CHRIST

Deemed to be University

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES/ME535

UNIT – I: CHAPTER-1: BASIC CONCEPTS 10 Hours
 Heat Engine
 IC and EC engines
 Applications
 Engine classification
 Engine nomenclature
 IC Engine construction
 2 and 4 stroke operations
 Valve and port timing diagram

Excellence and Service

 CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Text / Reference Books
 V Ganesan, “Internal Combustion Engines”, 4th edition, Tata McGraw-Hill publishing- company Limited, 2012.
 Mathur & Sharma, “Internal Combustion Engines”, 8th edition, Dhanpat Rai & Sons., 1996.
 Heywood, John B, “Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals”, McGraw-Hill, 2007.

 ENGINE

 HEAT ENGINE

 IC & EC ENGINES

Excellence and Service

Applications of IC and EC Engines CHRIST
Deemed to be University

Excellence and Service

Classifications of IC Engines CHRIST
Deemed to be University

Excellence and Service

 CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Arrangement of Cylinders

Excellence and Service

ENGINE NOMENCLATURE CHRIST
Deemed to be University

Excellence and Service

 CHRIST
Deemed to be University

Bore: The nominal inside diameter of the

engine cylinder is called bore.

Top Dead Centre (TDC): The extreme

position of the piston at the top of the
cylinder of the vertical engine is called
top dead centre (TDC).

Bottom Dead Centre (BDC): The extreme

position of the piston at the bottom of
the cylinder of the vertical engine called
bottom dead centre (BDC).

Stroke: The distance travelled by the

piston from TDC to BDC is called stroke.
In other words, the maximum distance
travelled by the piston in the cylinder in
one direction is known as stroke. It is
equal to twice the radius of the crank.

Excellence and Service

 CHRIST
Deemed to be University

Clearance Volume (Vc): The volume

contained in the cylinder above the top
of the piston, when the piston is at top
dead centre is called the clearance
volume.

Swept Volume (Vs): The volume swept

by the piston during one stroke is
called the swept volume or piston
displacement. Swept volume is the
volume covered by the piston while
moving from TDC to BDC.

Compression Ratio (rc): Compression

ratio is a ratio of the volume when the
piston is at bottom dead centre to the
volume when the piston is at top dead
centre.

Excellence and Service

ENGINE COMPONENTS CHRIST
Deemed to be University

Engine block

Materials Used For Engine Block

1) Grey cast iron alloys
2) Aluminium alloys
3) Magnesium alloy

Manufacturing method
Casting and forging

Functions
Maintaining the engine's stability and
lubrication while withstanding a variety
of temperatures and loads.

Excellence and Service

 CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Cylinder head

Materials used
Aluminium alloy

Casting

Functions
Housing the exhaust and intake
valves, the fuel injector and
necessary linkages, and passages
for the fuel and air mixture. In
water-cooled engines.

Excellence and Service

 CHRIST
Piston Deemed to be University

Materials Used
Aluminium alloy

Manufacturing method
Casting

Functions
1. Transfer force from expanding gas in
the cylinder to the crankshaft via a
piston rod and/or connecting rod.

2. Force is transferred from the

crankshaft to the piston for the
purpose of compressing or ejecting
the fluid in the cylinder.

Excellence and Service

 CHRIST
Piston rings Deemed to be University

Materials Used
Cast iron, cast steel, forged steel, cast
aluminium alloys and forged aluminium alloy

Manufacturing method
Casting

Functions
1. Sealing the combustion chamber so that
there is minimal loss of gases to the crank
case.
2. Improving heat transfer from the piston to
the cylinder wall.
3. Regulating engine oil consumption by
scraping oil from the cylinder walls back to
the sump.

Excellence and Service

 CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Connecting rod
Materials Used
Cast aluminium alloy
Low carbon steel

Manufacturing method
Forging and heat treatment

Functions
Transfers motion from the piston to
the crankshaft and functions as a
lever arm.

Excellence and Service

 CHRIST
Crank shaft Deemed to be University

Materials Used Functions

Medium-carbon steel alloys
Manufacturing method
Casting
Conversion of linear reciprocating
motion of a piston into rotary
motion.

Excellence and Service

 CHRIST
Fly wheel Deemed to be University

Materials Used
Cast iron

Manufacturing method
Casting

Functions
A flywheel is used to store
energy. When torque is applied
to a flywheel, its energy is
conserved in its rotational
momentum.

Excellence and Service

 CHRIST
Valves Deemed to be University

Materials Used
Silicon-chrome steel for (ILV)
Austenitic nickel-chromium (EV)

Manufacturing method
Extrusion forging, forging press,
Heat treatment and lathe
operations.

Functions
1. They permit the intake of fuel
and air.
2. Then they must seal
compression.
3. After the explosion the exhaust
valve must permit the burned
gases to leave the combustion
chamber.
Excellence and Service
 CHRIST
Engine construction
Deemed to be University

Excellence and Service

 CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Working of 2 stroke engine

Excellence and Service

 CHRIST
Deemed to be University

Excellence and Service

 CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Working of 4 stroke engine

Excellence and Service

 CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Valve time diagram

a) VTD OF CI Engine b) VTD OF SI Engine

Excellence and Service

 CHRIST
Deemed to be University

Excellence and Service

 CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Port time diagram

Excellence and Service