Physics Derived Quantity

• Defined as the science of matter and energy. • Combination of two or more fundamental
quantity to understand measurement.
• Essential to everyone since it explains the
different things that we experienced or do Uncertainties and Deviations in Measurement
everyday.
• Uncertainty can also mean the absolute error.
Measurement
• Error does not mean the measurement made is
• To understand measurement, there must be a incorrect but how precise or accurate we are
number to quantify measurement and a unit performing the measurement.
which serves as reference of the measurement.
• Vernier caliper +- 0.01 mm tolerance witihin on
• In doing measurement, the foremost objective the instrument.
is to measure accurately. But uncertainty in
Types of Error
measurement is always there.
• Personal Error
Scientific Notation
• Systematic Error
 It is used in very large or small measurement in
physics. • Random Error
Significant figures Accuracy – nearness or exactness of the actual
measurement done.
• Is one way to write or show the precise
measurement. Precision – closeness of agreement among the different
measurement result when measuring the same
• These are numbers that can be exact or good
quantity.
estimate in measurement
Scalar Quantity
Physical Quantities
• Are quantities that are described by their
• Is measurable property of an object like its
magnitude.
length, mass, and time.
• Ex: distance, area, speed, mass, volume, density
Seven Fundamental Quantity in Measurement
Vector Quantity
Measured Quantity Fundamental Units Abbreviation of unit
• Are quantities that are described by their
1. Length Meters m Magnitude and direction.

• Ex: force downward, velocity of a car moving

2. Mass Kilograms kg
east, displacement of a pencil thrown upward,
acceleration towards the west.
3. Time Seconds s
Vector Addition
4. Electric current Amperes A • Resultant is the vector sum of more than one
vector.
5. Temperature Kelvin K
Rules in Vector Addition
6. Amount of matter mole M 1. When two given vectors are acting on the same
direction.
7. Luminous intensity Candela cd
 Add the magnitude of the two vectors to get
the resultant.
  For the direction, use same direction of the
given vectors.
2. When two vector are acting in the
opposite direction.
• Subtract the magnitude of the two vectors to
get the resultant.
• For the direction, follow the direction of the
larger magnitude.
3. When two vectors forming a 90* angle
 The diagonal form by two vectors is the
resultant.
 Pythagorean Theorem.
4. When two vectors form an oblique triangle
 The diagonal form by the two vectors is the
resultant.
 Use cosine and sine law to find the magnitude
and direction of the result.
Kinematics
• Deals with the study of the description of
motion
• Ex: vehicles on the road, object dropped from a
height, student walking, LRT train.
Motion
• A continuous change of position with regards to
known point of reference.
Position
• is to represent the object in motion to some
point of reference or starting point.
• Usually the origin of x-axis as the reference
point for motion on a straight line.
Object
• The word object in the discussion is referred to
as the particle in motion that is being studied or
analyzed.
Distance
• Is the total length covered for a certain motion
on a straight line.
Displacement
• Is the actual change of position of the object in
motion.
Speed
• Scalar quantity that gives the magnitude of how
fast an object is moving.
• Common unit: m/s distance covered over time
Velocity
• Ratio of the displacement of the object and the
time pass in that displacement.
• Displacement over time.
Average Velocity
• Is the ratio of the complete distance covered by
the object and the total time to complete the
distance.
Instantaneous Velocity
• The velocity commonly read in the odometer
while driving or the velocity at that moment or
situation.
Acceleration
 velocity of the object is changing.
 The word to accelerate or to increase some
more speed in the motion.
Average Acceleration
 The ratio of the change in velocity of the object
and the time interval in that change of velocity.
 Change in velocity over time pass ( V2-V1/T2-
T1)
Instantaneous Acceleration
• Ratio of the change in velocity of the object and
the smallest or shortest time required in that
change.
Uniform Accelerated Motion
• When the velocity of an object in motion
changes at constant rate when acceleration is
the same as pass by.
Free-fall Motion • Horizontal

• A type of uniform accelerated motion wherein – Motion of a ball rolling freely along a
the acceleration is constant. level surface

Law of Inertia – Horizontal velocity is ALWAYS constant

• States that a body will remain at rest, and a • Vertical

body in motion will remain in motion at
– Motion of a freely falling object
constant velocity in a straight line if no force
acts on it. – Force due to gravity
• Inertia is the ability of an object that needs – Vertical component of velocity changes
application of force to change the object’s with time
motion.
• Parabolic
Law of Acceleration
– Path traced by an object accelerating
• States that the acceleration of a body is directly only in the vertical direction while
proportional to the force acting on it and moving at constant horizontal velocity
inversely proportional with the mass of the
body. • Newton concluded that the gravitational force
is:
• F=ma
– Directly proportional to the masses of
Law of Interaction both objects.
• States that for every action force, there is an – Inversely proportional to the square of
equal and opposite reaction force. the distance between the objects.
Projectile Motion • In symbols, Newton’s Law of Universal
Gravitation is:
 Curvilinear motion and a special type of 2
dimension
 Trajectory is the path followed by the projectile
– Where G is a constant of
Vx= Vinitial proportionality known as Gravitational
constant
Vy= gt
– G = 6.67 x 10-11 N m2/kg2
V^2= Vx^2+Vy^2

R= Vxt

H= 1/2gt^2

What two factors would affect projectile motion?

– Angle

– Initial velocity

• Neglecting air resistance, the path of a

projectile is perfectly symmetrical