2019 Papua protests - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.

org/wiki/2019_Papua_protests

2019 Papua protests

The 2019 Papua protests refers to a series of protests by
2019 Papua protests
Papuans in Indonesia that began on 19 August 2019. They
mainly took place across Indonesian Papua, in response to the Part of the Papua conflict
arrests of 43 Papuan students in Surabaya for alleged
disrespect of the Indonesian flag.

In several locations, notably Jayapura, Sorong, Fakfak, Timika

and Manokwari, protests turned violent, with various private
buildings and public facilities damaged or burned. A Reuters
reporter from its Jakarta bureau described the unrest as
Papua's most serious in years.[5] Protesters marching in Sarmi Regency
Date 19 August 2019 – ongoing
(3 weeks)
Contents Location Various cities and towns across
Background Papua and West Papua provinces,
Timeline smaller rallies across other
August Indonesian cities
15 August rallies
Caused
16 August Incident Papuan independence
by
Protests grow movement
Internet blackout
Racist incident in Surabaya
Escalation of violence
September Goals Papuan Independence
Soldiers and militias open fire on demonstrators Status
Ban on protests Internet in Papua shut down by
Indonesian authorities
Reactions
Arrests
Indonesian government rejects
calls for independence
References
referendum
Protests continue despite
Background government ban[1]

Parties to the civil conflict

Papua, formerly a colony of the Netherlands as Netherlands
New Guinea, was annexed by Indonesia in 1969 following the Free Papua Indonesia
controversial "Act of Free Choice". In the years that followed, a Movement
low-intensity insurgency has occurred across the region. After Papuan students Indonesian Police
December 2018, tens of thousands of civilians around Nduga Indonesian Army
Regency were displaced following increased military presence Islamic Defenders Front
and fighting with separatist fighters due to a massacre of Pancasila Youth
workers constructing the Trans-Papua Highway. In an attempt Pro-Indonesia Papuans

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to reduce tensions in Casualties

the region, the
5[2]–7[3] dead 1 dead[4]
Indonesian
government granted increased autonomy to provinces comprising the region,
with sitting president Joko Widodo (Jokowi) visiting the region six times since
he was sworn into office in 2014.[6]
Map of West Papua, comprised
by the present provinces of West
Papua and Papua. Timeline

August

15 August rallies
On 15 August 2019, the anniversary of the 1962 New York Agreement and coinciding with a discussion on Papua in the
Pacific Islands Forum in Tuvalu,[7][8] protests by Papuans were held across several cities in Indonesia, including
Jayapura, Sentani, Ternate, Ambon, Bandung, Yogyakarta, Jakarta, and Malang.[9] Various Papuan student groups
joined the protests, which proceeded peacefully in Yogyakarta and Jakarta but saw dispersal by authorities and several
protesters arrested in other cities, though they were released soon afterwards. In Bandung, civil militias forced the
protesters to change the rally's location.[10] In the city of Malang, Papuan protesters clashed with counter-protesters
and later fans of the football club Arema Malang, with racist slurs from the counter-protesters. Five protesters were
reported to be "heavily injured" and virtually all protesters were injured in some way.[11][12]

16 August Incident
On 16 August 2019, around the celebrations of the Independence of Indonesia, forty-three Papuan students in
Surabaya, East Java were arrested by police following reports that an Indonesian flag was damaged outside the
building they lived in.[13] According to police accounts, the building where the students stayed was stormed by police
as a crowd was gathering outside the building preparing to assault it.[14] Civil militias from the Islamic Defenders Front
and the Pancasila Youth were reported to be present at the location and had attacked the students verbally and
physically.[15] Allegedly, the mob had yelled "Monkeys, get out" at the students.[16]

Protests grow
On 19 August, a crowd of what was estimated by an AFP reporter to be "several thousand" began protesting in
Manokwari, the capital of West Papua province. The protest turned into a riot which resulted in the local parliament
building being torched. According to Indonesian officials, three police officers were injured due to rock-throwing
protesters.[17] Aside from public facilities, some private property were also torched.[18] Some of the protesters were
carrying the Morning Star flag - the old flag of Netherlands New Guinea used by the West Papuan separatist movement
- while crying out pro-independence slogans.[14] In Indonesia, the action is punishable by up to 15 years of prison.[19]
West Papua's vice governor Mohamad Lakotani remarked that the city's economy was completely paralyzed by the
protests.[20] According to a spokesman from the National Committee for West Papua, a female protester was shot in
the ankle during the protests at Manokwari. Indonesian Armed Forces told media that 300 soldiers were deployed to
Manokwari on 21 August,[21] with an overall count of 1,200 security personnel across the week.[5]

Jayapura, the region's largest city and the provincial capital of Papua, saw hundreds of protesters who forcefully took

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down the Indonesian flag in front of governor Lukas Enembe's office.[19] Protesters also blocked the road to the city's
Sentani Airport.[22]

In the city of Sorong, protests also occurred with reported gunshots.[23] In response to the "monkey" slur in Surabaya,
some of the protesters dressed as monkeys.[16] A mob invaded the Domine Eduard Osok Airport and threw rocks at the
airport's glass windows, damaging the terminal building.[24] The attack also temporarily disrupted the airport's
operations.[25] Aside from the airport, the city's prison was also torched, resulting in the escape of 258 convicts and
injuring some prison guards,[26] though on 23 August a prison official noted that most of the escaped prisoners simply
were attempting to escape the fire and check for their families, and that most of the escapees have returned to
prison.[27]

Around 4,000-5,000 protesters rallied in the mining town of Timika, which saw the damaging of a hotel near the local
parliament of the Mimika Regency. Further clashes between protesters and police occurred in front of the parliament
building, as police dispersed a crowd waiting for Mimika's regent Eltinus Omaleng. Dozens were eventually arrested,
charged with damaging of the hotel or coercing a local car repair shop to provide tires for a tire fire. 3 policemen were
reported to be injured.[28][29][30]

Thousands of protesters also rallied in the town of Fakfak on 21 August, which saw a local market and office building
torched and protesters blocking roads to the Fakfak Torea Airport. Police also fired tear gas on the protesters to
disperse the crowds. According to an Indonesian police spokesman, the situation was "contained" and only around 50
people were involved in the torching of the market building. Several people were injured in the protests and clashes.
[31][32]

Rallies were also held in the towns of Merauke, Nabire, Yahukimo and Biak.[21][23][33]

Internet blackout
Papuan students in Jakarta also held a rally in front of the Ministry of Home Affairs on 22 August.[34] On the same
day, the Indonesian government announced a total internet blackout in both regions of Papua.[35]

More peaceful protests continued, with a peaceful "long march" in Sarmi Regency on 23 August[36] and a pro-
independence rally in Semarang the following day.[37] Other rallies protesting the racism were also held in
Yogyakarta,[38] Bandung[39] and Denpasar,[40] among others. Some activists noted that the protests were the largest to
happen in the region for years.[41]

Protests continued on 26 August, with the West Papuan flag being flown by peaceful protesters in Deiyai Regency
numbering 5,000 according to organizers, alongside simultaneous rallies in the Papuan towns of Wamena, Paniai,
Yahukimo, and Dogiyai in addition to off-Papua cities such as Makassar.[42] The protest later grew to over 7,000
participants.[43]

On 28 August, protesters in Deiyai demanded Deiyai's regent sign a petition demanding an independence referendum,
but according to official accounts a large mob attacked officers guarding the location, and in the ensuing clashes one
Indonesian Army sergeant was killed and some officers injured. There were also reports of civilian casualties -
according to the Indonesian National Police, two civilians were killed[44] while local media Suara Papua reported six
fatalities.[4][45] Local human rights activists reported seven civilian deaths.[3] The police later stated that five
protesters were killed following an attempt to seize police weapons.[2]

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Escalation of violence
On 29 August, Protesters reportedly charged and torched several government buildings and a shopping center. The
Indonesian police reacted by firing tear gas and rubber bullets at the demonstrators.[46]

On the morning of 30 August, continued violent protests resulted in the General Elections Commission branch in
Jayapura to be torched, burning documents of local representatives elected in the 2019 election. Protesters had also
torched buildings and cars the previous day in the city,[5][47] breaking into a prison in Abepura district.[48] That night,
a further 1,250 security personnel were deployed to Jayapura.[5]

On the same day, pro-independence protesters occupied the provincial governor's buildings. The protests spread
outside the regions of Papua and West Papua, with pro-papuan independence protests even being held in the
Indonesian capital of Jakarta.[49][50]

September

Soldiers and militias open fire on demonstrators

On 1 September, three West Papuan students had reportedly been shot in their university dormitories by pro-
government militia groups. Footage emerged of Indonesian soldiers firing live rounds into nonviolent protesting
crowds during the previous week, killing 6-8 demonstrators.[51][52] Indonesian police arrested dozens of
demonstrators involved in the protests. Indonesian authorities allege the arrested demonstrators had taken part in the
torching of government buildings on 29 August.[53] A young Papuan man was reportedly killed after Indonesian police
arrived to disperse a demonstration in Abepura.[54]

Ban on protests
On 2 September, the Indonesian government flew an additional 6,000 police and military servicemen into West Papua
amidst the internet blackout. Indonesian authorities banned what they deemed were "violent protests" and warned
that any person caught "supporting separatism" or "expressing separatist opinions" in public would be arrested and
charged with treason.[1] Indonesian immigration authorities announced that four Australian nationals that had
allegedly taken part in pro-independence demonstrations would be deported from the country.[55][56]

On the same day, the Indonesian government announced that access to the regions of Papua and West Papua to
foreign nationals would be restricted.[57] Indonesian police blocked a pro-independence march on Manokwari.[58]

On Wednesday, 4 September, Indonesian police chief Luki Hermawan accused human rights lawyer Veronica Koman
of sparking the Papua protests by using her Twitter account to spread information about the arrest of 43 Papuan
students in East Java, stating that "she was very active in spreading provocative news."[59] Indonesia's national police
chief vowed to find and arrest suspected activists, and stated that the police "will chase them ... we already know who
they are."[60]

The United Nations Human Rights Office issued a statement condemning the violence in West Papua, calling on
Indonesian authorities to restrain nationalist militias targeting protesters and prevent the ongoing by that point
intimidation of journalists, human rights defenders and students. The office also called for official dialogue between
the Indonesian government and the people of Papua.[61]

On 5 September, the Indonesian government partially lifted the internet blackout that it had imposed on the region,

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while warning that it could abruptly reinstate it any point, if it deems that the situation had "worsened".[62][63]

Reactions
Responding to the protests, the Indonesian Ministry of Communication and Information Technology implemented an
internet shutdown around Sorong, in a move that was stated to be one to combat disinformation,[16] later expanded to
cover the entire region.[5] The ministry also reported to have shut down social media accounts which "shared
provocative content".[28] The internet shutdown resulted in another protest against the ministry in Jakarta by rights
organisations.[64]

In the night of 19 August, President Joko Widodo released a statement urging calm and noted to the Papuans that "it's
OK to be emotional, but it's better to be forgiving. Patience is also better.".[65] Joko Widodo also prepared a visit to the
region.[16] Coordinating Minister for Political, Legal, and Security Affairs Wiranto also released a statement which
promised a "complete and fair" investigation into the incident in Surabaya and added that the situation in Papua was
under control.[65] Wiranto further claimed that a "certain party" was benefitting from the chaotic situation.[5] also
stated that he had instructed security forces to avoid repressive measures and not use regular ammunition, and
rejected the possibility of a referendum.[48] National Police chief Tito Karnavian claimed that the riots had been caused
by, aside from the incident in Surabaya and treatment of the involved students, a hoax about one of the students being
killed during their detention.[65]

Deputy Speaker of the People's Representative Council Fadli Zon called for an investigation into parties responsible for
the racism incident in Surabaya.[66] East Java's regional police formed a team to investigate the accusations.[67] Bishop
of Amboina Petrus Canisius Mandagi called for peaceful protests and remarked that Papuans "should not be savage
like those who spout racism".[68] Indonesian Senator from Papua Yorrys Raweyai called for the disbandment of
Nahdlatul Ulama's Banser, claiming that the militia's disbandment was a demand from the protesters at Sorong.[69]
Papua governor Lukas Enembe visited the Papuan students' building in Surabaya on 27 August but he was turned away
by the students, who had been rejecting all visitors such as Surabaya's mayor Tri Rismaharini.[70][71]

Tri Susanti, a Gerindra member and a leader of the Surabaya protests against the Papuan students, publicly apologized
following the protests across Papua and denied accusations of physical violence against the students.[72]

West Papuan independence figure Benny Wenda commented that the incident in Surabaya had "lit the bonfire of
nearly 60 years of racism, discrimination and torture of the people of West Papua by Indonesia".[41] A spokesperson
for the West Papua Liberation Army (a pro-independence armed group) stated that the group had not participated in
the protests.[48]

Arrests
Following the protests, dozens of people were arrested under various charges. In Jayapura alone, police reported
arresting 28 suspects under charges of looting and damaging buildings, among others. Two students in Jakarta who
allegedly flew the West Papuan flag were arrested under charges of treason.[73]

Four Australian citizens were deported from Sorong by Indonesian authorities for having allegedly taken part in the
protests.[74] On 9 September, police arrested 18 people from the student dormitory of Cenderawasih University in
Jayapura.[75]

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