RESEARCH c.

Replicability- enough information for

verification to repeat study.
d. Generalizability- study can be
Research is systematic inquire that is design to generalized or meaningful.
collect, analyze and interpret data.
STRENGTH AND WEAKNESSES OF
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

a. Structured data STRENGTHS (3 lang nilagay ko)

b. Statistical Analysis
1. Findings can be generalized
c. Objective conclusions
2. Easy to analyze
d. Surveys, experiments
3. Data can be reliable and consistent
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
WEAKNESSES
a. Unstructured data
1. Many kind of informations are difficult
b. Summary
to obtain.
c. Subjective conclusions
2. Unnatural situation
d. Interviews, groups, observation
3. Inflexible
RESEARCH is knowledge, gathering information
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH APPROACHES AND
and complex data.
DESIGNS
RESEARCH
a. Experimental Approach- based on
a. Empirical scientific method called EXPERIMENT.
b. Repetition 1. True Experimental Research Design-
c. Time randomly selected, bias free.
2. Quasi experimental research
RESEARCH is systematic attempt (process design- purposely selected prone to
attainable) to provide answers to the question. bias not capable of cause and effect
RESEARCH is not just information gathering, is relationship.
not rearranging facts, is not a sales pitch. b. Non- experimental approach- used in
field of sciences, involves variables.
QUANTI- Theory to researchers 1. Survey – attitude, views, feelings,
QUALI- Researchers to theory preferences.
2. Descriptive research design- data
According to CRESWELL 1994- inquiry to collection is observational in nature
identified problem based on the theory. to describe present phenomenon.
3. Casual comparative research
According to MATTHEW and ROSS 2010-
design- compares two or more
basically applied to collection of data.
groups in terms of cause(IV) that
CHARACTERISITCS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH happened.
4. Correlational research design-
a. Reliability- consistent
statistics to describe and measure
b. Validity- measurement and observation
degree of two or more variables.
of study represent what they
characterize
 c. Mixed method approach- mixed of OTHER TYPES OF VARIABLES (russel 2013,
quanti and quali. babbie 2013)

IMPORTANCE OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH 1. Control/ constant variables- do not

ACROSS FIELDS
- Reliable and objective
- Generalize finding
- Test theories and hypothesis.
RESEARCH CANNOT BE POSSIBLE WITHOUT
MEASUREABLE FACTORS. ANYTHING THAT CAN
VARY RESEARCH DUE CIRCUMSTANCES IS
CALLED variable.
Variable – object, event, idea, feeling, time
period.
- Something that can change such as
gender and age.
undergo changes
2. Attribute variables- characteristics of
respondents.
3. Covariate Variables – IV or CV that
contribute variation to the dependent
variable.
4. Continuous Variables- interval or ratio
scale of measurement.
5. Dichotomous Variables- two possible
results (M or F)
6. Latent Variable- cannot be directly
observed like personality traits.
7. Manifest Variables- directly observed to
give proofs to latent variables.

KINDS OF VARIABLES AND THEIR USES

a. Independent – influence your outcome

measure
b. Dependent- influence by the
independent variable.

CAUSE (iv) -> EFFECT (dv) -> OTHER FACTOR

(COMFOUNDING VARIABLE)

IV- investigator manipulates

Affects

DV- participants’ response

INTERVENING VARIABLE- links the independent

and dependent.

COMFOUNDING VARIABLE- variable that has

many other variables or dimensions.

EXTRANEOUS VARIABLES- controlled by

experimenter but when they didn’t give in the
control they will be Comfounding variable.
(NUISANCE VARIABLE)