National Building Code of the Philippines (NBC)

The following are the sections and codes that are followed in conceptualizing and designing the structural plan of the
apartment building:
 Section 401. Types of Construction
Type I. The structural elements may be any of the materials permitted by this Code.

 Section 701. Occupancy Classified.

Group B. Residentials, Hotels and Apartments

 Section 805. Ceiling Heights.

Habitable rooms provided with artificial ventilation have\ ceiling heights not less than 2.40 meters measured
from the floor to the ceiling; Provided that for buildings of more than one-storey, the minimum ceiling height
of the first storey shall be 2.70 meters and that for the second storey 2.40 meters and succeeding storeys
shall have an unobstructed typical head-room clearance of not less than 2.10 meters above the finished floor.
Above stated rooms with a natural ventilation shall have ceiling height not less than 2.70 meters.

 Section 806. Size and Dimensions of Rooms.

Minimum sizes of rooms and their least horizontal dimensions shall be as follows:

1. Rooms for Human Habitations. 6.00 square meters with at least dimensions of 2.00
2. Kitchens. 3.00 square meters with at least dimension of 1.50 meters;
3. Bath and toilet. 1.20 square meters with at least dimension of 0.90 meters.

 Section 808. Window Openings.

Every room intended for any use, not provided with artificial ventilation system as herein specified in this
Code, shall be provided with a window or windows with a total free area of openings equal to at least ten
percent of the floor area of room, and such window shall open directly to a court, yard, public street or alley,
or open water courses.

National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP) 2010

Notation
𝐴𝑔 = gross area of section, mm2.

𝐴𝑠 = area of nonprestressed tension reinforcement, mm2.

𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = minimum amount of flexural reinforcement, mm2.

𝐴𝑠𝑡 = total area of nonprestressed longitudinal reinforcement (bars and steel shapes), mm2.
𝐴𝑣 = area of shear reinforcement within a distance s, mm2.
𝐴𝑣𝑓 = area of shear-friction reinforcement, mm2.

𝐴′𝑠 = area of compression reinforcement, mm2.

𝑏 = width of compression face of member, mm.
𝑏𝑤 = web width, mm.
𝑐 = distance from extreme compression fiber to neutral axis, mm.
𝑐𝑐 = clear cover from the nearest surface in tension to the surface of the flexural tension reinforcement, mm.
𝐶𝑚 = a factor relating actual moment diagram to an equivalent uniform moment diagram.
𝐷 = dead loads, or related internal moments and forces.
𝑑 = distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of tension reinforcement, mm.
𝑑′ = distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of compression reinforcement, mm.
𝑑𝑏 = nominal diameter of bar, wire, or prestressing strand, mm.
𝑑𝑐 = thickness of concrete cover measure from extreme tension fiber to center of bar or wire located closest thereto,
mm.
𝑑𝑠 = distance from extreme tension fiber to centroid of tension reinforcement, mm.
𝑑𝑡 = distance from extreme compression fiber to extreme tension steel, mm.
𝐸 = load effects of earthquake, or related internal moments and forces.
𝐸𝑐 = modulus of elasticity of concrete, MPa.
𝐸𝑠 = modulus of elasticity of reinforcement, MPa.
𝐸𝐼 = flexural stiffness of compression member, N-mm2.
𝐹 = loads due to weight and pressures of fluids with well defined densities and controllable maximum heights, or
related internal moments and forces.
𝑓′𝑐 = specified compressive strength of concrete, MPa.
𝑓𝑦 = specified yield strength of nonprestressed reinforcement, MPa.

𝑓𝑦𝑡 = specified yield strength fy

𝐻 = loads due to weight and pressure of soil, water in soil, or other materials, or related internal moments and
forces.
ℎ = overall thickness of member, mm.
𝐼 = moment of inertia of section beam about the centroidal axis, mm4.
𝐼𝑐𝑟 = moment of inertia of cracked section transformed to concrete, mm4.
𝐼𝑒 = effective moment of inertia for computation of deflection, mm4.
𝐼𝑔 = moment of inertia of gross concrete section about centroidal axis, neglecting reinforcement, mm 4.

𝐿 = live loads, or related internal moments and forces.

𝐿𝑑 = development length, mm.
𝑙𝑛 = length of clear span measured face-to-face of supports, mm.
𝑀𝑎 = maximum moment in member at stage deflection is computed.
𝑀𝑐𝑟 = cracking moment.
𝑃𝑏 = nominal axial load strength at balanced strain conditions
𝑃𝑛 = nominal axial load strength at given eccentricity.
𝑉𝑐 = nominal shear strength provided by concrete
𝑊 = wind load, or related integral moments and forces.
𝑤𝑐 = unit weight of concrete, kN/m3.
𝑤𝑢 = factored load per unit length of beam or per unit area of slab.
𝛼𝑓 = ratio of flexural stiffness of beam section to flexural stiffness of a width of slab bounded laterally by center line
of adjacent panle, if any on each side of beam.
𝛼𝑓𝑚 = average value of 𝛼𝑓 for all beams on edges of a panel.

𝛽1 = factor
𝜀𝑡 = net tensile strain in extreme tension steel at nominal strength.
𝜆 = modification factor reflection the reduced mechanical properties of lightweight concrete.
𝜆𝛥 = multiplier for additional long-time deflection 𝜌 = ration of nonprestressed tension reinforcement = 𝐴𝑠 ⁄𝑏𝑑
𝜌′ = ratio of nonprestressed compression reinforcement = 𝐴′𝑠 ⁄𝑏𝑑
𝜌𝑏 = reinforcement ratio producing balanced strain conditions
𝛷 = strength-reduction factor.
The following are the sections and codes that are followed in conceptualizing and designing the structural plan of the
residencial bulding:
 Section 203 - Combination of Load
a. Minimum densities for design loads from materials
b. Minimum design loads
c. Minimum uniform and concentrated live loads
  Section 207 - Wind Load
a. 207.5.10 Velocity Pressure
b. 207.5.6.6 Velocity Pressure Exposure Coefficient
c. 207.5.7.2 Topographic Factor
d. 207.5.4.4 Wind Directionality Factor
e. 207.5.6 Exposure

 Section 208 - Earthquake Loads

a. 208.5.1.1 Earthquake Loads
b. 208.5.2.1 Design Base Shear
c. 208.5.2.2 Structure Period

Wind Load
Section 207.5.4 Wind Directionality Factor
The wind directionality factor, Kd, shall be determined form Table 207-2. This factor Shall only be applied when used
in conjunction with load combinations specified in Section 203.3 and 203.4.
 Section 207.5.5 Importance factor
An importance factor Iw, for the building or other structure shall be determined from Table 207-3 based on
building and structure categories listed in Table 103-1.
 Section 207.5.6 Exposure
For each wind direction considered, the upwind exposure category shall be based on ground surface
roughness that is determined from natural topography, vegetation, and constructed facilities.
 Section 207.5.7 Topographic factor
The wind speed up effect shall be included in the calculation of design wind loads by using the factor k zt. If
site conditions and locations of structures do not meet all the conditions specified in Section 207.5.7.1 the
kzt= 1.0
 Section 207.5.8 Gust Effect factor
The gust effect factor shall be calculated as permitted in Sections 207.5.8.1 to 207.5.8.5, using appropriate
values for natural frequency and damping ratio as permitted in Section 207.5.8.6.
 Section 207.5.9 Enclosure Classifications
For the purpose of determining internal pressure coefficients, all buildings shall be classified as enclosed,
partially enclosed, or open as defined in Section 207.2.
Section 207.5.10 Velocity Pressure
Velocity pressure, qz, evaluated at height z shall be calculated by the following equation qz= 47.3x10-6 kz kzt
kd V2 Iw.
  Section 207.5.11 Pressure and Force Coefficients
Internal Pressure Coefficients, GCpi, shall be determined from fig. 207-5 based on building enclosure
classifications determined from Section 207.5.9

 Section 207.5.12 Rigid Building for all heights

Design wind pressures for the MWFRS of a buildings of all heights shall be determined by the following
equation;
P= qGCP – qi(GCPi)

 Section 207.5.13 Design Wind Loads on Open Buildings with Monoslope, Pitched, or Troughed Roofs
Plus and minus signs signify pressure acting toward and away from the top surface of the roof, respectively.

 Section 207.5.14 Design Wind Loads on Solid Freestanding Walls and Solid Signs
The design wind force for solid freestanding walls and solid signs shall be determined by the following
formula:
F= qhGCfAs

 Section 207.5.15 Design Wind Loads on other Structures

The design wind force for other structures shall be determined by the following equation:
F=qzGfCfAf

Earthquake Load

 Section 208.5.1 Earthquake Loads and Modeling Requirements

Structures shall be designed for ground motion producing structural response and seismic forces in any
horizontal direction. The following earthquake loads shall be used in the load combinations set forth in Section
203:
E= ρEh + Eb

 Section 208.5.2 Static Force Procedure

Section 208.5.2.1
The total design base shear in a given direction shall be determined form the following equation:
V= CvI (W)
RT
The total design base shear need not exceed the following:
V= 2.5CaI (W)
R
The Base Shear shall not be less than the following:
V= .11CaIW
  Section 208.5.2.2
The value of T shall be determined using the following method:
Determine the structure period T using Method A
T = Ct (hn)3/4

The following are the tables used in each design computations:

DEAD LOAD

LIVE LOAD

SEISMIC DATA
Occupancy Category Seismic Importance Factor I Seismic Importance Factor Ip
I. Essential facilities 1.5 1.5
II. Hazardous facilities 1.25 1.5
III. Special Occupancy Structures 1 1
IV. Standard Occupancy Strutures 1 1
V. Miscellaneous Structures 1 1
Table 208-1 Seismic Importance Factors
Soil Profile Soil Profile Name Ave. Properties for Top 30 m Soil Profile
Shear Wave Velocity SPT Undrained Shear Strenght

SA Hard Rock >1500

SB Rock 760 to 1500
Sc Very Dense Soil 360 to 760 >50 >100
SD Stiff Soil Profile 180 to 360 15 to 50 50 to 100
SE Soft Soil Profile <180 <15 <50
SF Soil Requiring Site-Specific Evaluation See Section 208.4.3.1
Table 208-2 Soil Profile Types

Zone 2 4
Z 0.2 0.4
Table 208-3 Seismic Zone Factor Z

Seismic Source Closest Distance to Known

Type Seismic Source
≤ 5 Km ≥10 Km
A 1.2 1
B 1 1
C 1 1
Table 208-4 Near-Source factor Na

Seismic Source Closest Distance to Known

Type Seismic Source
≤ 5 Km 10 Km ≥15 Km
A 1.6 1.2 1
B 1.2 1 1
C 1 1 1
Table 208-5 Near-Source factor Nv
 Seismic Zone
Soil Profile Type 2 4
Z=0.2 Z=0.4
SA 0.16 .32Na
SB 0.2 .40Na
Sc 0.24 .40Na
SD 0.28 .44Na
SE 0.34 .44Na
SF See Footnote 1 of Table 208-8
Table 208-7 Seismic Coefficient, Ca

Seismic Zone
Soil Profile Type 2 4
Z=0.2 Z=0.4
SA 0.16 .32Na
SB 0.20 .40Na
Sc 0.32 .56Na
SD 0.40 .64Na
SE 0.64 .96Na
SF See Footnote 1 of Table 208-8
Table 208-8 Seismic Coefficient, Cv

System Limitation and

Basic Seismic Force Resisting System R Ω0 Building Limitation
Zone 2 Zone 4
C. Moment Resisting Frame
Special reinforced concrete moment frames 8.5 2.8 NL NL
Table 208-11A Earthquake Force –Resisting Structural Systems of Concrete

Zone Classification Province

(Basic Wind Speed)
Zone 2 National Capital
V=200 kph Region
Table 207-1 Wind Zone for the Different Provinces of the Philippines
 Directionality
Structural Type factor Kd
Buildings
°Main Wind Force Resisting 0.85
System
°Components and Cladding 0.85
Arched Roof
Chimneys, Tanks, and Similar Structures
°Square 0.9
°Hexagonal 0.95
°Round 0.95
Soild Signs 0.85
Open Signs and Lattice Framework 0.85
Trussed Towers
°Triangular. Square, rectangular 0.85
°All other cross sections 0.95
Table 207-2 Wind Directionality factor
Occupancy Description Iw
Category
I Essential 1.15
II Hazardous 1.15
III Special Occupancy 1.15
IV Standard Occupancy 1
V Miscellaneous 0.87

RESULT OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS: - - - -