Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
( Passive ) - Pens are used to write with. .– اﻷﻗﻼم ُﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻟﻠﻛﺗﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﮭﺎ
Ex.
1- The chair is made of wood. .– اﻟﻛرﺳﻲ ﻣﺻﻧوع ﻣن اﻟﺧﺷب
2- English is spoken all over the world. .– اﻻﻧﺟﻠﯾزي ﯾﺗم اﻟﺗﺣدث ﺑﮫ ﻓﻲ ﻛل أﻧﺣﺎء اﻟﻌﺎﻟم
اﻻﺳﺗﺧدام
.* ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﻋن ﺣﻘﯾﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻣﯾﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺗﺔ
- The sun rises in the east.
- It rains in winter.
( ) اﻟوظﯾﻔﺔ أو اﻟﺳﻛن.* ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﻋن ﻣوﻗف ﯾﻛون ﺣﻘﯾﻘﺔ ﻟﻔﺗرة طوﯾﻠﺔ
- He works in an office.
- Mona and Amany live in Cairo.
.* ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﻋن ﻋﺎدة أو أﻓﻌﺎل ﻣﺗﻛررة
- He usually gets up early.
- Ahmed plays football every Friday.
:* وﻓﻰ ھذه اﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم اﻟﻛﻠﻣﺎت اﻵﺗﯾﺔ
every ﻛل ever ﻣن ﻗﺑل scarcely ﻧﺎدرا
usually ﻋﺎدة never ًأﺑدا
generally ً ﻋﻣوﻣﺎ
sometimes ً أﺣﯾﺎﻧﺎ hardly ًﻧﺎدرا
occasionally ﻣن وﻗت ﻷﺧر
always ً داﺋﻣﺎ rarely ﻧﺎدرا
in the morning ﻓﻲ اﻟﺻﺑﺎح
often ً ﻏﺎﻟﺑﺎ seldom ﻧﺎدرا
once a week ﻣرة أﺳﺑوﻋﯾﺎ
* ﻣﻊ ﻣﻼﺣظﺔ أن
( ﻓﻲ ﺑداﯾﺔ أو ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔsometimes – usually ) ﯾﻣﻛن أن ﺗﺄﺗﻰ-
- I usually get up early. - I get up early usually. - Usually I get up early.
1
. ( ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌدھﺎ ﺻﯾﻐﺔ ﺳؤالNever – Seldom – Rarely – Scarcely) ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﺗﺑدأ اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ ﺑـ-
- She never goes to school by car. = - Never does she go to school by car.
. * ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻲ ﺟدول اﻟﻣواﻋﯾد ) اﻟﻣواﺻﻼت – اﻟﻣﺑﺎرﯾﺎت – اﻟﺣﺻص – اﻣﺗﺣﺎﻧﺎت ( ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑل
- The train arrives at five tomorrow.
- The plane leaves at 7 o'clock tonight.
: * ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم زﻣن اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع اﻟﺑﺳﯾط ﻣﻊ اﻟرواﺑط اﻵﺗﯾﺔ
After
When
As soon as
The moment
* After I wash the car, I will go to the cinema.
* The moment she arrives home, she is going to sleep.
Didn't + inf
Negative * He bought some clothes last week.
He didn't buy any clothes last week.
Did + Subject + inf ?
Yes, No
* Did Ali go to school yesterday?
Question
- Yes, he did. - No, he didn't.
Interrogative
Question word + did + Subject + Inf ?
Wh
* Where did you go last week?
Question
- I went to the theatre.
Was / were + P.P
Passive * They built a new school last year.
A new school was built last year.
اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام
:* ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻵﺗﯿﺔ
yesterday أﻣس
this morning ھذا اﻟﺻﺑﺎح
last اﻟﺳﺎﺑق
in the past ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ
ago ﻣﻧذ
in the ancient times ﻓﻲ ﻋﺻور ﻗدﯾﻣﺔ
in (2003) (()اى ﻋﺎم ﺳﺎﺑق2003 )ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم
in the old (days-ages-times) ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ
once ذات ﻣرة
when I was young ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﻛﻧت ﺻﻐﯾر
once upon a time ﻛﺎن ﯾﺎ ﻣﻛﺎن
It's too late ﻓﺎت اﻷوان
the other day ﻣﻧذ ﺑﺿﻌﺔ أﯾﺎم
the previous day اﻟﯾوم اﻟﺳﺎﺑق
.* ﯾﻌﺑر ﻋن أﺣداث ﺑدأت و اﻧﺗﮭت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ
* He visited Luxor in 1995. * I went to the cinema two weeks ago.
.* ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﻋن أﺣداث ﻣﺗﺗﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺻﺔ
* One day, Goha went to the market, he took his donkey, he had a lot of money with him.
2
( used to ) وﻓﻰ ھذه اﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﯾﻣﻛن اﺳﺗﺧدام.* ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﻋن ﻋﺎدة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ
famous ﻣﺷﮭور World Cup finals ﻧﮭﺎﺋﯾﺎت ﻛﺄس اﻟﻌﺎﻟم cancer اﻟﺳرطﺎن
well known ﻣﻌروف praise ﯾﻣدح desire ﯾرﻏب – رﻏﺑﺔ
footballer ﻻﻋب ﻛرة ﻗدم generous ﻛرﯾم young people اﻟﺷﺑﺎب
admire ﯾﻌﺟب ﺑـ generosity اﻟﻛرم chance ﻓرﺻﺔ
intelligent ذﻛﻰ donate ﯾﺗﺑرع succeed ﯾﻧﺟﺢ
intelligence اﻟذﻛﺎء donor اﻟﻣﺗﺑرع success اﻟﻧﺟﺎح
ability اﻟﻘدرة donation اﻟﺗﺑرع successful ﻧﺎﺟﺢ
disability اﻻﻋﺎﻗﺔ hometown ﻣﺳﻘط رأﺳﺔ role model ﻧﻣوذج ﯾﺣﺗذى ﺑﮫ
disabed ﻣﻌوق charity ﺟﻣﻌﯾﺔ ﺧﯾرﯾﺔ nickname اﺳم اﻟﺷﮭرة
score goals ﯾﺣرز اھداف charitable ﺧﯾرى happiness اﻟﺳﻌﺎدة
3
blood اﻟدم injury اﺻﺎﺑﺔ iron levels ﻣﺳﺗوى اﻟدم
blood donor اﻟﻣﺗﺑرع ﺑﺎﻟدم injured ﻣﺻﺎب check ﯾﻔﺣص
country ﺑﻠد need ﯾﺣﺗﺎج find out ﯾﻛﺗﺷف
the country اﻟرﯾف regular ﻣﻧﺗظم quickly ﺑﺳرﻋﺔ
around the world ﺣول اﻟﻌﺎﻟم blood transplants ﻧﻘل دم problems ﻣﺷﻛﻠﺔ
take part ﯾﺷﺎرك ﻓﻰ long-term illness ﻣرض ﻣزﻣن save lives ﯾﻧﻘذ ﺣﯾوات
take place ﯾﺣدث health اﻟﺻﺣﺔ easy ﺳﮭل
take in ﯾﺳﺗوﻋب healthy ﺻﺣﻰ recognize ﯾدرك
take out ﯾُﺧرج benefits ﻓواﺋد worry about ﯾﻘﻠق ﻋﻠﻰ – ﺑﺳﺄن
badly ﺑطرﯾﻘﺔ ﺳﯾﺋﺔ blood pressure ﺿﻐط اﻟدم skills ﻣﮭﺎرات
Blood donors
Every year on 14th June, countries around the world take
part in World Blood Donor Day. Why should people donate
blood? Donating blood can help people if they have been
badly injured or need regular blood transplants because
they have a long-term illness. Giving blood can also have
health benefits. All donors have their blood pressure and iron
levels checked before donation, so people who donate blood
can find out quickly if they have any health problems. Giving
blood can save lives and it is easy to do!
Lions are disappearing all over Africa but there is some hope now
after the amazing work of an organization called Lion Guardians,
which is based in Kenya, but Guardians help nearby Tanzania. The
aim of Lion Guardians is to help local people to protect their own
livestock and reduce the number of lion killing in the area. Cattle are
important to the villagers but they often go missing or are attacked by
lions. Then the lions are killed as villagers worry about losing more
livestock.
4
Lion Guardians is changing this. The organization works with the
community to help both the lions and their livestock and this is done
by employing local people. Maasai men are chosen to become
guardians as they understand lions and have the skills needed to
monitor their movements, find missing livestock and stop hunting
parties. They are taught to be field biologists and are given a sense
of responsibility.
Lions are tracked every day and the information is sent to the
cattle farmers who can then make sure their cows are safe.
Guardians also take part in reducing the number of hunters who
come to kill the lions for sport. Lion Guardians is a success story-
helping the future of lions as well as the local communities.
* ھﻧﺎك ﺑﻌض اﻟﻣﺑﺎدئ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﻲ ﯾﺟب ﻣراﻋﺎﺗﮭﺎ ﻋﻧد اﻟﺗرﺟﻣﺔ ﻣن اﻻﻧﺟﻠﯾزﯾﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻌرﺑﯾﺔ أو اﻟﻌﻛس ﻓﺎﻟﺗرﺟﻣﺔ ﻟﯾﺳت ﻣﺟرد ﺗرﺟﻣﺔ ﻛﻠﻣﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻛﻠﻣﺔأﺧرى
.ﺑل ﯾﺟب أن ﺗﺗم اﻟﺗرﺟﻣﺔ ﻛﺟزء واﺣد ﻻ ﯾﻧﻔﺻل ﺑﻌﺿﮭﺎ ﻋن اﻷﺧر
:* وﻣن ھذه اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯾﺎت
. ﻻ ﺗﺗم اﻟﺗرﺟﻣﺔ ﺑطرﯾﻘﺔ ﺣرﻓﯾﺔ ﺑل ﺗﻘرأ اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ ﻛﻠﮭﺎ ﺛم ﯾﺗم ﺗرﺟﻣﺗﮭﺎ ﻛﺟﻣﻠﺔ واﺣدة-1
. ﻻ ﺗﺗم ﺗرﺟﻣﺔ اﻷﺳﻣﺎء اﻟﻣرﻛﺑﺔ ﻣﻧﻔردة ﺑل ﻛﺟزء واﺣد-2
- Egypt's ancient civilization ( ) ﻣﺻر ﻗدﯾﻣﺔ ﺣﺿﺎرة ( ) ﺣﺿﺎرة ﻣﺻر اﻟﻘدﯾﻣﺔ
- current events ( ) ﺣﺎﻟﻲ أﺣداث ( ) أﺣداث ﺟﺎرﯾﺔ
. ﻋﻧد اﻟﺗرﺟﻣﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻌرﺑﯾﺔ ﺗﺑدأ اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌل وﻟﻛن ﻋﻧد اﻟﺗرﺟﻣﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻻﻧﺟﻠﯾزﯾﺔ ﯾﺑدأ اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺎﻋل-3
- The government set up huge projects. – أﻗﺎﻣت اﻟﺣﻛوﻣﺔ ﻣﺷروﻋﺎت ﺿﺧﻣﺔ
( ﻋﻧد ﺗرﺟﻣﺔ ﺟﻣﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ زﻣن اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع اﻟﺗﺎم ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم ) ﻗد – ﻟﻘد-4
- They have adapted to wildlife. .– ﻟﻘد ﺗﻛﯾﻔوا ﻣﻊ اﻟﺣﯾﺎة اﻟﺑرﯾﺔ
وﻟﻛن ﯾﺟب أن ﻧﻼﺣظ أن ) ﻗد ( ﻣن اﻟﻣﻣﻛن أن ﺗﻌﻧﻰ اﺣﺗﻣﺎل ﺣدوث اﻟﺷﻲء
- He may come tomorrow. .ً– ﻗد ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﻏدا
(V.To.Be) ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌرﺑﯾﺔ اﻟﺻﻔﺔ ﺗﺗﺑﻊ اﻟﻣوﺻوف ﺑﯾﻧﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻻﻧﺟﻠﯾزﯾﺔ ﺗوﺿﻊ اﻟﺻﻔﺔ ﻗﺑل اﻟﻣوﺻوف أو ﺑﻌد-5
- giant projects – ﻣﺷروﻋﺎت ﺿﺧﻣﺔ
- The projects are giant – اﻟﻣﺷروﻋﺎت ﺿﺧﻣﺔ
( V.To.Be ) أﺣﯾﺎﻧﺎ ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ) ھو – ھﻲ ( ﻛﻔﻌل ﻓﻲ وﺳط اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ وﻓﻲ ھذه اﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم-6
- Tourism is important source for national income. .– اﻟﺳﯾﺎﺣﺔ ھﻲ ﻣﺻدر ﻣﮭم ﻟﻠدﺧل اﻟﻘوﻣﻲ
5
improve ﯾﺣﺳن pollution ﺗﻠوث extinct ﻣﻧﻘرﺿﺔ
economy اﻷﻗﺗﺻﺎد humans اﻟﺑﺷر propaganda دﻋﺎﯾﺔ
carrying out ﺗﻧﻔﯾذ seek to ﺗﺳﻌﻰ efforts ﺟﮭود
conserve ﯾﺣﺎﻓظ ﻋﻠﻰ progress اﻟﺗﻘدم news agency وﻛﺎﻟﺔ أﻧﺑﺎء
environment اﻟﺑﯾﺋﺔ development اﻟﺗطور Media وﺳﺎﺋل اﻹﻋﻼم
environmental ﺑﯾﺋﻲ join ﺗﻠﺗﺣق opportunities ﻓرص
as much as possible ﺑﻘدر اﻷﻣﻛﺎن make use of ﯾﺳﺗﻐل faith اﻹﯾﻣﺎن
as a result of ﻧﺗﯾﺟﺔ ﻟـ contribute ﯾﺳﺎھم peace اﻟﺳﻼم
2- All donors have their blood pressure and iron levels checked before donation.
.................................................................................................................................................................... -
3- Mohamed Salah has been praised for his kind and generous donations to charity in Egypt.
.................................................................................................................................................................... -
5- Lions are tracked every day to protect livestock and reduce the number of lion killing in the area.
.................................................................................................................................................................... -
.. ﯾﻌﺗﻘد اﻟﻌﻠﻣﺎء أن اﻟﻛﺛﯾر ﻣن أﻧواع اﻟﻧﺑﺎت و اﻟﺣﯾوان ﺳوف ﺗﺻﺑﺢ ﻣﻧﻘرﺿﺔ ﻧﺗﯾﺟﺔ ﻟﻠﺗﻠوث اﻟﺑﯾﺋﻲ-2
- ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
. ﻻ ﺑد أن ﻧﻘﻧﻊ اﻟﻧﺎس ﺑﺎﻟﺗﺑرع ﺑﺎﻟدم ﻷن ھذا ﯾﺳﺎﻋد ﻓﻲ إﻧﻘﺎذ ﺣﯾﺎة اﻟﻛﺛﯾرﯾن ﻣن اﻟﺑﺷر-3
- ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
. ﺗﺳﻌﻰ اﻟﺣﻛوﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﺿﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺷﻛﻠﺔ اﻟﺑطﺎﻟﺔ وذﻟك ﺑﺗوﻓﯾر ﻓرص ﻋﻣل ﻟﻠﺷﺑﺎب-4
- ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
. ﯾﺟب اﺳﺗﻐﻼل وﺳﺎﺋل اﻻﻋﻼم ﺟﯾدا ﻟﻌﻣل اﻟدﻋﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻟﻣؤﺳﺳﺔ ﻣﺟدى ﯾﻌﻘوب اﻟﺧﯾرﯾﺔ-5
- ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………