RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS

Study I. Effects of chicken by-products meal.

The growth performance in terms of initial weight, final weight, and gain in

weight, feed consumption, feed conversion efficiency, and return on investment of

broilers as affected by varying levels of chicken by-products meal are presented and

discussed.

Table 1. Average initial, final, and gain in weight (kilograms) of broilers as affected
by varying levels of chicken meat by-products meal
TREATMENTS INITIAL FINAL WEIGHT GAIN IN
WEIGHT WEIGHT
Pure commercial 0.41 1.39 0.98
feeds
30 grams chicken 0.41 1.39 0.98
by-products meal
60 grams chicken 0.41 1.38 0.97
by-products meal
90 grams chicken 0.41 1.37 0.96
by-products meal

The average initial weight, final weight, and gain in weight of the broilers is

indicated in Table 1. The initial weight of the birds was taken at the fourteenth (14th) day

just before the beginning of the study. Analysis of Variance (Appendix Table 1.) showed

no significant differences among the treatments on the average initial weight of the birds.

The uniformity on the initial weight is due to similar age, breed, no variation of feed

ration were given on the brooding stage and management of the stock used in the study.

This is an advantage to have uniformity at the onset of the study for accurate statistical

data on the body weight of the birds.

 Further, Analysis of Variance revealed no significant differences among varying

levels of chicken by-products meal on the final weight of broilers. Although it can be

observed in the table that birds given with pure commercial feeds and 30 grams chicken

by-products meal obtained the final weight of 1.39 kilogram followed by birds

supplemented with 60 grams chicken by-products meal with a mean of 1.38 kilogram,

and it was observed from treatment 4 with 90 grams chicken by-products meal with a

mean of 1.37 kilograms. It means that adding of 30, 60, and 90 grams of chicken by-

products meal on the feeds of birds did not affect their final weight as birds were not

given with supplementation of chicken by-products meal.

The study further revealed no differences on the average gain in weight of birds,

therefore, all treatments were statistically the same. The results showed that the gain in

weight of the birds both on the treatment given with pure commercial feeds and birds

given with 30 grams chicken by-products meal both obtained gain in weight of 0.98

kilogram followed by birds supplemented with 60 grams chicken by-products meal with a

mean of 0.97 kilogram. Also, birds supplemented with 90 grams chicken by-products

meal got a mean of 0.96 kilogram. The result showed that adding 30, 60, and 90 grams of

chicken by-products meal did not affect the gain in weight of birds as compared to those

birds fed with pure commercial feeds.

Table 2. Average feed consumption, and feed conversion efficiency (kilograms) of
broilers as affected by varying levels of chicken by-products meal.
TREATMENTS FEED FEED CONVERSION
CONSUMPTION EFFICIENCY
Pure commercial feeds 2.46 2.51

30 grams chicken by-products 2.47 2.52

meal
60 grams chicken by-products 2.48 2.55
meal
90 grams chicken by-products 2.46 2.56
meal

Table 2 shows the data on the feed consumption and conversion efficiency of

broilers using different levels of chicken by-products meal supplementation. Analysis of

Variance revealed no significant differences on the average amount of feeds consumed

among treatments. Treatment 1 (pure commercial feeds) showed an average feed intake

of 2.46 kilograms, Treatment 2 (30 grams chicken by-products meal) had an average feed

intake of 2.47 kilograms, Treatment 3 (60 grams chicken by-products meal) had an

average feed intake of 2.48, and Treatment 4 (90 grams chicken by-products meal) had an

average feed intake of 2.46 kilograms. The result showed that broilers supplemented with

30, 60, and 90 grams chicken by-products meal in their diet were comparable to those

broilers given with 100% pure commercial feeds. The results revealed that the

supplementation of chicken by-products did not affect their feed intake.

Analysis of Variance revealed no significant differences on the feed conversion

efficiency of broilers among treatments. The data on the table revealed that the birds

given with 90 grams chicken by-products meal numerically had the highest feed intake

with an average of 2.56 kilogram to obtain a kilo gain in weight per bird, followed by
birds given with 60 grams chicken by-products meal with a feed intake with an average

of 2.55 kilogram to obtain a kilo gain in weight per bird, followed by birds given with 30

chicken by-products meal with a feed intake with an average of 2.52 kilogram to obtain a

kilo gain in weight per bird, and the least are the birds given with pure commercial feeds

with an average of 2.51 kilogram to obtain a kilo gain in weight per bird.

Table 3. Cost and Return Analysis (Php) of broilers fed with varying levels of
chicken by-products meal.
ITEMS Pure 30 grams 60 grams 90 grams
Commercial chicken by- chicken by- chicken by-
Feeds products products products meal
meal meal
Gross Weight 41.85 41.69 41.43 41.34
Stocks 750.00 750.00 750.00 750.00
Feeds
Booster 581.25 581.25 581.25 581.25
Grower 1,229.95 1,249.67 1,248.48 1,254.43
Finisher 1,168.86 1,161.88 1,173.35 1,153.04
Chicken by-products ----- 155.89 313.19 466.76
meal
Medicine 288.25 288.25 288.25 288.25
Electricity 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00
Labor 42.00 42.00 42.00 42.00
Depreciation cost 64.81 64.81 64.81 64.81
Miscellaneous 209.05 215.87 225.86 232.82
Total Cost of 4,390.17 4,527.62 4,743.19 4,889.36
Production
Gross Income 5,022 5,002.8 4,971.6 4,960.8
Net Income 631.83 475.18 228.41 71.44
Return Per Peso 1.14 1.10 1.04 1.01
Cost
Return On 14 10 4 1
Investment (%)
Based on current price:
Chicks= Php. 25.00 Electricity= Php. 2.00/chick/month
Booster feeds= Php. 35.00 Medicine= Php. 913.00
Grower feeds= Php. 34.00 Chicken by-products= Php. 70.00
Finisher feeds= Php. 33.00 Liveweight= Php. 120.00
Labor= Php. 1.50/chick/month
Cost and Return Analysis

Table 3 indicates the cost and return analysis in producing broiler for twenty-eight

(28) days using the varying levels of chicken by-products meal in their feed ration.

On the total cost of production, broilers fed with 90 grams chicken by-products

meal had the highest cost of production with a total amount of Php 4,656.54, followed by

broilers fed with 60 grams chicken by-products meal with a total cost of Php 4,517.33,

followed by broilers fed with 30 grams chicken by-products meal with a total cost of Php

4,311.75, and broilers fed with pure commercial feeds had the lowest cost of production

with a total cost of Php 4,181.12.

While for the gross income, broilers fed with pure commercial feeds were sold in

the highest amount of Php 5,022, followed by broilers fed with 30 grams chicken by-

products meal were sold in the amount of Php 5,002.8, followed by broilers fed with 60

grams chicken by-products meal which were sold in the amount of Php 4,971.6, and the

the broilers fed with 90 grams chicken by-products meal were sold with the lowest

amount of Php. 4,960.8.

On the return per peso cost, broilers fed with pure commercial feeds had the

highest return per peso cost with an amount of Php 1.14, followed by broilers fed with 30

grams chicken by-products meal with an amount of Php 1.10, followed by broilers fed

with 60 grams chicken by-products meal with an amount of Php 1.04, and broilers fed

with 90 chicken by-products meal with an amount of Php 1.01.

The broilers fed with pure commercial feeds had the highest return on investment

with a percentage of 14, followed by broilers fed with 30 grams chicken by-products

meal with a percentage of 10, followed by broilers fed with 60 grams chicken by-
products meal with a percentage of 4, and the least were the broilers fed with 90 grams

chicken by-products meal with a percentage of 1.

Study II. Carcass Yield as Affected with Chicken By-Product Meal

The average live weight, dressing percentage and slaughter weight of the birds are

indicated in Table 3. Data showed that there were no significant differences in terms of

the live weight of chicken as shown in the Analysis of Variance (Appendix Table 14).

Birds given with 90 grams of chicken by-product meal obtained the weight of 1.60kg,

followed by the birds given with 30g of chicken by product meal with the mean of 1.58

kg, birds fed with pure commercial feeds gained 1.57 kg, and birds given with 60g of

chicken by – product meal obtained the weight of 1.56kg.

Results indicated that all birds from the treatments supplemented with or without

chicken meat by-products have similar live weight prior to slaughter.

Table 4. Average live weight, dressing percentage and slaughter weight of the birds
supplemented with chicken meat by-products
TREATMENTS Live weight Dressing Slaughter weight
(kg) percentage (without feather)
(kg)
Pure commercial feeds 1.57 71.22 1.47

30g of chicken by-product 1.58 68.42 1.45

meal
60g of chicken by-product 1.56 71.48 1.46
meal
90g of chicken by-product 1.60 70.90 1.49
meal
 Likewise, it is indicated in the table that the birds given with commercial feeds

and 60g of chicken by-product meal obtained a dressing percentage of 71.48%, followed

by the broiler fed with pure commercial feeds at 71.22%; the birds given with 90g of

chicken by-product meal obtained 70.90% and the birds given with 30g of chicken by-

product meal in their commercial feeds obtained 68.62%.

Statistical analysis of variance revealed that there were no significant differences

among treatment means from 68 – 71% in terms of dressing percentage. It is an

indication that the dressing percentage of the sample birds among the treatments is more

or less similar.

On the weight of birds after slaughtering, the data showed that the birds given

with different levels of chicken by-product meal in their commercial feeds had less or

similar weight. The birds supplemented with 90g of chicken by-product meal obtained

1.60kg, the broiler given with 30kg had 1.58kg, birds fed with pure commercial feed

obtained 1.57kg and the broiler given with 60g of chicken by-product meal obtained

1.56kg.

The statistical analysis revealed that there were no significant differences among

the treatments. It implies that the supplementation of chicken by-product meal did not

induce any significant changes in the slaughter weight of the birds.

Table 5 shows the dressed weight of the birds given with different levels of

chicken by – product meal in their commercial feeds. The Analysis of Variance revealed

that the addition of different levels of chicken by-products meal did not affect the dressed

weight of the broilers used in the study.

Table 5. Average dressed weight and carcass without head and feet (kilogram) as
affected with chicken meat by-product
TREATMENTS Dressed weight Carcass without
(kg) head and feet

Pure commercial feeds 1.31 1.12

30g of chicken by – product meal 1.26 1.10

60g of chicken by – product meal 1.27 1.11

90g of chicken by – product meal 1.27 1.14

It was noticeable that the birds fed with pure commercial feeds obtained the

dressed weight of 1.31kg, followed by the birds given with commercial feeds and 60g

and 90g of chicken by-product meal which both obtained the same dressed weight of

1.27kg; the birds given with commercial feeds and 30g of chicken by-product meal

obtained 1.26kg. However, all birds fed with or without supplementation of chicken by-

products meal from 1.26 – 1.31 kilograms did not cause any significant difference in the

dressed weight.

Moreover, it was indicated in the result that the supplementation of chicken by-

product meal did not likewise make any changes to produce significant difference in the

carcass yield of broilers without head and feet. The birds given with 90g of chicken by-

product meal obtained the weight of 1.14kg, followed by the birds fed with pure

commercial feeds which obtained 1.12kg, the broiler given with 60g of chicken by –
product meal obtained weight of 1.11kg and the birds given with 30g of chicken by-

product meal obtained weight of 1.10kg.

The Analysis of Variance shown in Appendix Table 22 revealed that there were

no significant differences among the treatments. The results showed that the birds

supplemented with or without chicken by-product meal had more or less similar weights

in terms of the carcass without head and feet.

Table 6. Average Carcass Yield in breast, legs, and wings of birds supplemented
with chicken meat by product
TREATMENTS Breast (kg) Legs (kg) Wings (kg)

Pure commercial feeds 0.45 0.34 0.12

30g of chicken by – product meal 0.45 0.32 0.13

60g of chicken by – product meal 0.45 0.29 0.12

90g of chicken by – product meal 0.48 0.32 0.12

The breast yield of the birds used in the study fed with different levels of chicken

by-product meal is indicated in Table 6. The data showed that birds given with

commercial feeds and 90g of chicken by-product meal obtained 0.48kg while the broilers

given with pure commercial feeds, and birds supplemented with 60g and 30g chicken by-

product meal obtained similar breast yield of 0.45kg.

The Analysis of Variance shown in the Appendix Table 24 revealed that there

were no significant differences among the treatments. It is an implication that the

supplementation of chicken by-product meal in the broilers ration did not produce

significant differences in terms of breast yield.

 The weight of the legs exhibited in Table 6 includes the weight of the thigh as

well. The data in this table showed that the broilers given with pure commercial feeds

yielded 0.34kg amount of meat in terms of the legs weight and the birds supplemented

with 30 and 90 grams of chicken by-product meal had yielded the same weight of 0.32kg,

while the birds given with 60g of chicken meat by – product yielded 0.29kg amount of

meat in terms of weight of legs.

Analysis of Variance revealed that the supplementation of chicken by-product

meal had no significant differences in terms of the yield in the legs. This means that the

broilers supplemented with or without chicken by-product meal yielded the same amount

of meat.

The data on weight of wings of the birds showed an implication that the wings of

the broiler chickens were not affected by the supplementation of chicken by-product

meal. The birds fed with pure commercial feeds, and the broilers given with 60 and 90

grams of chicken by-product had similar yield of 0.12kg, while the broilers given with

30g of chicken by-products obtained 0.13kg. This data revealed that there were no

significant differences in the treatments as shown in Appendix Table 27. It also implies

that the chicken by-product meal did not cause any significant effect in terms of the

weight of wings.

The weight of head, neck and feet of the birds used in the study is presented in

Table 7. The data showed that there were no significant differences in terms of the weight

of head as revealed in the Appendix Table 30. The birds given with 30g of chicken by-

product meal obtained 40.56g, followed by the broilers given with pure commercial feeds
of 36.67g. Lastly, the birds fed with 60 and 90 grams of chicken meat by – products had

the same weight of 36.11g.

Table 7. Average weight of head, neck and feet of the birds in grams supplemented
with chicken meat by-product
TREATMENTS Head (g) Neck (g) Feet (g)

Pure commercial feeds 36.67 40.56 51.67

30g of chicken by-product meal 40.56 43.33 59.44

60g of chicken by-product meal 36.11 38.89 53.89

90g of chicken by-product meal 36.11 38.89 62.22

The Analysis of Variance revealed that the supplementation of chicken meat by –

products in different levels had non – significant differences. Although there was

numerical difference, it was not enough to cause significant differences.

Likewise, the results showed that the birds given with 30g of chicken by-product

obtained the neck yield of 43.33g, followed by the broiler fed with pure commercial feeds

which gained a weight of 40.56g, and the birds given with 60 and 90 grams of chicken

by-product meal which gained similar neck yield of 38.89g.

The statistical analysis shown in Appendix Table 32 revealed that the

supplementation of chicken by-product meal did not induce significant differences in the

neck yield.

The data showed that the birds given with 90g of chicken by-products meal had

feet yield of 62.22g, followed by the broilers given with 30g of chicken by- product meal
which obtained a weight of 59.44g, birds fed with 60g of chicken by-product meal had

53.89 feet yield and broilers fed with pure commercial feeds obtained 51.67g.

Analysis of variance shown in Appendix Table 35 revealed that there were no

significant differences in all the treatments. Although numerical differences shown in this

table it did not cause significant changes.

Study III. Evaluation of Internal Organs of Broilers supplemented with Chicken

Meat By-Product Meal

Table 8. Average weight of heart, spleen, liver and gizzard in grams as affected with
chicken meat by-products meal
TREATMENTS Heart Spleen Liver (g) Gizzard
(g) (g) (g)
Pure commercial feeds 7.19 2.05 40.31 35.62

30g of chicken by – product meal 9.15 2.14 39.90 36.47

60g of chicken by – product meal 8.71 1.85 41.30 35.03

90g of chicken by – product meal 9.02 1.86 37.68 38.48

The weight of the heart, spleen, liver and gizzard of the birds given with different

levels of chicken by-product in their commercial feeds is indicated in Table 8.

Data showed that the broilers given with 30g of chicken by-product were

numerically heavier with a mean score of 9.15g than the birds fed with 90g of chicken

by-product meal which obtained 9.02 grams. The birds given with 60g of chicken by-
product had a 8.71g and birds fed with pure commercial feeds had a weight of 7.19g in

terms of the heart.

However, the Analysis of Variance shown in Appendix Table 36 revealed that the

supplementation of chicken by-product meal had non – significant differences in terms of

the heart. It implies that the weight of the heart of the birds is not affected by

supplementation of chicken by-product meal regardless of treatment.

Further, the data indicated that the broilers given with commercial feeds and 30g

of chicken by-product meal had a weight of spleen of 2.14g and the birds fed with pure

commercial feeds had 2.05g, while the birds given with commercial and 60 and 90 grams

of chicken by-product meal had almost similar weights of spleen at 1.86 and 1.85 grams.

The statistical analysis disclosed that the chicken by-product meal induced non-

significant differences in terms of the weight of spleen from all the treatments. It is also

revealed that the supplementation of chicken by-product meal did not cause any

significant changes in the weight of spleen.

Moreover, the data shown in this table indicates that commercial feeds with 60g

of chicken by-product meal produced 41.30g in the weight of liver, birds given with pure

commercial feeds had 40.31g; broilers with supplementation of 30g of chicken by-

product meal had a weight of 39.90g ,and the birds given with commercial feeds and 90g

of chicken by- product meal had 37.68g.

It is indicated in the Analysis of Variance in Appendix Table 40 that there were

no significant differences in this organ in terms of their weight. It also revealed that

supplementation of chicken meat by products had no significant effect in terms of this

organ. It could be explained that the liver remained in their normal sizes whether the

birds were fed with pure commercial feed or with chicken by-products.

The data showed that the birds given with commercial feeds and 90g of chicken

by-product meal had 38.48g, broilers given with commercial feeds and 30g of chicken

by-product meal have 36.47g, the birds fed with pure commercial feeds had 35.62g and

the broilers given with commercial feeds and 60g of chicken by-product meal obtain

35.03g. The analysis of variance revealed that the weight of gizzard had no significant

differences among the treatments. It is an indication that the chicken meat by-product did

not enhance any significant changes in this organ.

Table 9. Average weight of duodenal loop, gastrointestinal tract and cecum in grams
fed with chicken meat by-products meal
TREATMENTS Duodenal GIT(g) Cecum (g)
loop(g)

Pure commercial feeds 17.79 76.01 10.95

30g of chicken by-product meal 16.93 77.68 10.40

60g of chicken by-product meal 16.96 75.81 10.11

90g of chicken meat by-product meal 17.19 77.85 8.17

Table 9 presents the weight of duodenal loop, GIT, and cecum. The data showed

that the birds fed with pure commercial feeds obtained 17.79g, and broilers given with

commercial feeds and 90g of chicken by-product meal had 17.19g. Broilers given with
commercial feeds and 60g of chicken by-product meal had 16.96g, and the broiler given

with 30g chicken by-product meal had 16.93g. Statistical analysis showed that there were

no significant differences in terms of the weight of this organ. It was disclosed that the

chicken by-product meal did not make any significant changes in the weight of duodenal

loop.

The data showed that the birds given with commercial feeds and 90g of chicken

by-product meal obtained 77.85g, while broilers given with commercial feeds and 30g of

chicken by-product meal had 77.68g. Broilers fed with pure commercial feeds had

76.01g, and the broilers given with commercial feeds and 60g of chicken by-product

meal had 75.81g in terms of the weight of GIT.

Statistical analysis indicated that there were no significant differences in the

weight of GIT among the treatments. This implies that the weight of GIT of the birds in

different treatments is more or less similar. It is also inferred that the addition of chicken

by-product meal to commercial feeds in the diet of the birds do not cause any adverse

effect on the growth development of the gastrointestinal tract.

The data showed that the birds fed with pure commercial feeds had 10.95g; the

broilers given with commercial feeds and 30g of chicken by-product meal had 10.40g;

the birds given with commercial feeds and 60g of chicken by-product meal had 10.11g,

and broilers given with commercial feeds and 90g of chicken by-product meal obtained

8.17g.

Statistical analysis confirmed that there were no significant differences between

the weights of cecum in the treatment means. It is an indication that chicken by-product

meal in the diet of broiler chickens did not make any significant changes in this organ.