Research Paper ISSN-2455-0736 (Print)

Peer Reviewed Journal ISSN-2456-4052 (Online)

]q¥m\w IhnX ˛ ss{IkvXhZ¿i\Øns‚ ]›mØeØn¬

Dr. Bennichen Scaria

HOD, Department of Malayalam, Pavanatma College, Murickassery

frbennop@gmail.com

kw{Klw (Abstract)
Z¿i\w F∂ hm°ns‚ A¿XvYw Xs∂ ho£Ww F∂mWv. Cuizc≥, a\pjy≥, temIw, tam£w
F∂nhsb∏¡n hyXykvXamb ImgvN∏mSpIfmWp≈Xv. Cuizc bmYm¿XvYytØmSpw ssNX\ytØmSpw
a\pjykØ Bcw`Imew apX¬ ]pe¿Ønt∏m∂n´p≈ B`napJyßfptSbpw XpdhnbptSbpw cq]`mh߃
hyXykvXambncp∂psh¶nepw Ahbv°Snbnep≠mbncp∂ at\m`mhßfn¬ kam\amb Nne ASnkvYm\
`mh߃ Is≠Øm\p≈ {iaamWv ChnsS \SØnbncn°p∂Xv. PohnXØns‚ cq]s∏SpØepw I¿ΩØn\v
am¿§Z¿i\w sNøepamWv F√m Z¿i\ßfptSbpw Dt±iyw. a\pjy\v {]Xy£amb coXnbn¬
CuizcZ¿i\w km[yamIp∂Xv AhXmcØneqsSbmsW∂v an° aXßfpw kn≤m¥n°p∂p. [¿ΩØn\p
£bhpw A[¿ΩØn\v h¿[\bpw `hn°ptºmƒ km[pc£WØn\mbpw ZpjvSin£bv°mbpw `Khm≥
F°mehpw AhXmcsaSp°p∂psh∂mWv sslµhkn≤m¥w. {InkvXpaXØn¬ ssZhw ]q¿Æ\mbn
a\pjys‚ apºn¬ {]Xy£s∏´n´p≈Xpw a\pjyt\mSv \n¿WmbIambn kwkmcn®n´p≈Xpw a\pjymhXmcw
sNbv X {Inkv X phneqsSbmWv . Cuizca\pjy kamKaØnt‚bpw kwk¿KØnt‚bpw ]q¿Ønbmbn
aX߃ IcpXp∂Xpw {]Xo£n°p∂Xpw apIvXnsbbmWv. sslµhZ¿i\{]Imcw apIvXn
]camflmhpambp≈ A\\yX AYhm XmZmflyw Xs∂bmWv. ssZhhpambp≈ sshbIvXnIamb sFIyw
apJm`napJamb CuizcZ¿i\w, \nXyamb B\µw, DXvYm\w sNbvX hnip≤cpsS kz¿§obamb Hcpa
F∂nhbs{X ss{Ikv X hZ¿i\ {]Imcap≈ apIv X nbpsS apJymwi߃. sslµh Z¿i\Øns‚
]›mØeØn¬ FgpXs∏´ ]q¥m\w IhnXIsf ss{Ikv X h Z¿i\Øns‚ ]›mØeØn¬
A]{KYn°pI F∂XmWv Cu {]_‘w sIm≠pt±in°p∂Xv. AXn\mbn {]_‘sØ aq∂v `mKßfmbn
Xncn®ncn°p∂p.

1. sslµhZ¿i\w
Zriví F∂ [mXphn¬ \n∂mWv Z¿i\w F∂ hm°ns‚ Dev]Øn. Z¿i\w F∂ hm°n\v ImgvN,
ImW¬, t\m°¬ F∂o A¿XvY߃ \nL≠p°ƒ \¬Ip∂p. {]]©Øns‚bpw a\pjys‚bpw
B¥coI kz`mhsØ°pdn®p≈ ]T\w F∂ A¿XvYØnemWv {]mNo\ BNmcy∑m¿ Z¿i\w F∂
]Zw D]tbmKn®ncn°p∂Xv. C¥ybnse {]mNo\ XXzPvRm\nIƒ {]IyXn, ssNX\yw, a\pjy≥,
PvRm\w, Nn¥,PohnXw, acWw F∂nhsb√mw kqIvjaamb At\zjW߃°v hnt[bam°nbXns‚
^eambn cq]w sIm≠hbmWv `mcXob Z¿i\߃. thZßfnepw D]\njØpIfnepamWv `mcXob
XXzNn¥bpsS Bcw`w. Zm¿i\oIcpsS PohnX kao]\߃ hyXykv X ambncp∂Xn\m¬
\nKa\ßfpw hyXykvXßfmbncp∂p. F∂ncp∂mepw ASnkvYm\ ]cambn Chbn¬ kam\XIƒ
Is≠Øm≥ Ignbpw. AXmbXv ìa\pjys‚ kpJhpw t{ibkpw D¬°¿jhpamWv F√m
Z¿i\ßfpsSbpw s]mXpe£yw.`mcXob XXzNn¥ kmcmwiØn¬ A≤ymflnIamsW∂pw
AKm[amb Cu B≤ymflnIXbmWv ImeØns‚ sISpXnIsfbpw Ncn{XØns‚
BIkvanIXIsfbpw t\cnSm≥ C¥y°v Ignhp≠m°n sImSpsØ∂pw BNmcy∑m¿ ka¿XvYn°p∂p.
B≤ymflnI hmZsa∂Xp t]mse Xs∂ `uXnIhmZhpw C¥ybn¬ {]mNn\ Imew apX¬
\ne\n∂ncp∂p. tNX\bn¬ \n∂v `uXnI ]Zm¿∞߃ D≠mbn F∂v hmZn°p∂hsc
BflobhmZnIƒ F∂pw `uXnI ]Zm¿∞Øn¬ \n∂v Nn¥bpw tNX\bpw D≠mbn F∂p
hmZn°p∂hsc `uXnIhmZnIƒ F∂pw hnfn°p∂p. ZpcnXßfpw Zp:Jßfpw D≠mIp∂ L´Øn¬
bYm¿Y PohnXØn¬ \n∂v `uXnImXnX Nn¥mafieØnte°pw BflobXbpsS
A¥¿apJXzØnte°pw ]emb\w sNøm\p≈ {]hWX `mcXob XXzNn¥bpsS {]tXyIXbmW.v C¥y≥
P\X iXm_vZßfneqsS B¿Pn® ssk≤m¥nI A\p`hßfmWv `mcXob Z¿i\߃. `mcXob

PESQUISA- International Journal of Research Vol.2, Issue-1, November 2016 128

 Research Paper ISSN-2455-0736 (Print)
Peer Reviewed Journal ISSN-2456-4052 (Online)
Z¿i\߃ apJyambpw H≥]sXÆamWv ˛ \ymbw, sshtijnIw, kmwJyw, tbmKw, ]q¿∆aoamwk,
DØcaoamwk, (BkvXnI Z¿i\߃) _p≤w, ssP\w, Nm¿hmIw (\mkvXnI Z¿i\߃) F∂nhbmWh.
Z¿i\ßfn¬ \n∂v aqey߃ Dƒs°m≠psIm≠v cq]s∏Sp∂hbmWv {]kvYm\߃. sslµh
Z¿i\߃ kvYm]\h¬°cn°s∏´t∏mƒ cq]w sIm≠ Hcp \thm∞m\ {]kvYm\amWp `IvXn
{]kv Y m\w. tIcfØn¬ sNdpt»cn, FgpØNv O ≥, ]q¥m\w, taev ] Øq¿ \mcmbW`´Xncn
XpSßnbhcpsS Imew `IvXn {]kvYm\Øns‚ ]pjvIe Imeambncp∂p.
2) ss{IkvXh Z¿i\w
ì {]XymibpsS PohnXamWv bYm¿∞ PohnXsa∂v ss{IkvXhZ¿i\w hy‡am°p∂p.
ss{Ikv X hZ¿i\Øns‚ ASnÿm\ XXzßfmWv ssZhkv t \lhpw a\pjykv t \lhpw.
ssZhkvt\lw {]ISam°p∂Xv a\pjykvt\lØneqsSbmsW∂v ss{IkvXh Z¿i\w ]Tn∏n°p∂p.
ss{IkvXhZ¿i\w BhnjvIcn°p∂Xn¬ {][m\]¶phln® ssZhimkv{X⁄cmWv AKÃn≥,
tXmakv AIzo\mkv, s_mtbjykv, s_m\sh©¿ XpSßnbh¿. ss{IkvXhZ¿i\Ønse {][m\
LSI߃ \mseÆamWvv. Ah ssZhkvt\lw, ssZhØn\v a\pjyt\mSp≈ kvt\lw, a\pjy\v
ssZhtØmSp≈ kvt\lw, ktlmZckvt\lw F∂nhbmsW∂v k`m]T\߃
hy‡am°p∂p.ss{IkvXh Z¿i\Øns‚ auenIkz`mhamWv ssZhkvt\lw. ìAKms∏ F∂
{Ko°p]ZamWv ssZhkv t \lsØ kqNn∏n°m≥ D]tbmKn°p∂Xv . ssZhØns‚ clkyw
kvt\lØns‚ clkyamsW∂v ss{IkvXhZ¿i\w hy‡am°p∂p. ssZhØn\v a\pjyt\mSp≈
kvt\lØns‚ ASbmfamWv a\pjykrjvSn. a\pjy≥ ssZhOmbbn¬ krjvSn°s∏´p F∂mWv
ss__nƒ ]Tn∏n°p∂Xv . {]amW]me\Ønep≈ hnizkv X X a\pjy\v ssZhtØmSp≈
kvt\lØns‚ Bflm¿∞X {]ISam°p∂p. ssZhtØmSp≈ a\pjys‚ kvt\lw
\ncp]m[nIambncn°Ww F∂XmWv ss{IkvXhZ¿i\Øns‚ {]tXyIX. ImcpWyØm¬ hntamN\w
e`n®hs‚bpw A\¥kv t \lØn\v ]m{Xambhs‚bpw at\m`mhamWv ChnsS a\pjy≥
]pe¿tØ≠Xv. ss{IkvXhZ¿i\Øns‚ G‰hpw {][m\ LSIamWv ktlmZckvt\lw. BcmWv
Fs‚ Ab¬°mc≥ F∂ tNmZyØn\v {InkvXp \¬Ip∂ adp]Sn IcpW ImWn°p∂h≥ F∂mWv.
ss{IkvXh Z¿i\a\pkcn®v Ab¬°mc≥ kz¥w PmXnbnepw aXØnepw AXoX\mbn i{Xp]£Øp
\n¬°p∂h\mbncn°mw ktlmZckvt\lw i{Xp°sft∏mepw kvt\ln°m≥ a\pjys\ t{]cn∏n°p∂p.
ss{IkvXhZ¿i\Øns‚ A¥kØ shfnhm°s∏Sp∂Xv ]Øp{]amWßfneqsSbmWv.
ssZhkvt\lØns‚bpw a\pjykvt\lØns‚bpw Zriyamb ASbmfamWv ]Øp{]amW߃. ssZhw
a\pjy\pambn \SØp∂ alØmb hntamN\kw`hamb ]pd∏mSns‚ ]›mØeØnemWv ]Øv
Iev]\Iƒ \¬Is∏Sp∂Xv. ssZhhpw a\pjy\pw XΩn¬ sNbvX Cu DSºSn ImeØn\pw tZiØn\pw
AXoXamb k\mX\ [¿Ωßfmbn C∂pw \ne\n¬°p∂p. a\pjy\v ssZhtØmSpw
Ab¬°mct\mSpap≈ auenIISaIsf hy‡am°p∂hbmWv ]Øp Iev]\Iƒ. \ns‚ ssZhamb
I¿Ømhns\ Bcm[n°Ww, ssZhØns‚ \maw hrYm {]tbmKn°cpXv, ssZhØns‚ Znhkw
]cnip≤ambn BNcn°Ww. F∂o {]mYanI Iev]\Iƒ a\pjy\v ssZhtØmSp≈ _‘sØ
hy‡am°p∂hbmWv. ssZhkvt\lØns‚ Cu temIØnep≈ {]IS\ambn´mWv ss{IkvXhZ¿i\w
ktlmZckvt\lsØ ImWp∂Xv. Ab¬°mcs\ kvt\ln°p∂h≥ \nbaw ]q¿ØoIcn°p∂p F∂mWv
ss__nƒ ]Tn∏n°p∂Xv . ]Øp{]amWßfnse \memw Iev ] \apX¬ ]Øphsc ktlmZc
kvt\lØns‚ {]m[m\ysØ hy‡am°p∂hbmWv.
ss{IkvXhZ¿i\Øns‚ \mepXeßfmWv CuizcZ¿i\w, a\pjyZ¿i\w, acWZ¿i\w, \nXyPohnXw
F∂nh. ]¿∆X߃ \n¿Ωn°s∏Sp∂Xn\v apºv `qanbpw `qtKmfßfpw D≠mIp∂Xn\papºv, A\mZnapX¬
\ne\n¬°p∂ i‡nbmWv ssZhw F∂v ss{IkvXhZ¿i\w ]Tn∏n°p∂p. tXmakv AIzo\mkns‚
A`n{]mbØn¬ ìF√m‰ns‚bpw kwc£I\pw ]cn]meI\pamWv ssZhw. i‡\pw
ImcpWyhm\pamb BZni‡n as‰m∂ns\ B{ibn°pIbpw am‰Øn\v A[o\\mhpIbpw sNøp∂n√.
ssZhw \nXyXbn¬ \nesIm≈p∂h\mWv. ssZhØns‚ Aaq¿ØXsb a\ nem°m≥ a\pjy\v
Ignbn√ F∂v ss{IkvXhZ¿i\w hy‡am°p∂p. ss{IkvXhZ¿i\Øns‚ c≠masØ XeamWv
a\pjyZ¿i\w. ssZhØns‚ F√m krjvSnIfpsSbpw aIpShpw e£yhpamWv a\pjykrjvSn. ssZhw
{]]©sØ krjvSn®Xn\ptijw bPam\≥ F∂ \nebn¬ AXns\ \nb{¥n°p∂Xn\v a\pjys\
\ntbmKn°pIbmWv sNbvXncn°p∂Xv. ss{IkvXhZ¿i\a\pkcn®v acWw Hcp bmYm¿∞yamWv.

PESQUISA- International Journal of Research Vol.2, Issue-1, November 2016 129

 Research Paper ISSN-2455-0736 (Print)
Peer Reviewed Journal ISSN-2456-4052 (Online)

F∂m¬ Ah≥ ]q¿Wambn acWØneqsS C√mXmIp∂n√. a\pjy≥ Hcn°¬ acn°Wsa∂pw

AXn\ptijw hn[n°s∏SWsa∂pw \n›bn°s∏´ncn°p∂p. acWw \nXyPohs‚ hmXn¬ Xpd°p∂
Xmt°membn ss{IkvXhZ¿i\w ]Tn∏n°p∂p. a\pjy≥ F¥p t\Snbmepw ]tcm£ambn ssZhsØ
tXSp∂psh∂p ]dbp∂XmWv \nXyPoh≥. A]q¿W\mb a\pjys‚ ]q¿WXbn¬ hnebw
{]m]n°phm\p≈ B{KlamWv \nXyPoh\n¬ ASßnbncn°p∂Xv. ssZhhpambp≈ ssh‡nIamb
sFIyw apJm`napJamb CuizcZ¿i\w, \nXyamb B\µw, D∞m\w sNbvX hnip≤cpsS kz¿Kob
Hcpa F∂nhbmWv ss{Ikv X hZ¿i\a\pkcn®v \nXyPohs‚ A¥kØ. \nXyPoh≥ Hcp
{]tXyIÿew F∂Xns\°mƒ a\pjy AkvXnXzØns‚ ]q¿WXbmWv. F{Xam{Xw kt¥mjw
Cu temI PohnXØn¬ a\pjy\v e`n®mepw AXnt\°mƒ D]cnbmb H∂n\pth≠n Zmln°p∂
a\pjys\bmWv ss{IkvXhZ¿i\w AhXcn∏n°p∂Xv.
3) ]q¥m\w IhnbXbpw ss{IkvXhZ¿i\hpw
]q¥m\w IhnXsbss{IkvXhZ¿i\w kzm[o\n®n´n√ F¶nepw ss{IkvXhZ¿i\Øns‚ ]e LSIßfpw
]q¥m\w IhnXbn¬ ImWmhp∂XmWv. ë\ns‚ ssZhambI¿Ømhv Rm\mWv Rm\√msX as‰mcp
ssZhw \n\°v D≠mIcpXví F∂v H∂masØ Iev]\bpsS ASnÿm\Øn¬ ss{IkvXhZ¿i\w
]Tn∏n°ptºmƒ DÆnIrjvW≥ a\ n¬ Ifn°ptºmƒ DÆnIƒ a‰v
thWtama°fmbvîF∂mWv⁄m\∏m\bn¬ ]q¥m\w tNmZn°p∂Xv.
""\o¿t∏mft]msebps≈mcptZlØn¬
ho¿∏pam{Xap≠nßs\ ImWp∂p''î
F∂v a\pjyPohnXsØ°pdn®v ]q¥m\w ]dbptºmƒ `qanbn¬ a\pjys‚PohnXw In\mhpt]mse
IS∂pt]mhp∂p, cmhnse ]qhnSpIbpw sshIpt∂cw hmSpIbpw sNøp∂ hbense ]pjv]w t]msebmWv
a\pjyPohnXsa∂v ss{IkvXhZ¿i\w hy‡am°p∂p.
ì""k¬°¿ΩwsIm≠v taevt]m´pt]mbh¿
kz¿§Øn¶encp∂vkpJn°p∂p''î
F∂v ]q¥m\w AhXcn∏n°ptºmƒ acWw hcpsamcp\mƒ Hm¿°pIa¿Xym \o, IqsS t]mcpw \n≥
PohnXsNbvXnIfpw k¬IrXy߃ sNøpI \o AekXIqSmsX F∂XmWv ss{IkvXhho£Ww.
]q¥m\Øns‚ Z¿i\Øn\v kam\amb Z¿i\߃ ss__nfn¬ ImWp∂p. ssZha\pjy_‘sØ
kw_‘n®pap≈ kZp]tZißfmbncp∂p ss{IkvXhZ¿i\Øns‚bpw ]q¥m\w IhnXbpsSbpw ImX¬
F∂Xn\memImw Cu bmZr›nIamb GI`mhw ssIh∂Xv.
\n¿hrXnZmbIamb ssZha\pjykamKaØn\v D]bp‡amb coXnbn¬ a\pjy\v kzbwshfns∏SpØp∂
coXnbn¬ ssZhw F∂pw AXoh X¬]c\mWv. ssZhØns‚ Cu BflmhnjvImcw a\pjyh¿KØn¬
apgph\pw ÿe˛Ime˛kwkvImc˛aX ]cnanXIƒ°XoXambn hym]n®pInS°p∂ bmYm¿∞yamWv.
ss__nƒ hnhcWa\pkcn®v ssZhm\p`hØns‚ Bhnjv°mcw IqSpX¬ {]ISn∏n® hy‡nIfmWv
{]hmNI∑mcpw \ymbm[n]∑mcpw. ss__nfneqsS {]ISamIp∂ ssZhmhnjvImcw D¬°Samb
ssZhkvt\lØnte°pw \nc¥camb ssZhaaXbnte°pw a\pjys\ B\bn°phm≥ ]cym]vXamIp∂p.
""DØa]pcpjm \ns∂Iq∏pt∂≥
sN¡pImcpWysa¶¬ ]peºphm≥
NntØtXm∂mØXns∂mcpImcWw
_p≤nsIm≠v hnNmcn®dn™p Rm≥''í
F∂v IpamclcWØneqsS ]q¥m\w hy‡am°p∂p. ssZhsØ Is≠Øm\p≈ a\pjy{iaw Xo¿Øpw
a\pjy{]tNmZnXa√. BXy¥nIambn AXv ssZh{]tNmZnXamWv. ssZhsØ At\zjn®v Is≠Øn
AhnSpsØ kv t \ln®v AhnSptØmsSmØv Pohn°m\mbn a\pjys\ ssZhw \nc¥cw
£Wn®psIm≠ncn°p∂p F∂v ss__nƒ ]Tn∏n°ptºmƒ
""H∂nepsamcp _‘an√msXbmbv
\n∂h≥Xs∂ hnizw Na®pt]m¬''î
F∂v ]q¥m\w hy‡am°p∂p. XßfpsS Ncn{XØn¬ hkn®psIm≠v XßfpsS kwc£I\pw

PESQUISA- International Journal of Research Vol.2, Issue-1, November 2016 130

 Research Paper ISSN-2455-0736 (Print)
Peer Reviewed Journal ISSN-2456-4052 (Online)
tamNI\pambn h¿Øn°p∂ XßfpsS kz¥amb ssZhw k¿∆mXoXs\¶nepw A\y\pw
AI∂h\pa√mbncp∂p. AhnSp∂v AhcpsS ]nXmhpw amXmhpambncp∂p F∂v ss__nƒ
hy‡am°ptºmƒ
""R߃°—\paΩbpap≠t√m
R߃ t]mIbns√∂padn™mepw''
F∂mWv sshIpWvTZ¿i\Ønencn°p∂ ss]X߃ Dds° ]mSp∂Xv. ]q¥m\Øns‚ Z¿i\
]›mØehpw ss{IkvXhZ¿i\ ]›mØehpw XmZmflyw {]m]n°p∂ kmlNcy߃ ]q¥m\w
IrXnIfn¬ Is≠Øm≥ Ignbpw. Kpcphmbqc∏s‚ ]mZßfn¬ \nXyhpa¿®\ \SØp∂ Hcp `‡s\bmWv
]q¥m\Øn¬ ImWp∂Xv. F∂n´pw Hcp Ip™n°mep ImWm≥ `mKyw e`n°msX Gsd {]m¿∞\Iƒ
\SØn Ahkm\w Xs‚ GIk¥Xn AImeØn¬ s]men™p t]mb Imgv N I≠v lrZbw
s]m´pamdp®Øn¬ \nehnfn°p∂Xn\p ]Icw F√mw Cuizc]mZßfn¬ ka¿∏n°p∂ Hcp km[mcW
a\pjys\bmWv ]q¥m\w AhXcn∏n°p∂Xv. ss__nƒ hnhcWØn¬ \oXnam\mb tPm_ns‚ kl\w
CXn\v DØa DZmlcWamWv. BSpamSpIfpw a°fpw \jvSs∏´v icocw apgph≥ IpjvTtcmKw _m[n®v
IpSpw_Øn¬ \n∂pw kaqlØn¬ \n∂pw ]pdwX≈s∏´h\mbn amdnb \oXnam\mb tPm_ns\
kw_‘n®v Cu kl\ kacØn¬ ssZhw X∂p ssZhw FSpØp Ahs‚ \maw alXzs∏Ss´ F∂p
]dbp∂Xpt]mse Xs∂bmWn hnhcWw.
ë ""Xncp\ma߃ \mhnt∑set∏mgpw
]ncnbmXncn°Ww \ΩpsS
\cP∑w k^eam°oSphm≥''í
F∂p {]m¿∞n°p∂ ]q¥m\Øn¬ \mw ImWp∂Xv . C∂se hsc kpJkuIcyßfpsS
a´p∏mhnencp∂v PohnXw BkzZn®ncp∂ tPm_v C∂v Nmc°qºmcØnencp∂v Hm´pIjW߃sIm≠v
icocw am¥n°odp∂ ImgvN ss__nƒ hnhcn°p∂Xp t]mseXs∂bmWv "amfnI apIfnencn°p∂
a∂s‚tXmfn¬ amdm∏ptI‰p∂Xpw `hm≥'í F∂v ]q¥m\w AhXcn∏n°p∂Xv. ssZhXncpapºn¬
\oXn {]h¿Øn°p∂h\pw kl\w D≠mIpsa∂v ss__nƒ AhXcn∏n°ptºmƒ ]q¥m\w
IpamclcWØneqsS
"Atøm Rm≥ sNbvX ]pWyßsfms°bpw s]mømbnt´m hcp∂Xpaoizcm'îF∂mWvtNmZn°p∂Xv.
]q¥m\Øns‚ Z¿i\Øns‚ ASnÿm\ambn \n¬°p∂Xv tIcfØnse `‡n{]ÿm\ambncp∂p.
tIcfØns‚ `‡nkmlnXyØns‚ BZym¶pcW߃ {]Xy£s∏´Xv aX]camb ]m´pIfnembncp∂p.
\mS≥ ]m´pIfneqsS AhXcn∏n°s∏´ `‡nNn¥ FgpØ—≥ IrXnIfneqsSbpw ]q¥m\ØneqsSbpw
]q¿WXbn¬ FØn \n¬°p∂p. ]utcmlnXyhpw \mSphmgnØhpw A¶hpw AwK\bpw sNt¶m¬
hmWncp∂ IemthZnbn¬ [¿tΩmZvt_m[\Øns‚ Imlf[z\nbpambn {]X£s∏´ ]q¥m\w IrXnIƒ
P\ßfn¬ CuiztcmïpJX hf¿Øm≥ klmbn® IhnXIfmbncp∂p. km[mcW°msc `‡nelcnbn¬
hf¿Øm\mWv ]q¥m\w ]cn{ian®Xv.
]q¥m\Øns‚ {]YaIrXnbmWv k¥m\tKm]mew ]m\. `mKhXw ZiakvIµw 89˛mw A≤ymbw 22
apX¬ 66 hsc t«mIßfn¬ hnhcn®ncn°p∂ Cu sNdnbIY ]q¥m\Øns‚ ssIøn¬ `mhs]mena
ssIh∂ Hcp JfiImhyambn ]cnWan®p. \mSIob kwhn[m\amWv ]q¥m\w Cu IrXnbn¬
\n¿∆ln®ncn°p∂Xv. aqeIYbnse IYm]m{Xßsfsb√mw hy‡nXz hnImktØmsS ]q¥m\w
AhXcn∏n®ncn°p∂p.
""C∂n\n°nXphÆwhcphXn--
s\¥p_‘wIcpWmPe\nt[''
F∂ hn{]hnem]tØmsS Imhyw Bcw`n®ncn°p∂p. icIqSv \n¿ΩnXn \SØp∂ A¿Pp\\mIs´
Cuizcs\ IqSmsX F√mw X\n°p Ignbpsa∂ K¿∆Øn¬ Al¶cn°p∂p. cm{Xnapgph≥ A≤zm\n®n´pw
Hcp ]c¬ ao\ns\t∏mepw In´msX Xnt_cntbmkv ISens‚ XocØncn°p∂ henbap°ph\mb
]t{Xmkns\∏‰nbpw ss__nƒ C{]Imcw ]Tn∏n°p∂p. ssZhsØ IqSmsXbp≈ a\pjys‚ A≤zm\߃
\njv^eßfmIp∂p. A]cs‚ ap≥]n¬ A]am\nX\mb A¿Pp\≥ BfllXys°mcpßptºmƒ

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Peer Reviewed Journal ISSN-2456-4052 (Online)

""HcptIm]wsIm≠tßm´pNmSnbm
encptIm]wsIm≠ntßm´p t]mcmtam''î
F∂p tNmZn®p sIm≠v ]n≥Xncn∏n°p∂ IrjvWs‚ ImcpWy ]q¿∆amb ISm£sØ∏‰n ]q¥m\w
hnhcn°ptºmƒ ]m]w sNbvXv XI¿∂ ZmhoZns\ A\p{Kln°p∂ ssZhsØ∏‰n ss__nƒ
hnhcn°p∂p. `‡nkm[\bn¬ apgpIp∂ km[mcW a\pjy¿°v AhcpsS kz¥w Zu¿_eyw sIm≠pw
kmlNcyØns‚ {]XnIqeX sIm≠pw ]eXcw hnLv\ßtfbpw ]cmPb i¶Itfbpw t\cntS≠nhcpw
F∂v k¥m\tKm]mew hy‡am°ptºmƒ \oXnam\mb a\pjys‚ kl\sØ∏‰n ss__nfn¬
hnhcn°p∂ tPmk^ns‚ Ncn{Xw hyIvXam°p∂p .
""C°Y ]Tn®nSpw P\߃°pw
BkvYtbmSnXp tIƒ°pw P\߃°pw
]p{XkºØ[nIap≠mbvhcpw
A¿XvYan{XIf{XmZnkuJyhpw'' î
F∂v ]q¥m\w hnhcn°ptºmƒ {]amW߃ A\pkcn°p∂h≥ ]mdta¬ `h\w ]WnX hnthInbmb
a\pjy\v Xp√y\msW∂mWv ss__nƒ ]Tn∏n°p∂Xv. sshIpWvTZ¿i\Øn\p kam\amb Z¿i\w
ss__nfn¬ hnhcn®ncn°p∂ ss{Ikv X hZ¿i\Øn¬ Is≠Øm≥ Ignbpw. aeapIfn¬ h®v
{InkvXphns‚ cp]m¥coIcWw I≠ injyïm¿ \ap°v ChnsSbmbncn°p∂Xv \√XmWv F∂v ]d™Xn\v
kam\amWv sshIpWvTZ¿i\Øn¬ \nehnfn°p∂ A¿Pp\\n¬ ImWp∂Xv. sshIpWvTZ¿i\w I≠
A¿Pp\≥
""ChnSwhn´pt]mhms\\ns°mcp
hgnbmbXn°≠nXpssZhta''î
F∂mWp {]m¿∞n°p∂Xv. hn{]s‚ ]p{XhntbmKIY ]q¥m\Øn\v kz¥w IYbmbmWv A\p`hs∏´Xv.
B‰pt\m‰p≠mb kz¥w ]p{X≥ ssiihØn¬ Xs∂ hn¿∏pam{Xan√msX ZrjvSn\n¿Øn°nS°p∂ ImgvN
t\cn´pI≠v lrZbw ]nf¿∂v IhnsbbmWv Cu hn{]\n¬ \mw ImWp∂Xv.
]q¥m\Øns‚ G‰hpw {]kn≤amb IrXn ⁄m\∏m\bmWv. kmam\y P\ßsf DZvt_m[n∏n°phm≥
Dt±in®v efnXambn hnhcn®n´p≈ ImhyamWv ⁄m\∏m\. {Inkv X phns‚ {]t_m[\ßfpw
km[mcW°mcmb a\pjy¿°p th≠nbmbncp∂p. .kaqlØns‚ D∂Xt{iWnbn¬ \n∂v
]pd¥≈nbncp∂ Np¶°mcpw ap°phïmcpambncp∂p {InkvXphns‚ injyKWßfn¬ `qcn`mKhpw.
hy`nNmcØn¬ ]nSn°s∏´hsf Is√dnbp∂Xn\p]Icw IcpW ImWn°pIbpw kaqlw shdpØ
Np¶°mcs‚ `h\Øn¬ AØmgapÆpIbpw sNbvXv ss{IkvXhZ¿i\Øns‚ ]pXnb am\߃
efnXamb `mjbn¬ {Inkv X p AhXcn∏n®Xp t]mse efnXamb `mjbn¬ DXv I rjv S amb
sslµhZ¿i\߃ ⁄m\∏m\bneqsS ]q¥m\w AhXcn∏n®ncn°p∂p. tbiphns‚ \maw hnfn°pI
\obpw \ns‚ IpSpw_hpw c£n°s∏Spw F∂v ss__nƒ ]Tn∏n°ptºmƒ ⁄m\ØnseØnt®cm\p≈
^e{]Zhpw Ffp∏hpamb am¿§w \ma k¶o¿Ø\amsW∂v ⁄m\∏m\ hy‡am°p∂p.
""Xncp\ma߃ \mhnt∑set∏mgpw
]ncnbmsXbncnt°Ww \ΩpsS
\cP∑w k^eam°oSphm≥''í
F∂mWv ]q¥m\w ]mSp∂Xv. a\pjyP∑w ]mgm°n°fmbmXncn°m\pff BZyhgn \ma k¶o¿Ø\
P]amWv . . ss{Ikv X hZ¿i\Ønse H∂masØ Iev ] \bpsS A\pkcWhpambn Cu `mKw
_‘s∏´ncn°p∂p. a\pjyPoh≥ kºØpsIm≠√ [\yamIp∂Xv F∂v t`mj\mb [\nIs‚
D]abneqsS s__nƒ ]Tn∏n°ptºmƒ
"c≠p\mepZn\w sIms≠mcpØs\ X≠nte‰n \SØp∂Xpw `hm≥'í
F∂v ]q¥m\w ⁄m\∏m\bneqsS AhXcn∏n®ncn°p∂p. a\pjy≥ krjvSnbpsS aIpSamsW∂v
ss__nƒ hniZam°ptºmƒ
"F{X P∑waeØn¬ Ign™Xpw F{X P∑w PeØn¬ Ign™XpwÖa¿Ør P∑Øn¬ aptº Ign®p\mw'
F∂mWv ]q¥m\w AhXcn∏n°p∂Xv. `qanbn¬ Zo¿LImew Pohn°Wsa¶n¬ amXm]nXm°∑msc

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Peer Reviewed Journal ISSN-2456-4052 (Online)
_lpam\n°Wsa∂v ss{IkvXhZ¿i\w ]Tn∏n°ptºmƒ "AΩ°pw ]p\cNvO\pw `mcy°pw D◊m≥
t]mepw sImSp°p∂n√mNne¿'í˛F∂v ]q¥m\w Ip‰s∏SpØp∂p. "{_mlv a Wyw sIm≠v
Ip¥n®pIp¥n®p {_“mhpsa\ns°m∆msb∂pw Nne¿'íF∂v ]q¥m\w Ifnbm°ptºmƒ
tZhmebØns‚ apºn¬\n∂v {]m¿∞n°p∂ ^cntkbs‚ at\m`mhsØ Ip‰s∏SpØp∂ ss__nƒ
Z¿i\w ImWm≥ Ignbp∂p.
""A¿∞sa{X hfscbp≠mbmepw
Xr]vXnbmIma\kns∂mcpImew''í
F∂v ⁄m\∏m\bn¬ ]q¥m\w Xs‚ Z¿i\w hy‡am°ptºmƒ [\tamlamWv F√m XnïIƒ°pw
ImcWsa∂v ss{IkvXhZ¿i\w ]Tn∏n°p∂p. Xncp\ma amlmflyw hnhcn®p sIm≠mWv ]q¥m\w
Xs‚ `‡n∏m\ Ahkm\n∏n°p∂Xv.
k¥m\tKm]mew ⁄m\∏m\ F∂nh Ign™m¬ ]q¥m\Øns‚ G‰hpw {it≤bamb IrXnbmWv
`mjmI¿ÆmarXw. IhnbpsS A\p`h Nn¥Ifn¬ hnf™ Bibßfpw {]mbm[nIyØn¬
kw`hn°mhp∂ Nne cN\m cwKßfpw Cu IrXnbn¬ ImWp∂p. hma]pcw t£{XØn¬ Kpcphmbqc∏s\
{]XnjvTn®v PohnXm¥yw hsc At±lw `Pn®p t]m∂ncp∂p. hmbn°p∂hcn¬ hnjvWp`‡n hnfbn°pI,
`‡nbnte°v \bn°p∂ \maP]Øns‚ {][m\ysØ∏‰n DZvt_m[n∏n°pI F∂XmWv IhnbpsS
\n¿ΩmtWmt±yiyw. ss__nfnse Hmtcm{KŸßfpw Cuizc\nte°v a\pjys\ \bn°m\p≈
[¿Ω{]t_m[\ßfmWv F∂mWv ss{IkvXh Z¿i\w hy‡am°p∂Xv. {ioIrjvWmhXmcw apXep≈
IYIƒ Atßb‰w ssIøS°tØmSpw kwt£]W sshZKv Z ytØmSpw IqsS ]q¥m\w
AhXcn∏n°p∂Xp t]mse a\pjymhXmcØneqsS ]q¿Æ a\pjy\mbn AhXcn°p∂ ssZhØns‚
a\pjytcmSp≈ kvt\lØns‚ {]IS\ßfmWv ss__nfn¬ hnhcn®ncn°p∂ \mev kphntij߃.
]q¥m\Øns‚ XpS¿∂p hcp∂ \qs‰´v lcn, B\µ\rØw aqeXXzw, ]m¿∞kmcnYokvXhw,
alme£vaokvXhw, XpSßnb kvtXm{XIrXnIfnepw Hcp `‡s‚ hnImchnNmc߃ efnXamb `mjbn¬
AhXcn∏n°p∂p. a[pchpw efnXhpamb ]q¥m\Imhyßfpw Io¿Ø\ßfpw `‡s‚ CuiztcmïpJamb
A¿®\mkq\ßfmWv. `‡n Bflm¿∞X, Bflka¿∏Ww, timIw F∂o `mhßfn¬ \n∂mWv
]q¥m\w IrXnIfpsS D≈S°w cq]s∏´ncn°p∂Xv. km[mcW a\pjys‚ ssZhNn¥sb `mhZo]vXam°n
AhXcn∏n°m≥ `‡\mb ]q¥m\Øn\v Xs‚ IrXnIfneqsS Ign™p F∂XmWv At±lØns‚
IrXnIfpsS {]k‡n. a\pjys‚ ssZhNn¥sb `mhZo]vXam°n AhXcn∏n°m\p≈ {iaamWv ss__nƒ
hnhcWØnepw ImWp∂Xv.
D]kwlmcw
Z¿i\ßfpsS Dt±iysØbpw Z¿i\ßfpsS ASnbn¬ h¿Øn°p∂ at\m`mhsØbpw ASnkvYm\am°n
Cuizc Z¿i\w, a\pjy Z¿i\w, acWw, tam£w F∂nhsb°pdn®p≈ sslµh ss{IkvXh Z¿i\߃
Cu {]_‘Øn¬ AhXcn∏n®ncn°p∂p. ]q¥m\w IrXnIfnse Z¿i\hpw ss{IkvXh Z¿i\hpw Hcp
\mWbØns‚ c≠p hi߃ t]mse ImWmhp∂XmWv, kXyØns‚ IncW߃ c≠v Z¿i\ßfnepw
\ngen®p ImWp∂p. krjvSnbn¬ t{ijvTambXv a\pjy\msW∂ ]q¥m\ Z¿i\Øn\v kam\amWv
ss{Ikv X h Z¿i\hpw. a\pjys‚ ]caamb e£yw \nXyPoh≥ AYhm tam£amWv F∂
\nKa\Ønte°mWv CcpZ¿i\ßfpw FØnt®cp∂Xv.

klmbI {KŸßƒ

1) Achnµ≥, ]q¥m\w IrXnIƒ, tIm´bw: Un.kn _pIvkv ,2008

2) IrjvWhmcy¿, F≥.hn , ⁄m\∏m\ ˛AhXmcnI
tIm´bw: \mjW¬_p°vkvdvdmƒ ,1973
3) tKm]n°p´≥ ,s{^m^,⁄m\∏m\ ]T\hpw hymJym\hpw,
tIm´bw Id‚ v _pIvkv ,2009
4) NpΩm¿ ,Sn.Fw., ]ZykmlnXy Ncn{Xw ,
tIm´bw: \mjW¬ _p°v mƒ ,1936

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5) ]n.H.kn ItØmen°mk`bpsS aXt_m[\{KŸw,

sIm®n: tIcfm ImØenIv _nj]vkv Iu¨kn¬,2005
6) ]pcptjmØa≥ ,sNdpIp∂w .]q¥m\hpw `‡n{]ÿm\hpw ,
Xncph¥]pcw : tIcf`mjm C≥Ãn‰yq´v ,2000
7) amXyp sh≈m\n°¬,ss__nƒ hn⁄m\tImiw ,tIm´bw:1988
8) cmPohv hn., ⁄m\∏m\bpw \mcmbWobhpw,
tIm´bw \mjW¬ _p°mÃmƒ ,1989
9) cm[mIrjvW≥, taem‰q¿ (kºm.) ]q¥m\w `‡nbpw hn`‡nbpw ,
tImgnt°mSv : amXr`qan _pIvkv ,2009
10) cm[mIrjvW≥ Fkv , `mcXobZ¿i\w . tImgnt°mSv ,amXr`qan ]ªntjgvkv ,1996
11) hmkptZh≥apk¥v, sI., ]q¥m\w IrXnIƒ ,tImgnt°mSv: ]n .sI {_tZgvkv ,1952
12) hnXbØn¬ tPmk^v .ss{IkvXhhn⁄m\obw. sIm®n:
sI.kn._n.kn am v aoUnb IayqWnt°j≥,1987
13)hniz\mY≥ \ºqXncn.]n.hn ⁄m\∏m\ .tIm´bw : kmcYn ]ªntjgvkv,2001

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