Ie 31211

B.E.IB.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY/JUNE 2007.

Fourth Semester

Chemical Engineering

CH 1251- CHEMICAL PROCESS CALCULATIONS

(Regulation 2004)

Time : Three hours Maximum: 100 marks

Answer ALL questions.

PART A - (10 x 2 = 20 marks)

1. It is necessary to store I kg mole of methane at a temperature of 50 dec C and

a pressure of 600 atm. What is the volume of the vessel that must be provided?
2. Give the vanderwaal's equation and explain the terms.
3. State three reasons for using a recycle stream in a chemical process.
4. State the uses ofhwnidity chart.
5. Define molal and absolute humidity,
6. What is orsat analysis?
7. Define theoretical flame temperature.
8. What do you understand by the term internal energy of a system? How is it
related to the enthalpy of the system?
9. How is the heat capacity of solids calculated using kopp's rule?
10. What are the. different methods used for calculating the heat of reaction?
PART B - (5 x 16 = 80 marks)

11. (a) (i) Pure water and alcohol are mixed to get a 60% (weight) alcohol
solution. The densities in Kg/m> of water, alcohol and the solution
may be taken as 998, 798 and 895 respectively at 293 K. Calculate
the following:
(1) Volume percent of ethanol in the solution at 293K (4)
(2) Molarity and Molality. (6)
(ii) A certain organic compound is found to contain 81.5% C, 4.9% H
and 13.6% N by weight. If the molecular weight of the compound is
103, Determine the molecular formula of the compound. (6)
Or
 (b) (i) A flue gas has the following percent composition by volume:
C02 -14,802- 0.5, CO -2, 02 - 2.5 and N2 - 8l.
Determine
(1) The average molecular weight of the gas.
(2) The composition of gas in weight percent
(3) The density of the gas at 320 K and 1.5 bar
(4) The specific gravity at 320 K and 1.5 bar
(ii) 100 m3/hr of an ammonia-air mixture containing 20% ammonia by
volume is admitted to an absorption column at 120 KPa and 300 K
in order to recover ammonia by adsorbing in water. 90 percent of
ammonia in the entering gas is absorbed and the gas leaves the
column at 100 KPa and 280 K. What is the volume of gas leaving in
one hour?

12. (a) (i) An aqueous solution of Na2COs contains 15% carbonate by weight.
80% of the carbonate is recovered as Na2COs. 10 H20 by
evaporation of water and subsequent cooling to 278 K. The
solubility of Na2COs at 278 K is 9.0% (weight). On the basis of
100 kg of solution treated, determine the following:
(1) The quantity of crystals formed
(2) The amount of water evaporated (12)
(ii) Explain bypassing and purging. (4)

Or

(b) Lime stone mixed with coke is being burnt in a kiln. An average analysis
of the limestone is CaC03 = 84.5%, MgC03 = 11.5% and the rest inerts.
The coke contains 76.0% carbon, 21 % ash and 3 % moisture. The
calcinations of CaC03 is only 95% complete and that of MgC03 is 90%.
The carbon in the coke is completely burnt to C02. the kiln is fed with
one Kg of coke per 5 Kg oflimestone. Calculate the weight percent ofCaO
in the product leaving the kiln. Assume that the moisture in the feed is
completely vaporized. (16)

13. (a) (i) Carbon monoxide combines with chlorine in the presence of a
suitable catalyst to form phosgene according to the following
reaction.
CO (g) + Cla (g) ~ COCh (g).
After reaction, the products contained 12 moles of phosgene, 3
moles of chlorine and 8 moles of carbon monoxide. Calculate the
following:
(1) The percent excess reactant used
(2) The percent conversion of the limiting reactant (6)

2 C 3121
 (ii) Air at a temperature of 20 deg C and 750 mm Hg has a relative
humidity of 70%. Calculate
(1) The molal humidity
(2) The molal humidity of this air if its temperature is reduced to
10 deg C and pressure increased to 2000 m.m Hg condensing
out some of the water.
(3) Weight of the water condensed from 1000 lit of the original
wet air. (10)

Or

(b) (i) Explain the following terms:

(1) Dew Point
(2) Wet bulb temperature
(3) Humid volume
(4) Percentage humidity. (8)
(ii) A material is to be dried from 15% moisture by weight (wet basis) to
0.5% by circulation of hot air. The fresh air contains 0.02 kg of
water/kg of dry air. Find the volume of fresh air required if
1000 kg/hr of dried material is to be produced.
The exit humidity of air is 0.09 kg of water/ kg of dry air. The air
enters at 301 K and at atmospheric pressure. (8)

14. (a) Propane is burned with excess air to ensure complete combustion. If
55 Kgs of C02 and 15 kgs of CO are obtained when propane is completely
burned with 500 Kgs air, Determine the following:
(i) The mass of propane burnt (in kilo grams)
(ii) The percent excess air
(iii) The composition of flue gas. (16)

Or

(b) (i) Explain the terms

(1) Heat capacity at constant volume
(2) Heat capacity at constant pressure. (6)
(ii) Calculate the amount of heat given off when I m3 of air at standard
condition cools from 600 deg C to 100 deg C at constant pressure
Cp (air) = 6.386 + 1.762 x 10.3 T - 0.2656 x 10~ T2
Cp - kcal/ kmole K and T in K. (10)

3 C 3121
15. (a) (i) Write a note on Hess's law. (6)
(ii) Calculate the heat of formation of CaH.sOaO>
using Hess's Law.
Data:
C (s) + 02 (g) ~ C02 (g) !::.H = 393.51 KJ/mol
H2 (g) + 1h 02 (g) ~ H20 (l) !::.H = 285.83 KJ/mol
CaBaOa 0> + 3.5 02(g) ~ 3C02 (g) + 4 H20!::. H = -1659.10 KJ I mol.
(10)

Or

(b) Hydrogen gas is burned in an adiabatic reactor with two times the
theoretical quantity of air, both air and hydrogen being at 298 K.
initially. What will be the temperature of the reaction products? The
standard heat of formation of gaseous water is -241.826 KJ/mol.
The heat capacities (KJlKmol K) of the gases are given below:
(16)
-
Water vapour: Cp = 30.475 + 9.652 x 10-3T+ 1.189 X 10-6'J'2
Nitrogen: Cp = 27.034 + 5.815 x 10-3T - 0.2889 X 10-6'f2
Oxygen: Cp = 25.611 + 13.260 x H)-3 T - 4.2077 x 10-6'f2

4 C 3121
 I J 31221
B.EJB.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATIONrMAY/JUNE. 2009 ..

Fourth Semester

Chemical Engineering

CH 1251- CHEMICAL.PROCESS CALCULATIONS

(Regulation 2004)

Time : Three hours Maximum: 100 marks

(Steam Tables may be allowed)

Make Suitable Assumptions, if necessary.

Answer ALL questions.

PART A - (10 x 2 = 20 marks)

1. The volumetric flow rate of a liquid of specific gravity 0.8 is 120 fV/min., find
the mass flow rate in kgls.

2. Find the value of gas constant R in ft3 atmllbmolo R.

3. Write pseudo critical properties of gas mixture.

4. Classify the material balance problem.

5. For Reaction P + 2Q -+ 3R. Express molar rate of consumption of P in terms of

Q and R.

6. Differentiate Conversion and Yield.

7. Define "Relative humidity" and "Percent humidity".

8. What are the things that would be found from proximate analysis of coal?
 -
-c--

9. Heat capacity of a solid compound a room temperature is approximately equal

to the sum of the heat capacities of the individual elements - Say True or false.
Justify your answer.

10. Define "Standard heat of formation".

PART B - (5 x 16.= 80 marks)

11. (a) (i), For fluids in turbulent motion through tubes, the heat transfer

coefficient is given as h ={ C~?: .• )" The numerical value of the

constant a = 10.1, when h is in Btu/(hr ft2 0 F), Cp is in Btul(lb 0 F),

G is in Ib/(ft2 s) and the D in ft. Determine the value of 'a'
(1) When h is measured in W/(m2 K) Cp is in kJ/(kg K), G is in
kgl(m2 s) and the D in m
(2) When h is measured in kcall(m2 h e C) Cp is in kcall(kg 0 C),
G is in kgl(m2 s) and the D in m. (8)

(ii) An aqueous solution is containing 20% by weight NaOH. The

density of 1.16 glcm3 at 20°C. Calculate the molarity of the solution.
(8)

Or
(b) (i) 125 kg of the gas mixture is confined at 100°C and at 145 kPa. The
composition of the gas mixture is : C02 - 10%, CO H20 - 10%,
N2 - 65% and 02 - 5%. Calculate the volume occupied by the
mixture in mS. (12)
(ii) .Write short notes on Vapor Pressure Plots. (4)

12. (a) An aqueous solution of methanol contains 22% by wt. is in equilibrium

with its vapor at 80°C and 760 rom Hg pressure. Find the vapor
composition by mol percent. Assume ideal condition. The vapor pressure
of methanol at 80°C is 1.74 atm. Use steam tables for the vapor pressure
of water. (16)

Or
(b) (i) . A pure 34% solution is cooled to 20°C with out any los due to
evaporation, what will be the percentage yie1d of Galuber salt
(Na2S0 •.10fuO)? Solubility of the Sodium sulphate in water is
19.4 g:m per 100 gm of water. . (8)

2 J3122
 (ii) 100 kg moleslhr of a solution of ethylene di chloride in Toluene
containing 40 mole % ethylene di chloride is fed into the distillation
column. The distillate contains 92 mol % ethylene di chloride and
the bottom product contains 4 mol % ethylene di chloride. There is
no accumulation in the column. Calculate the rates of flow of the
top and the bottom products in kg molelhour and kg/hour. (8)

13. (a) A catalytic reactor is used to produce formaldehyde from methanol by the
reaction, CHsOH ~ HCHO + H2. A single pass conversion of 70% is
achieved in the reactor. The methanol is separated and recycled to the
reactor. Calculate the required feed rate of methanol in kmollhr for
500 kg/hr of formaldehyde produced. (16)

Or
(b) (i) What is wet bulb temperature? How does it differ from adiabatic
saturation temperature? (4)
(ii) A sample of C02 contains 0.050 kg mole of water vapor per kg mole
of C02 at a temperature of 35°C and a total pressure of 750 rom Hg.
(1) Calculate the relative saturation of the mixture.
(2) What is the percentage saturation of the mixture?
(3) Calculate the dew point of the mixture.
(4) Calculate the temperature to which the mixture must be
cooled in order to condense 50% of the water vapor under the
same pressure. (12)

14. (a) 100 kmol of Propane are fed to a combustion furnace along with
4284 kmol of air. Not all of the propane is burned in the furnace and both
CO and C02 are formed. If it is possible to do so without additional
information, Calculate the percent excess air supplied; if more
information is needed, state what it is. (16)

Or
(b) Write short notes on :
(i) Dalton's law and Amagat's law.
(ii) Key component.
(iii) Orsat analysis.
(iv) . Unsteady state energy balances.

3 J3122
15. (a) Compute the difference of enthalpy of chloroform between 273 and 500 K
at 1 atm. Chloroformvaporizes at 334 K
The given data: Specificheat of liquid is 1168kJlkmol K,
Latent heat is 29600 kJlkmol and
Cpvapor = 31.86 + 14.5 X 10-2T - 11.2 X 1()-6T2 kJlkmol K (16)

Or
(b) (i) Define Adiabatic Flame temperature. (4)
(ii) Calculate the theoretical flame temperature of a gas containing
. 22% CO and remaining N2when burnt with 100% excess air. Both
gas and air are initially at 25°C. The standard heat of combustion of
CO(g)at 25°C and 1 atm. Pressure is 67.64 KcaVgm mole. The mean
molal heat capacities in eal/gm mole OK with in temperature range
involved are as C02 -11.82,02 -7.9 and N2-7.5. (12)

4 JSl22
 Reg. No.: I I I I I I I I I I I I

B.E.IB.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION,.APRIlfMAY 2008.

Fourth Semester

Chemical Engineering

CH 1251 - CHEMICAL PROCESS CALCULATIONS

(Regulation 2004)

Time : Three hours Maximum: 100 marks

Answer ALL questions.

(Steam tables/charts, Humidity tables/charts permitted)

PART A - (10 x 2 = 20 marks)

1. Explain Intensive property and Extensive property with an example.

2. Calculate the volume of 15 kg of chlorine at a pressure of 0.9 bar and 293 K

assuming ideal gas law.

3. What are limiting and Excess reactant? Give an example.

4. Indicate Recycle, By pass and purging operation in a chemical manufacturing

scheme.

5. Explain Relative humidity and percentage humidity.

6. '. Explain Bubble point and dew point with a diagram.

7. What are proximate and ultimate analysis of coal?

8. What is meant by the term "mean heat capacities of gases?

9. Define "Standard heat of reaction".

!

10. What is meant by "Theoretical flame temperature and adiabatic flame

temperature"?
 PART B - (5 x 16 = 80 marks)

11. (a) (i) A gaseous mixture analysing CH4 = 10%, C2HG = 30% and the rest
H2 at 15°C and 1.5 atm is flowing through an equipment at the
rate of 2.5 m3/min. Find:
(1) The average molecular weight of the gas mixture
(2) Weight % and
(3) The mass flow rate. (2 + 3 + 3 = 8)

(ii) Combustion gases having the following molal compositions are

passed into an evaporator at 200°C and 743 mm Hg, (N2 =79.2%;
O2=7.2%; CO2 =13.6%) water is added to the stream as vapour
and the gases leave at 85°C and 740 mm Hg, with the following
composition N2 = 48.3%, O2 =4.4%; H20 =39%. Calculate:

(1) Volume of gases leaving the evaporator per 100 litres of gases
entering and

(2) Weight of water added per 100 litres of gas entering.

(4 + 4 = 8)

Or
(b) (i) A natural gas has the following composition by volume
CH" = 83.5%, C2H6 =12.5% and N 2= 4%. Calculate the following:

(1) Composition in mole % (2)

(2) Composition in weight % (2)
(3) Average molecular weight (2)

(4) Density at standard condition in kg/m''. (2)

(ii) Absorbing chlorine in milk of lime produces calcium hypochlorite.

A gas produced by the Deacon process enters the absorption
apparatus at 740 mm Hg and 297 K. The partial pressure of
chlorine gas is 59 mm Hg and the remainder being inert gas. The
gases leaves at 299.7 K and 743 mm Hg with chlorine having a
partial pressure of 0.5 mm Hg. Calculate, by applying partial
pressure method
(1) volume of gases leaving per 100 litres of gases entering. (6)
(2) weight of chlorine absorbed. (2)

2 T3143
12. (a) (i) The exit gas from a phosphate reduction furnace analyzes P4 =8%;
CO = 89%; N2 = 3%; This gas is burnt with air under conditions
selectively to oxidize phosphorous. From the flue gas, the oxides of
phosphorous precipitate on cooling and is separated from the
remaining gas. Analysis of the latter shows CO2 = 0.9% ;
CO = 22.5% N2 = 68%; 02 = 8.6%. Assume oxidation of phosphorous
is complete and that it exists in the flue gas partly as P40S and
partly as P4010. Calculate :

(1) % of CO entering the furnace that is oxidized to C02 and (6)

(2) % of'P, that is oxidized to P4010• (6)

(ii) A tank of weak H2S04 contains 12.43% acid. If 200 kg of 77.7%

H2S04 are added to the tank and the final acid is 18.63%, how
many kg of weak acid have been made up? (4)

Or

(b) (i) A furnace using hydrocarbon fuel oil has a dry stack gas analysis as
follows:

CO2 = 10.2%; O2 = 8.3%; N 2 = 81.5%.

Find the following:

(1) % excess air used. (3)

(2) the composition of fuel oil in weight percent. (5)

(3) m3 of air suppliedlkg of fuel. (2)

(ii) The waste acid from a nitrating process contains 23% HN03;
57% H2S04 and 20% water. This acid is to be concentrated to
27% HN03• 60% H2S04 by addition of 93% H2S04 and 90%
HN03· Calculate the weight of acids needed to obtain 1000 kg of
desired acid. (6)

3 T3143
13. (a) (i) Air at a temperature of 20°C and 750 mm Hg has a relative
humidity of 80% Calculate:

(1) The molal humidity of air

(2) The molal humidity of this air if its temperature is reduced to

10°C and pressure increased to 2000 mm Hg condensing out
some of the water and

(3) Weight of water condensed from 1000 litre of the original wet
air.

Vapour pressure of water at 20°C = 17.5 mm Hg

Vapour pressure of water at 10°C = 9.2 mm Hg.

(4 + 4 + 4 = 12)

(ii) A mixture of acetone vapour and nitrogen contains 14.8% acetone

by volume. Calculate Yr and Yp at 20°C and 745 mm Hg. Vapour

pressure of acetone at 20°C = 184.8 mm Hg. (4)

Or

(b) (i) A material is to be dried from 16% moisture by weight (wet basis) to
0.5% by circulation of hot air. The fresh air contains

O.02 kg of water .
F' in d t h e vo1ume 0f fres h' alr . d
reqUlre
kg of dry air
if 1000 kg/hr of dried material is to be produced. The exit humidity

of air is 0.09 kg of water . The air enters at 301 K and at

kg of dry air
atmospheric pressure. (8)

(ii) Leather containing 100% of its own weight of water is dried by

means of air. The dew point of entering air is 4.44°C and that of
leaving air is 12.77°C. If 2000 kg of wet air is forced through the
drier per hour, how much kg of water is removed per hour.

Total pressure = 750 mm Hg.

Vapour pressure of water at 4.44°C = 6.3 mm Hg and at

12.77°C = 11 mm Hg. (8)

4 T 3143
14. (a) (i) The Orsat analysis of the flue gases from a boiler house chimney
gives CO2 =11.4%; O2 = 4.2%; N 2 = 84.4% (mole %). Assuming that
complete combustion has taken place (1) Calculate the % excess
air and (2) Find the C : H ratio in the fuel. (6)

(ii) The coal having the ultimate analysis (Carbon = 50.22%,

Hydrogen = 2.79%, Sulphur = 0.37%, Nitrogen = 2.05%,
Ash = 19.53%, Oxygen = 18.04% and Moisture = 7.00% all are
weight %) is burnt with 100% excess air. Calculate:

(1) Theoretical oxygen requirement per unit weight of coal

(2) The theoretical dry air requirement per unit weight of coal
and

(3) The wet and orsat analyses of flue gases when the coal is
burnt with 100% excess dry air. (3 + 3 + 4 = 10)

Or

(b) (i) Pure ethylene is heated from 30°C to 250°C at a constant pressure.
Calculate the heat added per kg mole. Cp of Ethylene = 2.83 +
(28.601 x 10-3)T - (87.26 X 10-7) T2. Where C p is in (Kcal/kg mole K)
and T is in K (4)

(ii) An evaporator is to be fed with 10,000 kg/hr of a solution having

1% solids. The feed is at 38°C. It is to be concentrated to 2% solids.
Steam at 108°C is used. Find the weight of vapour formed and the
weight of stream used. Enthalpies of feed are 38.1 Kcal/kg, product
solution is 100.8 Kcal steam is 540 Kcallkg and that of the vapour
kg
is 644 Kcallkg. (6)

(iii) Calculate the heat input to raise the temperature of 132 kg of C02
from 100°C to 1000°C. Perform the calculation in the following
ways:

(1) by integrating the expression for C p and

(2) bv
y usi . va 1ue C·p m ---- Kcal
using mean h eat capacity
kg mole K

(6)

5 T3143
15. (a) (i) Dry methane and dry air at 29B K and 1 bar pressure are burnt
with 100% excess air. The standard heat of reaction is
_B02_k_J_ of methane. Determine the final temperature
gmmole
attained by the gaseous products if combustion is
adiabatic and 20% of heat produced is lost to the surroundings.

C pm. values ( J ) for the components are 02 = 31.9,

gm moleK
N2 = 32.15; H20 = 40.19 and C02 = 51.79. (B)

(ii) The analysis of 15,000 litre of a gas mixture at standard condition

is as follows: 802 = 10%; 02 = 12% and N2 = 7B%. How much heat
must be added to this gas to change its temperature from 30°C to

425°C. The C p mean (Cpm) values are in Cal C (B)

gm mole?
802 02 N2
c.; at 30°C 10 6.96 6.BO
c.; at 425°C 11 7.32 7.12

Or

(b) A tank contains 10 kg of a salt solution at a concentration of 2% by

weight. Fresh solution enters the tank at a rate of 2 kg/min at a salt
concentration of 3% by weight. The contents are stirred well and the
mixture leaves the tank at a rate of 1.5 kg/min.

(i) Express the salt concentration as a function of time and (12)

(ii) At what instant of time the salt concentration in the tank will reach
2.5% by weight. (4)

6 T3143
 B.E.IB.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, NOVEMBERIDECEMBER 2006.

Fifth Semester

Chemical Engineering

CH 332 - CHEMICAL PROCESS CALCULATION

Time : Three hours Maximwn : 100 marks

Answer ALL questions.

PART A - (10 x 2 = 20 marks)

1. What will be the % Na20 content oflye containing 80% caustic soda?

2. Define weight fraction and mole fraction. If 2.925 g of NaCl and 19.1 g of sugar
are dissolved in 100 ml water calculate the number of moles of NaCI and
C12H12011.

3. Define partial pressure. How is it related with total pressure?

4. What do you understand by Universal Gas constant evaluate its value?

5. Write about Recycling and By passing operations.

6. Define 'Absolute Humidity' and explain Dehumidification.

7. Give the significance of Heat of Combustion.

8. Calculate the energy required for the heating of 1 litre of water from 35° C to
65° C.

9. Write about exothermic and endothermic reaction.

10. How calorific value of fuels are evaluated?

PART B - (5 x 16 = 80 marks)

11. (a) (i) Define molarity, normality and Molality.

(ii) A solution of NaCl in water contains 25% NaCI (by mass) at 323 K.
The density of the solution is 1.135 kg/litre. Find molarity,
normality and molality of the solution.
Or
 (b) Cracked gas from oil refinery has the following composition by volume.
CH4 = 45%, C2He = 10%, C2Ht = 25%,
CaHs = 7%, CaHe = 8%, C4HlO== 5%. Find

(i) The average molar mass of the gas mixture.

(ii) The composition by man and the specific gravity of the gas
mixture if the average molar man of air is 28.97.

12. (a) (i) An hydrous soda ash (Na2Coa) containing CaCOs as an impurity is
added to a precipitation tank for precipitating certain ions. After
precipitation, precipitate filtered and filtrate contains NruS =
6.85%, Na2COs = 2.25% and H20 = 90.9% calculate the Na2COa
added and Na2Co3reacted and % excess Nazflos supplied. (10)

(ii) Explain the following terms :

(1) % conversion

(2) % yield
(3) % selectivity. (6)

Or

(b) (i) In a concentration operation, 100 m-of an aqueous solution of a high

molecular at is used in put perday containing 5% solute with a
density of 1020 kg/m3• Calculate
(1) The feed entering in kg/day.
(2) Calculate the mass of the solute is kg.
(3) Calculate the mass of the water in kg.
(4) Calculate the water evaporated if the product contains 40%
solute. (12)

(ii) Write about material balance and its significance. (4)

13. (a) On a particular day in Mumbai, a newspaper reported the weather

conditions of the previous day as 308 K (350 C) DB, 80% RH and
barometric pressure of 100 kpa (750 Torr). Calcualte
(i) The absolute humidity. (4)
(ii) The Dew point. (4)
(iii) The percentage saturation and (4)
(iv) The Humid heat. (4)
(Hint : The vapour pressure of water at the DB temperature is 5.6216
Kpa.
Or

2 R8165
 ~q

'b) (i) Distinguish Evaporation and drying (5)

(ii) Write about HUmidity chart and relative humidity. (6)

(iii) Give the application of wet and dry bulb Thermometry. (5)

14. (a) (i) What do you mean by Thermal efficiency of a boiler. (4)

(ii) How automobile exhaust gases are analysed? (3)

(iii) Distinguish Net heating value and Gross heating values. (3)

(iv) Give the importance of Bomb Calorimeter and name its parts. (6)

Or

(b) (i) The ultimate analysis of a residual fuel oil sample (RFO) contains
C = 88.4%, H = 9.4%, S = 2.2% and the fuel is used in a power generating
boiler. Calculate the Theorelical 02 and N2 requirement and also evaluate
total dry air requirement. (8)

(ii) How fuels are characterised? Name some gaseous fuel. (4)

(iii) Write about adiabatic flame temperature. (4)

15. (a) (i) Write about heat capacity of solids and its significance. (4)

(ii) Give the importance of heat of reaction and heat of formation. (4)

(iii) Heat is liberated when 100 ml of 0.1 N Hcl and 100 ml of 0.1 NaOH
are mixed. Accounting for the energy liberation, Write the resulting
product. (4)

(iv) Latent heat sublimation is different from latent heat of fusion and
vaporisation-Account for this with example. (4)

Or

(b) Write notes on the following

(i) Distinguish Mass % and mole %. (3)

(ii) Specific gravity and its importance. (3)

(iii) Distillation and its importance with examples. (4)

(iv) Application of Thermochemistry in process industries. (3)

(v) Types of hydrometers used in petroleum and sugar industries. (3)

3 R8165
 IA 11011
B.E.IB.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY/JUNE 2006.

Fifth Semester

Chemical Engineering

CH 332 - CHEMICAL PROCESS CALCULATION

Time: Three hours Maximum: 100 marks

Answer ALL questions.

PART A - (10 x 2 = 20 marks)

1. Make the following conversion:

(a) Wavelength 5000 A to run

(b) HDPE density is 0.94 glcc into specific volume.

2. Calculate the molarity of a solution prepared by dissolving 34.2 gram of

in water to give 400 ml solution.
Sucrose C12H22011

3. Write the Van der Waals equation accounting non- ideal behaviour of the
gases.

4. Define 'Partial Pressure'.

5. Explain 'Relative humidity'.

6. What do you understand by Dew point?

7. What are the test conducted for proximate analysis?

8. Define heat capacity.

9. How much heat will be consumed to raise the temperature of 100 ml of water
from 30°C to 100°C.

10. Define heat of combustion and give its importance.

 PART B - (5 x 16 = 80 marks)

11. (i) An aqueous solution of a high molecular wt. solute is concentrated.

Study the line and box diagram and calculate the following: (10)
Feed 200 rns/day

Solute 4% -------1 Evaporator 1------- 30% solute

Density 1020 kg/m".

(1) Calculate the feed entering in kg/day.
(2) Calculate the mass of solute in kg.
(3) Calculate the mass water in kg.
(4) How much of water is leaving in the product?
(5) How much of water has been evaporated.
(ii) Explain by pass and recycle with a neat diagram. (6)
12. (a) (i) In an ultimate analysis of air dried coal the following results are
obtained: (8)
C = 54.0%
H2 = 3.0%
N2 = 2.2%
8=0.4%
02 (By difference) = 19.4%.
Calculate the percentage of ash? What could be the material in the
ash component? If 5 gram coal is fired how much ash is expected?
(ii) Differentiate GCV and NCV. (4)
(iii) Name some liquid fuels with their application. (4)

Or
(b) (i) An aqueous solution of NaCI contains 28 gram of NaCl per 100 cc of
solution at 25°C. Express the concentration of this solution in the
following terms. Density of the solution is 1.18 g/cc. (10)
(1) % NaCl by weight
(2) % H20 by wt.

(3) Mole fraction of NaCI and H20.

2 A 1101
 (ii) 50 ml of 0.1 HCI is reacted with 40 ml of 0.1 NaOH. At the end of
the reaction what are all the chemicals present in the system. Write
the balanced chemical reaction. (6)

13. (a) (i) Define 'psychrometry'

(ii) Write about absolute humidity and percentage absolute humidity.
(iii) How humid heat is related to absolute humidity?
(iv) What is the role of a dehumidifier in a modem instrumentation
laboratory? (3 + 5 + 4 + 4)

Or

(b) (i) Crude oil is found to contain 87.1% carbon 12.5% hydrogen and
0.4% sulphur (by mass). Its GCV at 25°C is measured to be
45070 kJlkg oil. Calculate its NCV at 25°C (Latent heat of water
vapour at 25°C is 2442.5 kJ/kg).

(ii) Define 'the stoichiometric amount of air in the combustion reaction

of fuels.

(iii) Write about Thermal efficiency of boiler.

14. (a) (i) Calculate the stoichiometric oxygen requirement for the following
coal with the mass given in kg. (10)
Carbon 50.22 kg
Hydrogen 2.79 kg
Sulphur 0.37 kg
Oxygen 18.04 kg
The Coal is bumed with 100% excess air.
Also calculate (1) the theoretical oxygen requirement per unit mass
of coal (2) The theoretical dry air requirement per unit mass of fuel

(ii) Write about the significance of orsat analysis. (6)

Or

(b) (i) Write about heat capacity of liquid mixtures. (4)

(ii) Explain API gravity and additive rule. (4)

(iii) Define exothermic and endothermic reaction with suitable

examples. (4)

(iv) Write short notes on Trouton's rule. (4)

3 A 1101
- PART B - (5 x 16 = 80 marks)

II. (i) An aqueous sol ution of a high molecular wt. solute is concentrated.
Study the line and box diagram and calculate the following: (10)
Feed 200 mS/day
Solute 4% I Evaporator I 30% solute

Density 1020 kg/m>.

(1) Calculate the feed entering in kg/day.
(2) Calculate the mass of solute in kg.
(3) Calculate the mass water in kg.
(4) How much of water is leaving in the product?
(5) How much of water has been evaporated.
(ii) Explain by pass and recycle with a neat diagram. (6)
12. (a) (i) In an ultimate analysis of air dried coal the following results are
obtained: (8)

C = 54.0%
H2 = 3.0%
N2 = 2.2%
S = 0.4%
02 (By difference) = 19.4%.
Calculate the percentage of ash? What could be the material in the
ash component? If 5 gram coal is fired how much ash is expected?
(ii) Differentiate GCV and NCV. (4)
(iii) Name some liquid fuels with their application. (4)

Or
(b) (i) An aqueous solution of NaCI contains 28 gram of NaCI per 100 ce of
solution at 25°C. Express the concentration of this solution in the
following terms. Density of the solution is 1.18 g/ec. (10)
(1) % NaCI by weight
(2) % H20 by wt.
(3) Mole fraction of NaCI and H20.

2 A 1101
 (ii) 50 ml of 0.1 HCI is reacted with 40 ml of 0.1 NaOH. At the end of
the reaction what are all the chemicals present in the system. Write
the balanced chemical reaction. (6)

13. (a) (i) Define 'psychrometry'

(ii) Write about absolute humidity and percentage absolute humidity.
(iii) How humid heat is related to absolute humidity?
(iv) What is the role of a dehumidifier in a modern instrumentation
laboratory? (3 + 5 + 4 + 4)

Or

(b) (i) Crude oil is found to contain 87.1% carbon 12.5% hydrogen and
0.4% sulphur (by mass). Its GCV at 25°C is measured to be
45070 kJlkg oil. Calculate its NCV at 25°C (Latent heat of water
vapour at 25°C is 2442.5 kJlkg).

(ii) Define 'the stoichiometric amount of air in the combustion reaction

of fuels.

(iii) Write about Thermal efficiency of boiler.

14. (a) (i) Calculate the stoichiometric oxygen requirement for the following
coal with the mass given in kg. (10)
Carbon 50.22 kg
Hydrogen 2.79 kg
Sulphur 0.37 kg
Oxygen 18.04 kg
The Coal is burned with 100% excess air.
Also calculate (1) the theoretical oxygen requirement per unit mass
of coal (2) The theoretical dry air requirement per unit mass of fuel

(ii) Write about the significance of orsat analysis. (6)

Or

(b) (i) Write about heat capacity ofliquid mixtures. (4)

(ii) Explain API gravity and additive rule. (4)

(iii) Define exothermic and endothermic reaction with suitable

examples. (4)

(iv) Write short notes on 'l'routon's rule. (4)

3 A 1101
15. (a) (i) Write the esterification reaction (stoichiometric) for the following:
(8)
C2HsOH (l) MIe = -326,700 Cal

CH3COOH (1) MIe = -208,340 Cal

cascoocsa, 0) MIe = -538,760 Cal.

Calculate the standard heat of reaction MI r from the heat of
combustion MI c of reactants and product value.

(ii) C3Hs, prepare gas has to be liquified for storage in stainless steel
cylinders 500 litres of the gas has to be liquified. Calculate the
amount in grams of liquid propane formed. The volume being
measured at standard conditions. Define the standard conditions.(8)

Or

(b) Write notes on : (4 x 4 = 16)

(i) Laws of Thermochemistry

(ii) Humidity chart and its uses

(iii) Theoretical flame temperature

(iv) % conversion, % yield and % selectivity in a chemical reaction.

4 A 1101
 A 205
B.E.IB.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, NOVEMBERJDECEMBER 2005.

Fifth Semester

Chemical Engineering

CH 332 - CHEMICAL PROCESS CALCULATION

Time : Three hours Maximwn : 100 marks

Answer ALL questions.

Humidity chart is permitted.

PART A - (10 x 2 = 20 marks)

1. Find the composition of air in weight percentage.

2. Find the value of R in two different units.

3. Define partial pressure and vapor pressure.

4. State Amagat's Law.

5. What are excess and limiting reactants?

6. Explain the terms 'Recycle' and 'Purge'.

7. Define percentage saturation.

8. Explain Orsat analysis offlue gas.

9. Give some examples for liquid fuels.

10. What is theoretical flame temperature?

PART B - (5 x 16 = 80 marks)
11. (i)

Find the mole % ofMg C03. Si02 and H20. (6)

 (ii) A hydrocarbon fuel for formula CxHv is burnt with excess air that is being
fed to the furnace at 850 mm Hg and 35° C. The analysis of exit gases is
as iven below:

Calculate

(1) % excess air and (2) Composition of fuel. (5 + 5 = 10)

12. (a) (i) A plant makes liquid C02 by treating dolomite with commercial
Sulfuric acid. The dolomite analyses as
I Ca c031 = 68% IMgCO~ = 30 % 1 Si02 1= 2%1

Calculate

(1) C02 produced in kilograms per ton of dolomite treated.

(2) Kgs of commercial acid required per ton of dolomite treated.

(5 + 5 = 10)

(ii) Strength of Phosphoric acid is 34% P20S. Calculate the actual

concentration. (6)

Or

(b) (i) When heated to 100°C at a pressure of 720 mm Hg, 17.2 gms of
N204 gas occupy a volume of 11.45 liters. Assuming that ideal gas
law applies find the percentage dissociation N204 to N2. (12)

(ii) Explain the Unsteady state material and Energy balances. (4)

13. (a) (i)

by blending
(1) A spent acid containing 11.3% HN03, 44% H2S04 and the rest
water.
(2) Aqueous HN03 (90%) and
(3) Aqueous H2S04 (98%).
Calculate the quantities of the three acids used for blending. (12)

(ii) Explain Hess's law. (4)

Or

2 A 205
 (b) (i) Calculate the amount of heat given off when 1 m3 of air at standard
conditions cools from 500° C to 100° C at constant pressure.

Cpe. (Kcal/Kg mol.°KJ = 6.386 + 1.726 x 10-2T - 0.27 x 1~ T2.

Where T is in oK. (12)

(ii) Discuss the effect of pressure and temperature on heat of reaction.

(4)

14. (a) (i) Find the theoretical flame temperature of a gas containing 30% CO
and 70% Ns when burnt with 1005 excess air. Both reactants enter
at 298° K (12)

6 Hr of C02 = -3.937 X 105 kJlkg mole

6 Hr of OO = -1.11 x 105 kJlkg mole

Temperature, ° K Average specific heats Cp-, in kJlkg mole? K
C02 02 N2
1200 49.4 33 31.2
1400 50.8 33.6 31.8

(ii) Write the use of Enthalpy - Concentration charts. (4)

Or

(b) (i) A wet solid, containing 60% water by weight is to be dried to a

product containing 9% of water. For each kg of solid (dry basis)
53.2 kg of dry air pass through the Drier and leaves at a humidity
of 0.05. The fresh air is supplied at a humidity of 0.015. Determine
the fraction of air recirculated. (12'

(ii) Explain Humidity and relative humidity. (4)

15. (a) A crystallizer is charged with 7500 kg of aq. solution at 104°C, 29.6%
weight of which is anhydrous sodium sulfate. The solution is cooled.
During the cooling operation 5% of water originally present is lost. As a
result wet crystals of Na2S04. 10H20 crystallizes out. The mother liquor
is found to contain 18.3% by weight of anhydrous salt. Calculate the yield
of crystals and the quantity of mother liquor. (16)

Or

3 A 205
(b) (i) A mixture containing 47.5% acetic acid and 52.5% water (by weight)
is being separated by Extraction in a counter-current multistage
unit. The operating temperature Is 24°C and the solvent used is
iso-propyl ether. Using the solvent in the ratio of 1.3 kg/kg of feed,
the final extraction composition on a solvent free basis is found to
be 82% by weight of acetic acid on a solvent free basis. Calculate the
percentage of acid of the original feed which remains unextracted.

(12)

(ii) Discuss the effect of pressure/temperature on Latent heat of

vaporization. (4)

4 A 205
 S210

B.E.IB.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, APRIUMAY 2005.

Fifth Semester

Chemical Engineering

CH 332 - CHEMICAL PROCESS CALCULATION

Time : Three hours Maximum: 100 marks

Answer ALL questions.

Humidity chart is permitted.

PART A - (10 x 2 = 20 marks)

1. Define weight fraction and molefraction. If 5.85 g NaCl, 18 g glucose and 34.2 g
sugar are dissolved in 100 ml water calculate the number of moles of NeCl,
CsH120s, C12H22011 in the solution.

2. Define specific volume and specific gravity.

3. Calculate the volume in cubic meter occupied by 40 kg of C02 at standard

condition.

4. Define partial pressure. Give the relation between total pressure and partial
pressure.

5. Explain Bypass and purge stream.

6. Define Humidity and Dew point.

7. Write a brief note on ultimate and proximate analysis.

8. What do you understand by the term 'Specific heat'? Why specific heat of
plastics are higher than metals.

9. Calculate the energy required to heat 5 mole of water from 30° to 100°C.

10. Give the importance of heat of combustion.

 PART B - (5 x 16 = 80 marks)

11. (i) In an analysis of gas mixture, the following data are obtained:

C02 = 20%, CO = 30%, CH4 = 40% and H2 = 10% at atmospheric pressure,

calculate the average molecular weight. (8)

(ii) A flue gas contains C02, 02 and N2 and the mole fractions are 0.14, 0.06
and 0.8 respectively. If the total pressure is 765 Torr calculate the
partial pressure of each component. (8)

12. (a) (i) Give the importance of study of material balance. (8)

(ii) 1000 kg of feed containing 10% Ethyl alcohol and 90% H20 was fed
into the distillation column, distillate product P is 0.1 of feed
containing 60% Ethyl alcohol and 40% water. If the bottom waste is
B. Write the total man balance for feed and distillate product and
bottom waste. Calculate the bottom waste of Ethyl alcohol and H20
(8)

Or

(b) (i) Discuss what do you understand steady state and unsteady-state
(transient) problems. (8)

(ii) 20 kg of C3Hs is burned with 400 kg of air to produce 44 kg of C02

and 12 kg of CO. What was the percent excess air used? (8)

13. (a) (i) Air is available at a DBT of 30°C and WBT of 25°C. Evaluate its
humidity, relative humidity, dew point, humid heat, humid volume
and enthalpy. (4 xl + 2 x 2 = 8)

(ii ) Air at a temperature of 20°C and a pressure of 750 mm Hg has a

relative humidity of 80%. If the vapour pressure of water in
17.5 mm Hg at 20° and 9.2 mm Hg at 10°C,calculate initial partial
pressure of water and partial pressure of dry air and partial volume
of dry air at standard condition considering 1000 cc volume unit of
original wet air. (8)

Or

(b) (i) How will you calculate the relative humidity of moist air and
indicate how humidity IS controlled In dry storage In
pharmaceutical industry? (5)

(ii) Write about humidification and gives its importance. (8)

(iii) What is the function of dehumidifier 10 a sophisticated

instrumentation lab where FI'IR is kept? (3)

2 S 210
14. (a) (i) Give a detailed account of Orsat analysis with schematic diagram.
(10)

(ii) How Orsat apparatus is used for automobile exhaust gas analysis?
(6)

Or

(b) (i) Give the method of determining the proximate analysis of coal.
Name the equipments to be used for the estimation of ash. (6)

(ii) 100 kg coal containing 90% carbon and rest ash is burn with 20%
/ excess air. 80% of coal burnt is converted to C02 and rest to CO.
Estimate the flue gas composition. (10)

15. (a) (i) What do you understand by Latent heat?

(ii) Explain Trouton's rule.

(iii) Lowering of enthalpy and increase in entropy favours dissolution.

Justify with equation. (5 + 5 + 6)

Or

(b) Write short notes on :

(i) Heat of neutralisation.

(ii) Calorific value and its determination.

(iii) Heats of formation and

(iv) Heats of solution. (4 x 4 = 16)

3 S 210
 IK 12281
B.E.IB.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, NOVEMBERIDECEMBER 2004.

Fifth Semester

Chemical Engineering

CH 332 - CHEMICAL PROCESS CALCULATIONS

Time: Three hours Maximum: 100 marks

Any missing Data may be suitably assumed Humidity chart is permitted.

Answer ALL questions.

PART A - (10 x 2 = 20 marks)

1. Define the various methods expressing the composition of mixtures.

2. Define average molecular weight for mixture gases.

3. State Van der Waal's gas equation.

4. Explain "Pure component volume" for a gas in a mixture.

5. Determine the value of R in SI units.

6. What is percentage humidity?

7. How does the heat capacity of a gas vary with temperature?

8. What is the heat of formation of Sulfur?

9. State few unsteady state operations.

-._
10. What is the law of conservation of energy?
 PART B - (5 x 16 = BO marks)

11. (i) Two persons calculate the average molecular weight of a flue gas sample.
First person used the correct molecular weight of Nitrogen and obtained
the value as 30.0B while the second person by mistake used the atomic
weight of Nitrogen and found the value as 18.74. Calculate the
composition the flue gas sample, if the other gases are carbon dioxide and
oxygen. (B)

(ii) How much potassium chlorate must be taken to produce the same
amount of oxygen that will be produced by 4.6 kg of mercuric oxide? (B)

12. (a) A crystallizer is charged with hot 6400 kg of an aqueous solution of 30%
sodi~ sulfate. The solution is cooled and during the process 10% of the
initial water evaporates. Glauber salt crystallizes and the mother liquor
from the unit leaves with a concentration of 1B%. Find the weights of the
three streams leaving the unit.

Or

(b) The waste acid from a nitrating process contains 23% Nitric acid, 57%
sulfuric acid and rest water. This acid is to be concentrated to 27% Nitric
acid, 60% Sulfuric acid and rest water, by addition of 93% Sulfuric acid
and 90% Nitric acid. Calculate the weights of three acids needed to make
95B1 kg of final acid.

13. (a) A tunnel drier is used to dry an organic paint. 1000 kg/hr of feed having
10% moisture is to be dried to 0.5% moisture. Air is passed counter
current to the flow of the paint. Air enters at 760 torr and 60°C with 10%
humidity, while it leaves at 750 torr and 35°C with 70% humidity. What
flow rate of fresh air is needed for the duty in cubic meter?

Or

(b) A solvent recovery system delivers a gas saturated with Benzene vapor
wl;Uchanalyze on a Benzene free basis as follows : CO - 15%, O2 - 4%
and the rest N 2. This gas is at 21°C and 750 torr. It is compressed to 5
bars and cooled to 21°C after compression. How many kg of Benzene are
condensed by this process per 1000 m3 of original mixture? The vapor
pressure of Benzene at 21°C is 75 mm Hg.

2 K1228
14. (a) A producer gas contains CO2- 9.2, C2 H4- 0.4, CO - 20.9, H2- 15.6,
CR. - 1.9 and rest Nitrogen by mole%. When it is burnt, the products of
combustion are found to contain CO2-10.8%, CO -0.4%, O2 -9.2% and
rest nitrogen. Calculate (i) mS of air/m" producer gas (ii) percent excess
air and (iii) percent nitrogen that has come from producer gas.

Or

(b) 500 kg/hr of pure sulfur is burnt with 20% excess air (based on the
reaction to sulfur dioxide). 5% of the 8 is oxidized to 80s and rest to
802, Find the exit gas analysis.

15. (a) 802 is oxidized in 100% excess air with 70% conversion to 80s. The
gases enter the converter at 400°C and leave at 450°C. How many kcals
are absorbed in the heat exchanger provided in the converter per kgmole
of 802 sent? Mean Cp values are as follows: 80s- 15.5, 802 - 11.0,
O2 - 7.5 and N 2 - 7.1 in cal/gmole'tC. Heat of reaction for the conversion
of 802 to 80a is ~23490 kca1/kgmole.

Or

(b) Calculate the theoretical flame temperature for CO burnt at constant

pressure with 100% excess air. The reactants enter at 100°C. The mean
capacities are for CO - 6.981 and for air - 6.993 cal/gmmole=C, The heat
of reaction at 298 K - 67636 callgmole.

Atomic weights: C- 12, H-1, 0-16, N -14, 8-32, K-39, Na-23,

Hg-200.

3 K 1228
 J 171

B.E.IB.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, APRII1MAY 2004.

Fifth Semester

Chemical Engineering

CH 332 - CHEMICAL PROCESS CALCULATIONS

Time: Three hours Maximum: 100 marks

Answer ALL questions.

PART A - (10 x 2 = 20 marks)

1. 230 gram of NaCl is present in 1 litre solution at 25°C. Density of solution is
1.148. Calculate the composition in wt percent.

2. Calculate 'R' universal constant in the ideal gas law.

3. Explain % conversion, % yield and, % selectivity.

4. How are moisture contents in a solid defined?

5. Define Molal Humidity. How many ml of water are there in 1 mole of water?

6. Define dew point of a mixture. Will it be affected by temperature?

7. What is Proximate analysis and mention its use.

8. Write down the input and output data in material balance of a furnace
operation.

9. Define specific heat.

10. Explain Standard Heat of reaction, exothermic and endothermic reaction.

, - ,. PART B - (5 x 16 = 80 marks)

11. (i) Ethyl alcohol (l) Mic = -326, 700 Cal, reacts with acetic acid (l)
L\Hc = -208, 340 cal to give ethyl acetate (l) MI c = -538, 760 Cal.
Write the equation stoichiometrically. Calculate the standard heat of
reaction L\Hr from the heats of combustion Mic of reactants and
products values. (8)

(ii) In an ultimate analysis the following are estimated C = 65.93%, available

H2 = 3.50%; N 2 = 1.30% ; combined water 6.31%, free moisture = 4.38%.
Calculate the % of ash. If 2 gram of coal is fired how much ash is
expected. (8)

12. (a) An aqueous solution of sodium chloride contain 28 grams of NaCl per 100
CC of solution at 20°C. Express the concentration of this solution in the
following terms. Density of the solution is 1.18.

(i) Percentage NaCl by weight

(ii) Percentage of H20 by wt.

(iii) Mole fraction of NaCl

(iv) Mole fraction of H20. (16)

Or

(b) (i) C3Ha, propane gas has to be liquefied for storage in stainless steel
cylinders. 500 litres of the gas has be liquefied. Calculate the
amount in grams of liquid propane formed. The volume being
measured at standard conditions. Define the std. conditions. (8)

(ii) Air at a temperature of 20°C and a pressure of 750 mm Hg. has a

relative humidity of 80%. If vapour pressure of water is 17.5 mm
Hg at 20°C. Calculate the partial pressure of H20 and molal
humidity of the air. Also calculate the partial pressure of dry air.
(8)

2 J 171
13. (a) (i) Write the Kistyakowsky equation for non polar liquids. (4)

(ii) Give the empirical relationship between heat of vaporization and

temperature. (4)

(iii) The latent heat of vaporization of C2HsOH is 204 Cal per gram at
its boiling point of 78°C. It's critical temperature is 243°C.
Estimate the heat of vaporization at a temperature of 180°C. (8)

Or

(b) (i) Write about heat of mixing. (4)

(ii) Calculate the integral heats of solution of glycerin and of water in

the following system. 40: 60 glycerin/water mixture yields heat
and liberate -4.50 cal/gm of solution. (8)

(iii) Write about heat of combustion. (4)

14. (a) (i) Pyrites containing 85.3% Fe82, 2% H20, 12.7% inert gangue is
burned in a shelf furnace yielding 8.5% 802, 10% 02 and 81.5% N2
by volume. (8)

(1) Considering a 100 kg moisture free pyrites, calculate the

weight of pyrites charged (moisture free basis).

(2) Calculate the weight of Fe82 charged and mole basis.

(3) Calculate the gangue charged.

(ii) Write about heat and neutralization with examples. (4)

(iii) In the neutralization of dilute solutions of weak acids and weak

bases, the heat given off is less than 13,360 Cal. Justify. (4)

Or

(b) (i) Write about the humidity chart and wet and dry bulb thermometry
and give its application. (8)

(ii) Give the equation for relative saturation in % mode. (4)

(iii) Write about the vapour pressure of solid. (4)

3 J 171
15. (a) (i) Calculate the thermal efficiency considering heating value of clean
gas, dried condition as 792, 200 energy units and total input heat is
1,204,800 energy units account for heat losses. (4)

(ii) Write about sensible enthalpy of dry, clean gas. (4)

(iii) Discuss in detail about orsat technique and discuss flue gases
analysis by this technique. (8)

Or

(b) Write short notes on :

(i) Heating value of coal

(ii) Laws of thermochemistry

(iii) A ultimate analysis

(iv) '!'routon's rule. (4x4=16)

4 J 171
 E301

B.E.IB.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, NOVEMBERIDECEMBER 2003.

Fifth Semester

Chemical Engineering

CH 332 - CHEMICAL PROCESS CALCULATIONS

Time: Three hours Maximum: 100 marks

Any missing data may be suitably assumed.

Answer ALL questions.

PART A - (10 x 2 = 20 marks)

1. Define average molecular weight.

2. What is Avagadro's hypothesis?

3. Define "Partial Pressure".

4. Explain "Pure Component Volume".

5. Define "Relative Humidity".

6. Explain "Percentage Humidity".

7. Explain "Recycle" with a diagram.

..
.~
8. Explain "Bypass" with a diagram.

9. Define ''Theoretical Flame Temperature".

10. What is "Hess's law"?

PART B - (5 x 16 = 80 marks)

11. Two different persons calculate the average molecular weight of a flue gas
sample. One person used the correct molecular weight for nitrogen found the
AVMWT as 30.08. The other persons by mistake used the atomic weight for
nitrogen and the found the value as 18.74. Calculate the composition of the
flue gases, if the other gases are carbon di oxide and oxygen. (16)
12. (a) A certain gaseous hydrocarbon is known to contain less than 5 carbon
atoms. This gas is burnt With exactly the required volume of oxygen for
complete combustion. The volume of the reactants (all gases) is 600 ml at
298 K and 1 atm. The volume of the products (all gases) is 700 cc at
298 K and 14.67 psia. What is the compound? (16)
Or
(b) Calculate the total pressure and the composition of the vapour in contact
with a solution at 100°C containing 35% Benzene, 40% Toluene and
25% Xylene. At 100°C the vapour pressures are 1340, 560 and
210 mm Hg respectively. (All compositions inweight percent) (16)

13. (a) By adsorption in silica gel you .are able to remove all (0.93 kg) of the
water from moist air at 15°C and 98.6 Kpa. The same air measures
1000 m3 at 20°C and 108 Kpa when dry. What was the relative humidity
of the air? The vpour pressure of water at 15°C is 2 Kpa. (16)
Or
(b) A crystalliser is charged with 9581 kg of an aqueous solution of 30%
sodium sulphate. The solution is cooled and during the process 5% of the
water in feed evaporates. Glauber salt crystallizes and the mother liquor
carries 18% of the salt. Find the weights of the streams leaving the
crystalliser. (16)

14. (a) The waste acid from a nitrating process contains 23% nitric acid and 57%
sulfuric acid. Adding 90% nitric and 93% sulfuric acids concentrate this
acid. The final acid has a concentration of 27% nitric and 60% sulfuric
acids. Calculate the weights of the acids required to make 7380 Kg of
final acid. (16)
Or
(b) A gas containing 80% ethane and 20% oxygen is burned with 200% excess
air. 80% of ethane goes to C02, 10% to CO and the rest remains unburnt.
Calculate the dry exhaust gas analysis. (16)

15. (a) A stock containing 61% moisture is to be dried to 9%. Air enters with a
humidity of 0.0152 gm moisture per gm dry air and leaves with 0.0525
humidity. There is 52.5 gm of dry air is inside the drier. If only dry air is
recycled what fraction of air is recycled? (16)
Or
(b) Calculate the "Theoretical Flame Temperature" of a gas containing 20%
CO and 80% N2. This gas is burnt with 150% excess air. Both air and
the gas are at the same conditions of 25°C. Data: Heats of formation of
C02 = -94052; CO = -25412 callgm mole at 25°C. The mean specific heat
values are : C02 = 12.1,02 = 7.9 and N2 = 7.55 callgm mole K (16)

Atomic weights: C-12, H-1, N-14, 0-16, 8-32, Na-23, Cl-35.45, K-39 and
Hg-200.6.

2 E301
 Question Paper Code: E3057

B.E.IB.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION. APRIL'MAY 2010

Fourth Semester

.
Chemical Engineering
CH22S4 - CHEMICAL PROCESS CALCULATIONS
(Regulation 2008)

Time: Three hours Maximum: 100 Marks

Answer ALL Questions
PART A - (10 x 2 = 20 Marks)

1. What is the weight of 1 litre of metjtane at~P?

2. A solution of NaCl in water contains 230 g of NaCl per litre of solution. The
density of the solution is 1.1~i1cc. ~ the Dl4>lality.

3. Air at a temperature of 200c aad 750 m1ll Hg has a relative humidity of 80%.
Calculate the molal humidity of tne..air
if th-e "Vapor pressure of water at 20°C
is 17.5 mm Hg.

4. 10 kg of CH4 is bu~t with 1 % e"911 air. What will.be the volume of the air
used for combustion itair is a 300e an~ .3 atm pressure?

5. A wet material weighing 1000 ~g ~ied from 40% moisture to 15% moisture.
What will be the final weight o~ material?

6. A mixture of acetone vapour and nitrogen contains 14.8 % acetone by volume.

Calculate the relative saturation and percentage saturation at 20°C and
745 mtI!J'Ht"~The vapour pressure of acetone at 20°C is 184.8 mm Hg,

7. "What il'recycle ~tio and reflux ratio?

8. ~t is Trou!fn's rule?

9. Calculate the entbalpy of sublimation of Iodine from the following reactions

and data
H2 (g)+ 12 (S) ~ 2HI (g)~H = 57.9 kj/mol
...
H2{g)+ 12 (g) -4 2HI{g)@ = -9.2kj/mol.
10. Calculate the standard beat of reaction for tbe reaction
Ca C, + 2HzO ~ Ca(OH)2 + CZB2

The standard heat offormation of

CaC2 = -15000, H 0 = -68317.4
2 , Ca(OH)2 = -285800 and
CZH2 = 54194 callmole.

PART B - (5 x 16 = 80 Marks)

11. (a) The absolute saturation of a carbon dioxide-water vapor mixture at 310 K
and 100 kPa is measured to be 0.022 kg water per kg dry carbon dioxide.
Calculate the following:
(i) The molal saturation
(ii) The percent relative saturation
(iii) The percentage saturation
(iv) The temperature to WID the g~as to be beated at constant
pressure to reduce its p cent sa,turaficm to 30%.
The vapor pressure of wat intkPa is apProximated by the Antoine
=
equation as In P 16.26205 - 79~7/(T - 4'(854)} where T is in K.
. (4 x 4 16)=

(b)

12. (a) Limestone containing

9 O, and 5% Si02 is being calcined in a
kiln. The calcination reactio is CaCOa ~ CaO + CO2, The heat for the
reaction is supplied from a burner burning coke. The hot flue gases from
the burner analyze 5% CO2 by volume. The gas leaving the kiln contains
~.c02 by volume. In order to conserve some of the sensible heat a
portion 0 the kiln gas is recycled, mixed with the gas from the burner
apd ~nt iJ¢o the kiln. After mixing, the gas entering the kiln contains
~ CO2 by lume.
(i) F~ th kg of CaO produced in the kiln per kg of coke burnt in the
1b~ex (8)
(il) Find the recycle ratio (number of moles of gas recycled per mole of
gu leaving the kiln). (8)

Or

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 (b) Catalytic vapour pbase chlorination of CS2 gives carbon tetrachloride as
per the following reaction:

The products leaving the converter analyzed 26% CCI4, 26% S2Cl2'
17.5% CS2 and 30.5% Cl2 . Determine tbe following:

(i) The excess reactant and the percent excess (6)

(ii) The percent conversion (4)

(iii) The quantity of CCl4 obtained in kg per 100 kg of chlorine

admitted. (6)

13. (a) The calcination of limestone which is a mixture of calcium and

magnesium carbonates can be represented by the following reactions:

In a certain operation 100 k of limeston containing only calcium and

er ma rial is calcined producing
atmospheric pressure. What is the
composition of limesto (16)

(b) A sample of iuti has composition by mass: C-84%,

H2-15.2% an t rising non combustibles. The fuel was
completely btU~1tij

lied per kg of fuel and the composition of

the product gases expresse a percentage by volume. (6 + 4 + 6 = 16)

14. (a) (i) A crystallizer is charged with 6400 kg of an aqueous solution

r: containing 29.6% of anhydrous sodium sulphate. The solution is
coOled and 10% of the initial water_is lost by evaporation .
.Na2S\)4 ·10H20 crystallizes out. If the mother liquor (after
crystamzation) is found to contain 18.3% Na2S04 calculate the
weight ~ the mother liquor. (8)

Butane is burnt with 80% of the theoretical air. If all the hydrogen
gets converted to H20 determine the composition by volume of the
floe gases. (8)
Or

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 (b) Methanol is produced by the reaction CO + 2Hz ~ CHsOH. Only 15% of
the CO entering the reactor is converted to methanol. The methanol
product is condensed and separated from the unreacted gases. The
unreacted gases are mixed with the fresh feed and sent back to the
reactor. The feed entering the reactor contains 2 moles of hydrogen for
every mole of CO. The fresh feed enters at 35°C and 300 atm. To produce
6600 kglhr of methanol calculate
(i) Volume of fresh feed gas
(ii) The recycle ratio. (8 + 8 = 16)

15. (a) Calculate the theoretical flame temperature of a ~8S mixture having 20% •
CO and 80% Ns when burnt with 100% excess air. Both air and the gas
mixture are initially at 25°C. The heat of reaction at 25°C is
-67,636 kCal.
Cp of C02 = 6.339 + 10.14 x I()-3T - 3.415 x lQ-6T2 kCalIkmol.K
Cp of 02 = 6.117 + 3.167 x 10-3T - 1.005 x 1Q-6T2kCallkmol.K
Cp of Ns = 6.457 + 1.389 x 10-3 T ~"669.x lQ-6T2 kCallkmol.K
The temperature T in the abole equations ~. in K. (16)

Or
(b) (i) An evaporator is to e fed with 1O;{)00kglbr of a solution having
1% solids. The fe.8d is a48~. t i's \o..be-lconcentrated to 2% solids.
Steam at 108°~' is used. 'F~d the weight of steam used if the
enthalpies of th~roduct""lOlution steam and vapour formed
are 38.1 kca1Jikc. 100.8~allkg, 540 kcal/kg and 644 kcallkg
respectivelf. (8)
(li) In the rea~oll 4F,eS2{s)=1102(g)~2Fe20s(s)+8S02(g) the
conversion from 'eS2 to ~20S is only 80% complete. If the
standard heat of reaction is -197.7 kcal/gmol, what will be the heat
liberated per kg of ~eS2 i!d? . (8)

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\
 Reg. No. :

Question Paper Code : 53088

B.E./B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2010

Fourth Semester

Chemical Engineering

CH 2254 — CHEMICAL PROCESS CALCULATIONS

(Regulation 2008)

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 Marks

Answer ALL questions

PART A — (10 × 2 = 20 Marks)

1. Do the following conversions.

(a) λ (wavelength) 7000 A° to λ (wavelength) nm
(b) ν 4000 cm-1 to wavelength in A°
(c) MDPE 0.94 g/cc into specific volume
(d) 4.5 gram water into mole of water.
2. Calculate the molarity of the solution when 34.2 gram C12 H 22 O11 is dissolved
in 1 litre H2O.
3. Define ‘Partial pressure’.
4. Write about excess and limiting reactants.
5. Explain ‘Relative humidity’.
6. Differentiate proximate and ultimate analysis.
7. Give the use of Orsat apparatus.
8. Define specific heat.
9. Distinguish exothermic and endothermic reactions.
10. How is heat of combustion of white petrol determined?

PART B — (5 × 16 = 80 Marks)

11. (a) When a gas is cracked in a petroleum refinery hydrocarbons are

generated? Their compositions are analysed and given (16)

CH 4 = 45% , C 2 H 6 = 10% , C 2 H 4 = 25% , C 3 H 8 = 7%

C 3 H 6 = 8% , C 4 H10 = 5% . (At. wt C= 12, H=1)

 Calculate :

(i) The average molar mass of the gas mixture

(ii) The composition by mass and

(iii) The specific gravity of the gas mixture if the average molar mass of
air is 28.97.
Or
(b) (i) Define molarity, normality and molality. (6)

(ii) A solution of sodium chloride in H 2 O contains 25% NaCl (by mass)

at 323 K. The density of the solution is 1.135 kg/litre. Find molarity,
normality and molality of the solution. (10)

12. (a) (i) Write briefly the evaporation process. (4)

(ii) In an evaporation process high molecular weight solute is

concentrated. Per day 300 m3 solution is fed into the system. 1 m3
contains 1020 kg of solute. Calculate the feed entry in kg/day and
calculate the mass of the solute in kg if 4% solute is present and
calculate the mass of water. If the product concentration is 30%
solute, calculate the water evaporated and water leaving with the
solute. (12)
Or
(b) (i) A sample of caustic soda flakes contains 74.6% Na2O (by mass).
Find the purity of the flakes. (8)

(ii) Chalk Hill area in Salem district produces magnesite ore and gives
81% magnesium carbonate, 14% silicon dioxide and 5% water (by
mass). Express this analysis into mole % (At wt of Mg = 24.3,
Si = 28, C = 12, O = 16, H =1). (8)

13. (a) (i) Explain Psychrometry. (4)

(ii) The dry bulb temperature and dew point of ambient air were found
to be 302 K (29° C) and 291 K (18° C) respectively. The barometer
reads 100.0 kPa (750 Torr). Partial pressure of water in air
Pw = 2.0624 kPa.

Calculate :

(1) Absolute molar humidity'

(2) Absolute humidity and

(3) The % RH, if the vapour pressure at saturation is 4.004 kPa.

(12)

Or

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 (b) (i) How are NCV and GCV related? Explain. (4)

(ii) In an ultimate analysis the following are estimated: C = 65.93% ,

N = 1.30% available H = 3.5%. Combined H2O = 6.31% free
moisture = 4.38% calculate the % of ash. If 2 gram of coal is fired
how much ash is expected. (12)

14. (a) (i) How are the exhaust gases analysed? (4)

(ii) How is water/moisture in flue gases removed? (2)

(iii) Write down the solutions used for absorbing (CO 2 + SO 2 ) , O2 and
CO in the analysis of exhaust gas. (6)

(iv) Draw a neat Orsat apparatus indicating its parts. (4)

Or

(b) (i) Chlorinated diphenyl is heated from 313 K to 553 K at the rate of
4000 kg/h in an indirectly fixed heater. In this particular
temperature range the heat capacity of the fluid is given by
equation.

C1 = 0.7511 + 1.465 × 10 −3 T KJ/Kg.K.

where T is in K. Heat capacity data for chlorinated diphenyl at

313 K and 553 K are 1.1807 and 1.5198 kJ/kg. K respectively.
Calculate the heat to be supplied to the fluid in the heater using the
heat capacity equation. (12)

(ii) Write briefly the Latent heat of fusion and latent heat of
vaporization. (4)

15. (a) (i) Ethyl alcohol reacts with acetic acid to give ethyl acetate. Heat of
combustion of ethyl alcohol, acetic acid and ethyl acetate are
–326,700 cal, –208, 340 cal, –538 760 cal respectively. Calculate the
standard heat of reaction. (10)

(ii) Write about heat of neutralization and give examples. (6)

Or

(b) Write short notes on the following : (4 × 4 = 16)

(i) Dew point

(ii) Recycle and bypass

(iii) Thermochemistry laws

(iv) Theoretical flame temperature.

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