SPECIAL CIVIL ACTIONS INTRODUCTORY CONCEPTS

Special(civil(action,(nature!! of!the! e.! Forcible!entry;!

The! fact! that! an! action! is! subject! to! special! rules! other! COMELEC!and! and!
than! those! applicable! to! ordinary! civil! actions! is! what! COA;! f.! Unlawful!
makes!a!civil!action!special.!(Riano)!( c.! CPM;! detainer(
( d.! Quo!Warranto;!
Ordinary(Civil(Action(v.(Special(Civil(Action( e.! Contempt!!
An! ordinary( civil( action(is! when! a! party! sues! another! !
for! the! enforcement! or! protection! of! a! right,! or! the! !
prevention!or!redress!of!a!wrong.![Reyes)v.)Enriquez,)G.R.) Jurisdiction(and(Venue(!
No.) 162956,) April) 10,) 2008]! A! special( civil( action( The! venue! of! special! civil! actions! is! governed! by! the!
contains! special! features! not! found! in! ordinary! civil! general!rules!on!venue,!except!when!otherwise!indicated!
actions.!It!is!also!governed!by!ordinary!rules!but!subject! by! a! particular! rule! under! the! rules! on! special! civil!
to!specific!rules!prescribed.![Rule)1,)Sec.)3)(a),)Paragraph) actions.!Special!Civil!Actions!are!governed!by!the!rules!on!
2]! ordinary!civil!actions,!subject!to!specific!rules!prescribed!
! for!a!particular!civil!action.!(Sec.!3aa,!Rule!1).!
OCA( SCA( !
Cause!of!action!–!required! Not! required! in! Unlike!ordinary!civil!actions!which!is!determined!by!
in!all!! Declaratory!Relief! either!the!residences!of!the!parties!if!personal,!or!
Venue! –! residence! of! Quo! Warranto! –! if! location!of!the!property!if!real,!special!civil!actions!need!
parties/location!of!RP! commenced!in!SC!or!CA! not!be!based!on!this.!!
–!where!the!court!sits.!If! !
commenced! in! RTC,! For! instance,! for! quo) warranto,! venue! is! fixed! without!
looks! into! residence! of! regard! to! the! residences! of! the! parties.! [Riano,) Civil)
respondent! only.! If! SG! Procedure)II,)2012]!Venue!should!still!follow!the!rule!on!
commences,!in!RTC!City! venue,!except!in!instances!where!the!special!civil!action!
of!Manila.! specifies.!
MTC/RTC! –! actions! filed! FEUD!–!only!in!MTC! !
depends! on! jurisdictional! CPM!–!cannot!be!filed!in! Jurisdiction(of(the(lower(court(to(hear(interpleader((
amount!involved.! MTC! In! view! of! defendant’s! subsequent! failure! to! settle! his!
! issue!with!the!supplier,!plaintiff!instituted!an!action!for!
! interpleader! against! the! defendant! and! the! supplier,!
Special(Civil(Actions(under(the(Rules(of(Court( before!the!Court!of!First!Instance.!The!Court!held!that!the!
1.! Interpleader!(Rule!62);! Special!Civil!Action!may!be!tried!by!the!lower!court!if!it!
2.! Declaratory! relief! and! similar! remedies! (Rule! falls! within! its! jurisdiction,! here! the! amount! was! less!
63);! than! 10,000,! hence,! the! petition! was! proper.! [Makati)
3.! Review! of! judgment! and! final! orders! or! Development) v.) Tanjuatco,) G.R.) No.) LR26443,) March) 25,)
resolutions!of!the!Commission!on!Elections!and! 1969]!!
the!Commission!on!Audit!(Rule!64);! !
4.! Certiorari,! Prohibition,! and! Mandamus! (Rule! Jurisdiction(in(ejectment((
65);! Petitioners! contend! that! since! the! MTC! acted! without!
5.! Quo!Warranto!(Rule!66);! jurisdiction,!the!RTC!can!only!decide!the!case!on!appeal!
6.! Expropriation!(Rule!67);! if! it! has! original! jurisdiction.! The! SC! held! that! the! MTC!
7.! Foreclosure!of!real!estate!mortgage!(Rule!68);! had! jurisdiction! over! this! ejectment! case! even! if! the!
8.! Partition!(Rule!69);! question! of! possession! could! be! resolved! without!
9.! Forcible!entry!and!unlawful!detainer!(Rule!70);! passing! upon! the! issue! of! ownership.! [Serrano) v.)
and! Gutierrez,)G.R.)No.)162366,)November)10,)2006](
10.! Contempt!(Rule!71).! (
! Burden(of(Proof(!
How(SCAs(are(initiated(or(commenced( In! a! special! civil! action! for! certiorari,! the! petitioner!
While!ordinary!civil!actions!are!initiated!by!the!filing!of!a! carries! the! burden! of! proving! not! merely! reversible!
complaint,! some! SCAs! are! initiated! by! the! filing! of! a! error,!but!grave!abuse!of!discretion!amounting!to!lack!or!
petition.) excess! of! jurisdiction,! on! the! part! of! the! public!
! respondent!for!his!issuance!of!the!impugned!order.!
SCAs(commenced(by(a( SCAs(initiated(by(a( !
Petition( Complaint(
a.! Declaratory! a.! Interpleader;!
relief!and! b.! Expropriation;!
other!similar! c.! Foreclosure!of!
remedies;! REM;!
b.! Review!of! d.! Partition;!
adjudications!

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