XIIACS  Marks : 20

 MAHESH TUTORIALS LAKSHYA

KK-XIIACS-PHYSICS- SUBJECT : PHYSICS  Time (mm:ss) : 60:00
01-SEPTEMBER-2019 LAKSHYA
 
 
SECTION A  3 

1. Define atomic number and mass number. 1

Exp Atomic No -The no of protons in the nucleus in called atomic no. If in denoted by Z
: Mass No - The total no of protons and neutrons present in a nucleus is called the mass no. Denoted by A.

2. Using Bohr's formula obtain an expression for wavelength of Hα line in Balmer series 1
in hydrogen spectrum.

Exp For Hαline transition takes place from 3 to 2

: ∴ By Bohr’s formula
\frac{1}{\lambda \alpha }=\text{R}\left( \frac{1}{{{2}^{\mathbf{2}}}}-\frac{1}{{{3}^{\mathbf{2}}}} \right)

3. What are the matter waves? 1

Exp Acc to de broglie every morning particle a associated until a wave of wavelength given by \lambda =\frac{h}
: {p}=\frac{h}{mv},
These waves are called malter waves

SECTION B( ANY THREE)  6 

1. Define binding energy per nucleon and obtain an expression for it in terms of mass 2
defect.

Exp Binding energy per nucleon = \frac{\text{B.E. of nucleus}}{\text{A}}

: =\frac{\Delta m\times {{c}^{2}}}{\text{A}}=\frac{[\text{Z}{{m}_{p}}+(\text{A-Z}){{m}_{n}}-\text{M}]{{c}^{2}}}{\text{A}}

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2. Show that frequency (f) of revolution of an electran in nth Bohr's orbit is equal to\frac{m{{e}^{\mathbf{4}}}}{4\in 2
_{\mathbf{0}}^{\mathbf{2}}{{h}^{\mathbf{3}}}{{n}^{\mathbf{3}}}}where symbols have their usual meanings.

Exp Let m = mass of the electron,

: -e = charge on the electron,
+e = charge on proton,
rn = radius of nth Bohr orbit,
{{\upsilon }_{n}} = linear velocity of electron in nth orbit,
n = principal quantum number,
{{\varepsilon }_{0}} = permittivity of free space.
According to Bohr's first postulate,
\frac{m\upsilon _{\mathbf{n}}^{\mathbf{2}}}{{{r}_{\mathbf{n}}}}=\frac{{{e}^{\mathbf{2}}}}{4\pi {{\varepsilon
}_{\mathbf{0}}}r_{\mathbf{n}}^{\mathbf{2}}} …… (i)
\therefore m\upsilon _{\mathbf{n}}^{\mathbf{2}}{{r}_{\mathbf{n}}}=\frac{{{e}^{\mathbf{2}}}}{4\pi
{{\varepsilon }_{\mathbf{0}}}}                …… (ii)
From Bohr's second postulate
m{{\upsilon }_{\mathbf{n}}}{{r}_{\mathbf{n}}}=\frac{nh}{2\pi } …… (iii)
Dividing equation (i) by (ii)
{{\upsilon }_{\mathbf{n}}}=\frac{{{e}^{\mathbf{2}}}}{4\pi {{\varepsilon }_{\mathbf{0}}}}.\frac{2\pi }
{nh}=\left( \frac{{{e}^{\mathbf{2}}}}{2{{\varepsilon }_{\mathbf{0}}}h} \right)\times \frac{1}
{n}                                 …… (iv)
But {{\upsilon }_{\mathbf{n}}}={{\omega }_{\mathbf{n}}}{{r}_{\mathbf{n}}}and
{{r}_{\mathbf{n}}}=\frac{{{\varepsilon }_{\mathbf{0}}}{{h}^{\mathbf{2}}}{{n}^{\mathbf{2}}}}{\pi
m{{e}^{\mathbf{2}}}}
\therefore {{\omega }_{\mathbf{n}}}{{r}_{\mathbf{n}}}=\left( \frac{{{e}^{\mathbf{2}}}}{2{{\varepsilon
}_{\mathbf{0}}}h} \right)\times \frac{1}{n}
\therefore {{\omega }_{\mathbf{n}}}=\left( \frac{{{e}^{\mathbf{2}}}}{2{{\varepsilon }_{\mathbf{0}}}h}
\right)\times \frac{1}{n}\times \frac{1}{{{r}_{\mathbf{n}}}}
=\left( \frac{{{e}^{\mathbf{2}}}}{2{{\varepsilon }_{\mathbf{0}}}h} \right)\times \frac{1}{n}\times
\frac{\pi m{{e}^{\mathbf{2}}}}{{{\varepsilon }_{\mathbf{0}}}{{h}^{\mathbf{2}}}{{n}^{\mathbf{2}}}}
=\left( \frac{{{e}^{\mathbf{2}}}m\pi }{2\varepsilon _{\mathbf{0}}^{\mathbf{2}}{{h}^{\mathbf{3}}}}
\right)\frac{1}{{{n}^{\mathbf{3}}}}But = \frac{\pi m{{e}^{\mathbf{4}}}}{2\varepsilon
_{\mathbf{0}}^{\mathbf{2}}{{h}^{\mathbf{3}}}}constant.
\therefore {{\omega }_{\mathbf{n}}}=constant.\frac{1}{{{n}^{\mathbf{3}}}} \therefore {{\omega
}_{\mathbf{n}}}\propto \frac{1}{{{n}^{\mathbf{3}}}}
But {{\omega }_{\mathbf{n}}}=2\pi {{f}_{\mathbf{n}}}
\therefore 2\pi {{f}_{\mathbf{n}}}=\frac{\pi m{{e}^{\mathbf{4}}}}{2\varepsilon
_{\mathbf{0}}^{\mathbf{2}}{{h}^{\mathbf{3}}}}\times \frac{1}{{{n}^{\mathbf{3}}}}
\therefore {{f}_{\mathbf{n}}}=\frac{m{{e}^{\mathbf{4}}}}{4\varepsilon _{\mathbf{0}}^{\mathbf{2}}
{{h}^{\mathbf{3}}}}\times \frac{1}{{{n}^{\mathbf{3}}}}
This is the required equation.

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3. Draw neat labelled diagram of Davisson and Germer experiment. 2

Exp
:

4. Draw a neat labelled diagram which shows energy levels of electron in different Bohr's 2
orbits of hydrogen atom.

Exp
:

SECTION C (ANY TWO)  6 

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1. Explain the nuclear fusion and nuclear fission. 3

Exp It is a nuclear reaction in which two lighter nuclei are fused to form a heavier nucleus. The newly
: formed nucleus has smaller mass than the sum of masses of fused nuclei. The mass defect is
converted into large amount of energy. Nuclear fusion requires very high temperature.
e.g.{}_{\mathbf{1}}^{\mathbf{2}}\text{H}+{}_{\mathbf{1}}^{\mathbf{2}}\text{H}\to
{}_{\mathbf{2}}^{\mathbf{4}}\text{H}+24\text{MeV}
In 1924, Louis de Broglie, a French physicist, suggested that, like radiation, matter
also exhibits dual character. It means that matter has particle as well as wave
nature.
His suggestions were based on the following reasons:
(1) According to Einstein, matter and energy are interchangable.
(2) The energy in the universe is in the form of matter and radiation.
(3) Radiation has dual nature.
(4) Nature loves symmetry.
(5) So, matter should also possess dual nature, i.e., particle and wave nature.
According to de Broglie, if a particle of mass m is moving with velocity v then wavelength of a wave associated with
this particle is given by
\lambda =\frac{h}{p}=\frac{h}{m\upsilon }
These waves are called as matter waves. And above equation is known as de Broglie wave equation for material
particle.
As \upsilon \to 0,\lambda \to \infty and  \upsilon \to \infty ,\lambda \to 0
This indicates that matter waves are associated with moving particles only.
Wavelength of a matter wave is inversely proportional to the momentum of a particle.
Wavelength does not depend upon charge of a particle. Speed of matter wave is greater than the
speed of light.
Expression for de Broglie wavelength of matter wave:
Let m be the mass of a particle moving with velocity\upsilon . Momentum of the particle is p = m\upsilon .
Wavelength (\lambda )of a wave associated with this particle is given by
\lambda =\frac{h}{p}=\frac{h}{m\upsilon } ......(i)
where h = Planck's constant.
According to Planck's Quantum Theory
\text{E}=h\upsilon =\frac{hc}{\lambda } ......(ii)
where E = energy, v = frequency of light, c = velocity of light.
From Einstein's mass energy relation
E = mc2                                           …… (iii)
From equations (ii) and (iii)m{{c}^{\mathbf{2}}}=h\upsilon =\frac{hc}{\lambda }
\therefore mc=\frac{h}{\lambda }
\therefore \lambda =\frac{h}{mc}=\frac{h}{p}                            ......(iv)
where p = mc momentum of a photon.
Equation (iv) represents the de Broglie wavelength of matter wave.

2. State any six properties of\alpha particles. 3

Exp The spontaneous breaking of unstable nucleus into more stable nucleus, releasing energy in the form of \alpha
: ,\beta particles and \gamma rays is known as radioactive disintegration.

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3. Find the radius of the first Bohr orbit of the hydrogen atom. Hence determine the 3
radius of the second Bohr orbit.

Exp Find: r1, r2

: Solution: Radius of nth Bohr orbits is given as
{{r}_{\mathbf{n}}}=\frac{{{n}^{\mathbf{2}}}{{h}^{\mathbf{2}}}{{\varepsilon }_{\mathbf{0}}}}{\pi
m{{e}^{\mathbf{2}}}}
{{r}_{\mathbf{1}}}=\frac{{{(1)}^{\mathbf{2}}}\times {{(6.63\times {{10}^{\mathbf{-34}}})}^{\mathbf{2}}}\times
8.85\times {{10}^{\mathbf{-12}}}}{3.14\times 9.1\times {{10}^{\mathbf{-31}}}\times {{(1.6\times
{{19}^{\mathbf{-19}}})}^{\mathbf{2}}}}
=0.53\times {{10}^{\mathbf{-10}}}m
{{r}_{\mathbf{1}}}=0.53\overset{\mathbf{0}}{\mathop{A}}\,
Also {{r}_{\mathbf{n}}}\propto {{n}^{\mathbf{2}}}
\therefore rn = rn2
\therefore {{r}_{\mathbf{2}}}={{r}_{\mathbf{1}}}{{(2)}^{\mathbf{2}}}=4\times 0.53\overset{\mathbf{0}}
{\mathop{A}}\,
r2 = 2.12\overset{\mathbf{0}}{\mathop{A}}\,

SECTION D (ANY ONE)  5 

1. a)   Derive an expression for energy of nth orbit for an hydrogen atom. Hence show that {{E}_{n}}=\frac{{{E}_{1}}} 5
{{{n}^{2}}}
b)   Find the angular momentum of an electron orbiting in 3rd Bohr orbit.

Exp a) Derivation of K.E                               (½ Mark)

:     Derivation of P.E                                (½ Mark)
    Derivation of T.E                                 (1 Mark)
    Show that, {{E}_{n}}=\frac{{{E}_{1}}}{{{n}^{2}}}                        (1 Mark)
b) Data :
h = 6.63\times 10-34 Js
Solution:
Angular momentum
=n\frac{h}{2\pi }
=\frac{3\times 6.63\times {{10}^{-34}}}{2\times 3.142}
= 3.1656\times 10-34 Js                                       (2 Marks)

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2. Obtain an expression for radius of nth Bohr's orbit and show that radius is directly 3
proportional to the square of principal quantum number.

Exp Expression for radius of Bohr orbit in hydrogen atom.

: Let m = mass of an electron,
-e = charge on an electron,
+e = charge on a proton,
rn = radius of nth Bohr's orbit,
{{\upsilon }_{\mathbf{n}}} = linear velocity of electron in nth orbit,
n = principal quantum number,
{{\varepsilon }_{\mathbf{0}}} = permittivity of free space.
From Bohr's first postulate centripetal force required for U.C.M. is provided by Coulomb's force of attraction
between electron and proton. [H2 atom has 1 electron and 1 proton].
\therefore \frac{{{e}^{\mathbf{2}}}}{4\pi {{\varepsilon
}_{\mathbf{0}}}r_{\mathbf{n}}^{\mathbf{2}}}=\frac{m\upsilon _{\mathbf{n}}^{\mathbf{2}}}
{r}           …… (i)
\therefore \upsilon _{\mathbf{n}}^{\mathbf{2}}=\frac{{{e}^{\mathbf{2}}}}{4\pi {{\varepsilon
}_{\mathbf{0}}}{{r}_{\mathbf{n}}}m}             …… (ii)
According to Bohr's second postulate,
m{{\upsilon }_{\mathbf{n}}}{{r}_{\mathbf{n}}}=\frac{nh}{2\pi }
\therefore {{\upsilon }_{\mathbf{n}}}=\frac{nh}{2\pi {{r}_{\mathbf{n}}}m}squaring both sides.
\upsilon _{\mathbf{n}}^{\mathbf{2}}=\frac{{{n}^{\mathbf{2}}}{{h}^{\mathbf{2}}}}{2{{\pi
}^{\mathbf{2}}}r_{\mathbf{n}}^{\mathbf{2}}{{m}^{\mathbf{2}}}}               …… (iii)
From equations (ii) and (iii)
\frac{{{e}^{\mathbf{2}}}}{4\pi {{\varepsilon }_{\mathbf{0}}}
{{r}_{\mathbf{n}}}m}=\frac{{{n}^{\mathbf{2}}}{{h}^{\mathbf{2}}}}{2{{\pi
}^{\mathbf{2}}}r_{\mathbf{n}}^{\mathbf{2}}{{m}^{\mathbf{2}}}}
\therefore {{r}_{\mathbf{n}}}=\frac{{{n}^{\mathbf{2}}}{{h}^{\mathbf{2}}}{{\varepsilon
}_{\mathbf{0}}}}{\pi m{{e}^{\mathbf{2}}}}=\left( \frac{{{\varepsilon }_{\mathbf{0}}}
{{h}^{\mathbf{2}}}}{\pi m{{e}^{\mathbf{2}}}} \right){{n}^{\mathbf{2}}}
\therefore rn = constant n2 (\because {{\varepsilon }_{\mathbf{0}}},h,\pi ,m,e\,\,are\,constants.)
\therefore {{r}_{\mathbf{n}}}\propto {{n}^{\mathbf{2}}}
Hence, radius of nth Bohr orbit is directly proportional to the square of the principal quantum
number.

3. What are the shortest and longest wavelengths present in the Paschen series of 2
spectral lines?

Exp Short paschen

: \frac{1}{{{\lambda }_{\mathbf{min}}}}=\text{R}\left( \frac{1}{{{3}^{\mathbf{2}}}}-\frac{1}{{{\infty }^{\mathbf{2}}}}
\right)=\frac{\text{R}}{9}
\therefore {{\lambda }_{\mathbf{min}}}=\frac{\text{R}}{9}
Longest wavelength
\frac{1}{{{\lambda }_{\mathbf{max}}}}=\text{R}\left( \frac{1}{{{3}^{\mathbf{2}}}}-\frac{1}{{{4}^{\mathbf{2}}}} \right)
{{\lambda }_{\mathbf{max}}}=\frac{144}{7\text{R}}

ALL THE BEST

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