-day life, we formulate
several question in our mind. We want to get answers for these questions.
Some of these questions can be answered easily without any need of
scientific scrutiny. While there are also some questions that need to be
answered in a logical manner. The process that needs to be followed in
finding answers to such question should have to be empirical and
subjective. The techniques and procedures that need to be used should
also be valid and logical. In this way, we are able to get answers that are
authentic and verifiable. The research process also requires scientific
scrutiny and the procedures involved in this scrutiny should have to be valid
and reliable.

From the above passage, we can conclude that the process that is called
research should have the following features:

1. it should be undertaken in a scientific manner, biases and subjectivity


should be avoided;
2. the process should follow valid and verifiable tools, techniques and
procedures;
1. the process follows the logical and sequential procedures that are
established by the academic discipline in which you are conducting
research.
The process to be followed in the conduction of the research might be
different from one discipline to other. The amount of rigor and control that
needs to be applied also varies. In physical and natural sciences the
researcher has to apply as much control as possible in conducting the
research. In social sciences, the researcher cannot have similar control in
the research process. In social sciences the researcher observes behavior,
subjectivity cannot be controlled completely. The subjectivity should not be
confused with bias, there is no place for bias in the research process.
Definitions of research:
There are several definitions of research, proposed by famous authors and
scholars of their time. You will find out that the basic meaning and the
context of these definitions are same. The difference between these
definitions lies only in the way the author has undertaken research in his
discipline.
1. Research comprises “creative work undertaken on a systematic basis
in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of
man, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to
devise new applications.”[1]
2. Scientific research is a systematic way of gathering data, a
harnessing of curiosity. This research provides scientific information
and theories for the explanation of the nature and the properties of
the world. It makes practical applications possible. Scientific research
is funded by public authorities, by charitable organizations and by
private groups, including many companies. Scientific research can be
subdivided into different classifications according to their academic
and application disciplines. Scientific research is a widely used
criterion for judging the standing of an academic institution, such as
business schools, but some argue that such is an inaccurate
assessment of the institution, because the quality of research does
not tell about the quality of teaching (these do not necessarily
correlate totally).[2]
3. A broad definition of research is given by Martyn Shuttleworth – “In
the broadest sense of the word, the definition of research includes
any gathering of data, information and facts for the advancement of
knowledge.”[3]
4. Another definition of research is given by Creswell who states that –
“Research is a process of steps used to collect and analyze
information to increase our understanding of a topic or issue”. It
consists of three steps: Pose a question, collect data to answer the
question, and present an answer to the question.[4]

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