WiTricity : A WORLD

WITHOUT WIRES

Mr. AJIT A. JADHAV

 Content
• What is WiTricity?
• History of Wireless power
• Experimental design of W i Tr i c i t y
technology
• W i Tr i c i t y basics
• Wireless energy transfer techniques
• Working principle of W i Tr i c i t y
• Is W i Tr i c i t y safe ?
• W i Tr i c i t y Applications
• Benefits and Advantages
• Limitations
 What isWiTricity
• WiTricity is nothing but Wireless Electricity.

• Transmission of electrical energy from one object to

another without the use of wire is called WiTricity.

• Because of the WiTricity, some of the devices won’t

require batteries to operate.

• Cables are going to be replaced by WiTricty.

 Why not wires ??
• As per studies, most electrical energy transfer is
through wires.
• Most of the energy loss is during transmission.
• On an average, more than 30%.
• In India, it exceeds by 40%.

Why not batteries ??

• Estimated that 40 million batteries per year add
to the e-waste burden.
• And of course its not a good sign.
 History of Wireless power
• In late 1890 : Sir Nikola Tesla
proposed the method of wireless
power transmission.
• In 1899 : he was able to light 200
lamps over 25 miles away without
using wires. As it was in radiative
mode, most of the power was
wasted and less efficiency about
15% only.
• In 2005 : Dave Gerding coined the
term WiTricity which is being used
today.
• In 2009 : Sony shows a wireless
electrodynamics-induction powered
 Experimental design
Experimental scheme consists of two Self-
resonant coils. One coil (source coil) is coupled
inductively to an oscillating circuit; the other
(device coil) is coupled inductively to a resistive
load. Self-resonant coils rely on the interplay
between distributed inductance and distributed
capacitance to achieve resonance.
 Basics o f W i T r i c i t y
electricity

Electro
magnetism
magnetism

Magnetic
induction basics
Resonant
magnetic
coupling

RESONANC
E
Energy
coupling
Electromagnetic induction is the
production of voltage across a
conductor moving through a magnetic
field.
Electromagnetism is one of the four
fundamental interactions of nature,
along with strong interaction, weak
interaction and gravitation. It is the
force that causes the interaction
between electrically charged particles;
the areas in which this happens are
called electromagnetic fields
Energy/Power Coupling: Energy
coupling occurs when an energy
source has a means of transferring
Resonance : is the tendency of a
system to oscillate with larger
amplitude at some frequencies than
at others. These are known as the
system's resonant frequencies (or
resonance frequencies). At these
frequencies, even small periodic
driving forces can produce large
amplitude oscillations.

Resonant Magnetic Coupling:

Magnetic coupling occurs when
two objects exchange energy
through their varying or oscillating
magnetic fields. Resonant coupling
occurs when the natural
WiTricity Technology
 Power source is connected to ac
power.
 Bulb is connected to capture device.
 Blue lines represent the magnetic near
field induced by the power source.
 Yellow lines represent the
flow ofenergy from the source to the
capturecoil.
 This power lights up the bulb.
 The magnetic field can wrap around the
obstacle between power source and
capture coil.
Types and Technologies of WPT
 Near-field techniques (Short Range)
1. Inductive Coupling
2. Resonant Inductive Coupling
3. Air Ionization

 Far-field techniques (Long Range)

4. Microwave Power Transmission (MPT)
5. LASER power transmission
 A. Near-field techniques
1. INDUCTIVE COUPLING : Primary and secondary
coils are not connected with wires. Energy transfer is
due to Mutual Induction.

2. RESONANCE INDUCTIVE COUPLING(RIC) :

Combination of inductive coupling and resonance.
Resonance makes two objects interact very strongly and
inductance induces current.
2. RESONANCE INDUCTIVE COUPLING(RIC) :

3. Atmospheric conduction method : In this method a

closed circuit is made using transmitter, ionized path between
upper atmosphere and transmitter, second ionized path
connecting receiver.
The circuit back to the transmitter is completed through the
earth.
 Advantages & Disadvantages Of Near-field Techniqu

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

 No wires  Distance constraint

 No e-waste  Field strengths have
 Need for battery is to be under safety
eliminated levels
 Efficient energy  Initial cost is high
transfer using RIC  In RIC, tuning is
 Harmless, if field difficult
strengths under  High frequency
safety levels signals must be the
 Maintenance cost is supply
less  Air ionization
technique is not
feasible
 B. Far-field techniques
1. MICROWAVE POWER TRANSFER (MPT) : Power
transmission via radio waves can be made more
directional, allowing longer distance power beaming, with
shorter wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, typically
in the microwave range.
A rectenna may be used to convert the microwave energy
back into electricity which has an efficiency of 95%.
Transmitted waves are received at rectenna which rectifies,
gives DC as the output. Power beaming using microwaves
has been proposed for the transmission of energy from
orbiting solar power satellites to Earth.
 B. Far-field techniques….
2. LASER TRANSMISSION :
 LASER is highly directional, coherent.
 Not dispersed for very long but gets attenuated when
it propagates through atmosphere.
 Simple receiver

• Photovoltaic cell
 Cost-efficient.
Advantages & Disadvantages Of Far-field Technique
ADVANTAGES
 Efficient
 Easy
 Need for grids, substations
etc are eliminated.
 Low maintenance cost.
 More effective when the
transmitting and receiving
points are along a line-of-sight.
 Can reach the places which
are remote.
DISADVANTAGES
 Radiative
 Needs line-of-sight
 Initial cost is high
 When LASERs are used,
• conversion is inefficient
• Absorption loss is high
When microwaves are used,
interference may arise.
Principle :
The basic principle involved
in WiTricity concept is, Two objects having
same resonating frequency and in Magnetic
resonance at Strongly coupled regime tend
to exchange energy, while dissipating
relatively little energy to the extraneous off-
resonant objects.
 How wireless power works
 Magnetic coil is housed in a box and can be set in wall
or ceiling.
 Antenna A is powered by mains which resonates at a
particular frequency.
 Electromagnetic waves are transmitted through the air
 Second magnetic coil, antenna B fitted in laptop or TV
resonates with the same frequency as first coil and
absorbs energy.
 Energy charges the device.
 Is WiTricity safe ?
WiTricity, however turns electricity into a magnetic
field, which is a non-radiative transfer method.
Magnetism interacts very minimally with biological
organisms and is not harmful at all to humans or
animals.
 WiTricity has been scientifically proven not to be
harmful and has been designed to comply with
applicable safety standards and regulations.
 Applications of WiTricity
Consumer Electronics
• Automatic wireless charging of mobile electronics in home, cars, offices.
• Mobile phones, Laptops, Game controllers etc.

Industrial Applications
• Direct wireless power and communication interconnections at points of use in
harsh environments.
• In Drilling, Mining, Underwater etc.

Transportation
• Automatic wireless charging for existing electric vehicleclasses.
• In Golf carts, Cars etc.

Other Applications( Medical devices, Military applications

and Robots)
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 Benefits and Advantages

A. Benefits :
It will make products :
- More Convenient
- No manual recharging or changing batteries.
- Eliminate unsightly, unwieldy and costly power cords.
- More Reliable:
- Never run out of battery power.
More Environmentally Friendly:
- Reduce use of disposable batteries.
- Use efficient electric ‘grid power’ directly.

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 Benefits and Advantages….

B. Advantages :
• Safe, fairly efficient, good range.
• Boon for the devices which uses midrange
power.
• No need of line of sight.
• No need of power cables and batteries.
• E-waste is eliminated.
• More secure, no risk of getting shocked.
• Maintenance cost will be saved.
 Limitations
• Transmissions possible only in few
meters.
• Possibility of “energy theft”.
• Efficiency decreases with distance.
• The resonance condition should be
satisfied and if any error exists, there is
no possibility of power transfer.
Just imagine our future