List of components

of oil drilling rigs

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This article lists the main components of a

petroleum onshore drilling rig.

Offshore drilling rigs have similar

elements, but are configured with a
number of different drilling systems to suit
drilling in the marine environment.
The equipment associated with a rig is to
some extent dependent on the type of rig
but typically includes at least some of the
items listed below.

List of items
Simple diagram of a drilling rig and its basic operation

1. Mud tank
2. Shale shakers
3. Suction line (mud pump)
4. Mud pump
 5. Motor or power source
6. hose
7. Draw-works
8. Standpipe
9. Kelly hose
10. Goose-neck
11. Traveling block
12. Drill line
13. Crown block
14. Derrick
15. Racking Board (Sometimes referred
to as the Monkey Board)
16. Stand (of drill pipe)
17. Setback (floor)
18. Swivel (On newer rigs this may be
replaced by a top drive)
19. Kelly drive
20. Rotary table
21. Drill floor
22. Bell nipple
23. Blowout preventer (BOP) Annular
type
24. Blowout preventer (BOP) Pipe ram &
blind ram
25. Drill string
26. Drill bit
27. Casing head or Wellhead
28. Flow line
Explanation
Bell nipple (#22) is a section of large
diameter pipe fitted to the top of the
blowout preventers that the flow line
attaches to via a side outlet, to allow the
drilling mud to flow back to the mud
tanks.
Blowout preventers (BOPs) (#23 and
#24) are devices installed at the
wellhead to prevent fluids and gases
from unintentionally escaping from the
wellbore. #23 is the annular (often
referred to as Hydril named after a
manufacturer), and #24 is the pipe rams
and blind rams.
Casing head (#27) is a large metal
flange welded or screwed onto the top
of the conductor pipe (also known as
drive-pipe) or the casing and is used to
bolt the surface equipment such as the
blowout preventers (for well drilling) or
the Christmas tree (oil well) (for well
production).
Centrifuge (not pictured) is an industrial
version of the device that separates fine
silt and sand from the drilling fluid. It is
typically mounted on top or just off of
the mud tanks.
Crown block (#13) is the stationary end
of the block and tackle.
Degasser (not pictured) is a device that
separates air and/or gas from the
drilling fluid. It is typically mounted on
top of the mud tanks.
Derrick (#14) is the support structure for
the equipment used to lower and raise
the drill string into and out of the
wellbore. This consists of the sub-
structure (structure below the drill floor
level) and the mast.
Desander / desilter (not pictured)
contains a set of hydrocyclones that
separate sand and silt from the drilling
fluid. Typically mounted on top of the
mud tanks.
Draw-works (#7) is the mechanical
section that contains the spool, whose
main function is to reel in/out the drill
line to raise/lower the traveling block.
Drill bit (#26) is a device attached to the
end of the drill string that breaks apart
the rock being drilled. It contains jets
through which the drilling fluid exits.
Drill floor (#21) is the area on the rig
where the tools are located to make the
connections of the drill pipe, bottom
hole assembly, tools and bit. It is
considered the main area where work is
performed.
Drill line (#12) is thick, stranded metal
cable threaded through the two blocks
(traveling and crown) to raise and lower
the drill string.
Drill pipe (#16) is a joint of hollow tubing
used to connect the surface equipment
to the bottom hole assembly (BHA) and
acts as a conduit for the drilling fluid. In
the diagram, these are stands of drill
pipe which are 2 or 3 joints of drill pipe
connected and stood in the derrick
vertically, usually to save time while
tripping pipe.
Drill string (#25) is an assembled
collection of drill pipe, heavy weight drill
pipe, drill collars and any of a whole
assortment of tools, connected and run
into the wellbore to facilitate the drilling
of a well. The collection is referred to
singularly as the drill string.
Elevators (not pictured) are hinged
devices that is used to latch to the drill
pipe or casing to facilitate the lowering
or lifting (of pipe or casing) into or out of
the wellbore.
Flow line (#28) is large diameter pipe
that is attached to the bell nipple and
extends to the shale shakers to facilitate
the flow of drilling fluid back to the mud
tanks.
Goose-neck (#10) is a thick metal elbow
connected to the swivel and standpipe
that supports the weight of and provides
a downward angle for the kelly hose to
hang from.
Kelly drive (#19) is a square, hexagonal
or octagonal shaped tubing that is
inserted through and is an integral part
of the rotary table that moves freely
vertically while the rotary table turns it.
Kelly hose (#9) is a flexible, high
pressure hose that connects the
standpipe to the kelly (or more
specifically to the gooseneck on the
swivel above the kelly) and allows free
vertical movement of the kelly, while
facilitating the flow of the drilling fluid
through the system and down the drill
string.
Racking board (#15) is the catwalk
along the side of the derrick (usually
about 35 or 40 feet above the "floor").
The monkey board is where the derrick
man works while "tripping" pipe.
Mud motor (not pictured) is a
hydraulically powered device positioned
just above the drill bit used to spin the
bit independently from the rest of the
drill string.
Mud pump (#4) is a reciprocal type of
pump used to circulate drilling fluid
through the system.
Mud tank (#1) is often called mud pits
and stores drilling fluid until it is required
down the wellbore.
Setback (#17) is a part of the drill floor
(#21) where the stands of drill pipe are
stood upright. It is typically made of a
metal frame structure with large wooden
beams situated within it. The wood
helps to protect the end of the drill pipe.
Rotary table (#20) rotates, along with its
constituent parts, the kelly and kelly
bushing, the drill string and the attached
tools and bit.
Shale shaker (#2) separates drill
cuttings from the drilling fluid before it is
pumped back down the wellbore.
Stand (#16) is a section of 2 or 3 joints
of drill pipe connected and stood upright
in the derrick. When they are pulled out
of the hole, instead of laying down each
joint of drill pipe, 2 or 3 joints are left
connected and stood in the derrick to
save time.
Standpipe (#8) is a thick metal tubing,
situated vertically along the derrick, that
facilitates the flow of drilling fluid and
has attached to it and supports one end
of the kelly hose.
Suction line (#3) is an intake line for the
mud pump to draw drilling fluid from the
mud tanks.
Swivel (#18) is the top end of the kelly
that allows the rotation of the drill string
without twisting the block.
Traveling block (#11) is the moving end
of the block and tackle. Together, they
give a significant mechanical advantage
for lifting.
Vibrating hose (#6) is a flexible, high
pressure hose (similar to the kelly hose)
that connects the mud pump to the
 stand pipe. It is called the vibrating hose
because it tends to vibrate and shake
(sometimes violently) due to its close
proximity to the mud pumps.

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