Q1.

Find out the value of molecular weight of the given compounds:

(i) CH4 (ii)H2O (iii)CO2

Ans.

(i)CH4 :

Molecular weight of methane, CH4

= (1 x Atomic weight of carbon) + (4 x Atomic weight of hydrogen)

= [1(12.011 u) +4 (1.008u)]

= 12.011u + 4.032 u

= 16.043 u

(ii) H2O :

Molecular weight of water, H2O

= (2 x Atomic weight of hydrogen) + (1 x Atomic weight of oxygen)

= [2(1.0084) + 1(16.00 u)]

= 2.016 u +16.00 u

= 18.016u

So approximately

= 18.02 u

(iii) CO2 :

= Molecular weight of carbon dioxide, CO2

= (1 x Atomic weight of carbon) + (2 x Atomic weight of oxygen)

= [1(12.011 u) + 2(16.00 u)]

= 12.011 u +32.00 u

= 44.011 u
So approximately

= 44.01u

Q2. Sodium Sulphate (Na2SO4) has various elements, find out the mass percentage of each
element.

Ans.

Now for Na2SO4.

Molar mass of Na2SO4

= [(2 x 23.0) + (32.066) + 4(16.00)]

=142.066 g

Formula to calculate mass percent of an element =

MassofthatelementinthecompoundMolarmassofthecompound×100

Therefore, Mass percent of the sodium element:

= 46.0g142.066g×100

= 32.379

=32.4%

Mass percent of the sulphur element:

=32.066g142.066g×100

= 22.57

=22.6%

Mass percent of the oxygen element:

= 64.0g142.066g×100

=45.049

=45.05%

Q3. Find out the empirical formula of an oxide of iron having 69.9% Fe and 30.1% O2 by mass.
Ans.

Percent of Fe by mass = 69.9 % [As given above]

Percent of O2 by mass = 30.1 % [As given above]

Relative moles of Fe in iron oxide:

= percentofironbymassAtomicmassofiron

= 69.955.85

= 1.25

Relative moles of O in iron oxide:

= percentofoxygenbymassAtomicmassofoxygen

= 30.116.00

= 1.88
Simplest molar ratio of Fe to O:

= 1.25: 1.88

= 1: 1.5

≈ 2: 3

Therefore, empirical formula of iron oxide is Fe2O3.

Q4. Find out the amount of CO2 that can be produced when

(i) 1 mole carbon is burnt in air.

(ii) 1 mole carbon is burnt in 16 g of O2.

(iii) 2 moles carbon are burnt in 16 g O2.

Ans.

(i) 1 mole of carbon is burnt in air.

C+O2→CO2

1 mole of carbon reacts with 1 mole of O2 to form one mole of CO2.

Amount of CO2 produced = 44 g

(ii) 1 mole of carbon is burnt in 16 g of O2.

1 mole of carbon burnt in 32 grams of O2 it forms 44 grams of CO2.

Therefore, 16 grams of O2 will form 44×1632

= 22 grams of CO2

(iii) 2 moles of carbon are burnt in 16 g of O2.

If 1 mole of carbon are burnt in 16grams of O2 it forms 22 grams of CO2

Therefore, if 2 moles of carbon are burnt it will form

= 2×221
= 44g of CO2

Q5. Find out the mass of CH3COONa(sodium acetate) required to make 500 mL of 0.375 molar
aqueous solution. Molar mass of CH3COONa is 82.0245gmol−1

Ans.

0.375 Maqueous solution of CH3COONa

= 1000 mL of solution containing 0.375 moles of CH3COONa

Therefore, no. of moles of CH3COONa in 500 mL

= 0.3751000×1000

= 0.1875 mole

Molar mass of sodium acetate = 82.0245gmol−1

Therefore, mass that is required of CH3COONa

= (82.0245gmol−1)(0.1875mole)

= 15.38 gram
Q6. A sample of HNO3 has a density of 1.41gmL−1 find the concentration of HNO3 in moles per
litre and the mass percent of HNO3 in it is 69%.

Ans.

Mass percent of HNO3 in sample is 69 %

Thus, 100 g of HNO3 contains 69 g of HNO3 by mass.

Molar mass of HNO3

= { 1 + 14 + 3(16)} gmol−1

= 1 + 14 + 48

=63gmol−1

Now, No. of moles in 69 g of HNO3:

= 69g63gmol−1

= 1.095 mol
Volume of 100g HNO3 solution

= Massofsolutiondensityofsolution

= 100g1.41gmL−1

= 70.92mL

= 70.92×10−3L

Concentration of HNO3

= 1.095mole70.92×10−3L

= 15.44mol/L

Therefore, Concentration of HNO3 = 15.44 mol/L

Q7. How much Cu (Copper) can be obtained from 100 gram of CuSO4( copper sulphate)?

Ans.

1 mole of CuSO4 contains 1 mole of Cu.

Molar mass of CuSO4

= (63.5) + (32.00) + 4(16.00)

= 63.5 + 32.00 + 64.00

= 159.5 gram

159.5 gram of CuSO4 contains 63.5 gram of Cu.

Therefore, 100 gram of CuSO4 will contain 63.5×100g159.5 of Cu.

= 63.5×100159.5

=39.81 gram

Q8. The mass percent of iron and oxygen in an oxide of iron is 69.9 and 30.1 calculate the
molecular formula of the oxide of iron. 159.69gmol−1 is the given molar mass of an oxide.
Ans.

Here,

Mass percent of Fe = 69.9%

Mass percent of O = 30.1%

No. of moles of Fe present in oxide

= 69.9055.85

= 1.25

No. of moles of O present in oxide

= 30.116.0

=1.88
Ratio of Fe to O in oxide,

= 1.25: 1.88

= 1.251.25:1.881.25

=1:1.5

= 2:3

Therefore, the empirical formula of oxide is Fe2O3

Empirical formula mass of Fe2O3

= [2(55.85) + 3(16.00)] gr

= 159.69 g

Therefore n = MolarmassEmpiricalformulamass=159.69g159.7g

= 0.999
= 1(approx)

The molecular formula of a compound can be obtained by multiplying n and the empirical
formula.

Thus, the empirical of the given oxide is Fe2O3 and n is 1.

Q9. Find out the atomic mass (average) of chlorine using the following data:

Percentage Natural Abundance Molar Mass

35Cl 75.77 34.9689

37Cl 24.23 36.9659

Ans.

Average atomic mass of Cl.

=[(Fractional abundance of 35Cl)(molar mass of 35Cl)+(fractional abundance of 37Cl )(Molar

mass of 37Cl )]
=[{(75.77100(34.9689u) } + {(24.23100(34.9659u) }]

= 26.4959 + 8.9568

= 35.4527 u

Therefore, the average atomic mass of Cl = 35.4527 u

Q10. In 3 moles of ethane (C2H6), calculate the given below:

(a) No. of moles of C- atoms

(b) No. of moles of H- atoms.

(c) No. of molecules of C2H6.

Ans.

(a) 1 mole C2H6 contains two moles of C- atoms.

∴ No. of moles of C- atoms in 3 moles of C2H6.

=2*3

=6

(b) 1 mole C2H6 contains six moles of H- atoms.

∴ No. of moles of C- atoms in 3 moles of C2H6.

=3*6

= 18

(c) 1 mole C2H6 contains six moles of H- atoms.

∴ No. of molecules in 3 moles of C2H6.

= 3 * 6.023 * 1023

= 18.069 * 1023
Q11. What is the concentration of sugar C12H22O11 in mol L−1 if its 20 gram are dissolved in
enough H2O to make a final volume up to 2 Litre?

Ans.

Molarity (M) is as given by,

= NumberofmolesofsoluteVolumeofsolutioninLitres

= MassofsugarMolarmassofsugar2L

= 20g[(12×12)+(1×22)+(11×16)]g]2L

= 20g342g2L

= 0.0585mol2L

= 0.02925 molL−1

Therefore, Molar concentration = 0.02925 molL−1Q1. Find out the value of molecular weight of
the given compounds:

(i) CH4 (ii)H2O (iii)CO2

Ans.

(i)CH4 :

Molecular weight of methane, CH4

= (1 x Atomic weight of carbon) + (4 x Atomic weight of hydrogen)

= [1(12.011 u) +4 (1.008u)]

= 12.011u + 4.032 u

= 16.043 u

(ii) H2O :

Molecular weight of water, H2O

= (2 x Atomic weight of hydrogen) + (1 x Atomic weight of oxygen)

= [2(1.0084) + 1(16.00 u)]

= 2.016 u +16.00 u

= 18.016u

So approximately

= 18.02 u

(iii) CO2 :

= Molecular weight of carbon dioxide, CO2

= (1 x Atomic weight of carbon) + (2 x Atomic weight of oxygen)

= [1(12.011 u) + 2(16.00 u)]

= 12.011 u +32.00 u

= 44.011 u

So approximately

= 44.01u
Q2. Sodium Sulphate (Na2SO4) has various elements, find out the mass percentage of each
element.

Ans.

Now for Na2SO4.

Molar mass of Na2SO4

= [(2 x 23.0) + (32.066) + 4(16.00)]

=142.066 g

Formula to calculate mass percent of an element =

MassofthatelementinthecompoundMolarmassofthecompound×100

Therefore, Mass percent of the sodium element:

= 46.0g142.066g×100

= 32.379
=32.4%

Mass percent of the sulphur element:

=32.066g142.066g×100

= 22.57

=22.6%

Mass percent of the oxygen element:

= 64.0g142.066g×100

=45.049

=45.05%

Q3. Find out the empirical formula of an oxide of iron having 69.9% Fe and 30.1% O2 by mass.

Ans.
Percent of Fe by mass = 69.9 % [As given above]

Percent of O2 by mass = 30.1 % [As given above]

Relative moles of Fe in iron oxide:

= percentofironbymassAtomicmassofiron

= 69.955.85

= 1.25

Relative moles of O in iron oxide:

= percentofoxygenbymassAtomicmassofoxygen

= 30.116.00

= 1.88

Simplest molar ratio of Fe to O:

= 1.25: 1.88

= 1: 1.5

≈ 2: 3

Therefore, empirical formula of iron oxide is Fe2O3.

Q4. Find out the amount of CO2 that can be produced when

(i) 1 mole carbon is burnt in air.

(ii) 1 mole carbon is burnt in 16 g of O2.

(iii) 2 moles carbon are burnt in 16 g O2.

Ans.

(i) 1 mole of carbon is burnt in air.

C+O2→CO2

1 mole of carbon reacts with 1 mole of O2 to form one mole of CO2.

Amount of CO2 produced = 44 g

(ii) 1 mole of carbon is burnt in 16 g of O2.

1 mole of carbon burnt in 32 grams of O2 it forms 44 grams of CO2.

Therefore, 16 grams of O2 will form 44×1632

= 22 grams of CO2

(iii) 2 moles of carbon are burnt in 16 g of O2.

If 1 mole of carbon are burnt in 16grams of O2 it forms 22 grams of CO2

Therefore, if 2 moles of carbon are burnt it will form

= 2×221

= 44g of CO2
Q5. Find out the mass of CH3COONa(sodium acetate) required to make 500 mL of 0.375 molar
aqueous solution. Molar mass of CH3COONa is 82.0245gmol−1

Ans.

0.375 Maqueous solution of CH3COONa

= 1000 mL of solution containing 0.375 moles of CH3COONa

Therefore, no. of moles of CH3COONa in 500 mL

= 0.3751000×1000

= 0.1875 mole

Molar mass of sodium acetate = 82.0245gmol−1

Therefore, mass that is required of CH3COONa

= (82.0245gmol−1)(0.1875mole)

= 15.38 gram

Q6. A sample of HNO3 has a density of 1.41gmL−1 find the concentration of HNO3 in moles per
litre and the mass percent of HNO3 in it is 69%.

Ans.

Mass percent of HNO3 in sample is 69 %

Thus, 100 g of HNO3 contains 69 g of HNO3 by mass.

Molar mass of HNO3

= { 1 + 14 + 3(16)} gmol−1

= 1 + 14 + 48

=63gmol−1

Now, No. of moles in 69 g of HNO3:

= 69g63gmol−1

= 1.095 mol
Volume of 100g HNO3 solution

= Massofsolutiondensityofsolution

= 100g1.41gmL−1

= 70.92mL

= 70.92×10−3L

Concentration of HNO3

= 1.095mole70.92×10−3L

= 15.44mol/L

Therefore, Concentration of HNO3 = 15.44 mol/L

Q7. How much Cu (Copper) can be obtained from 100 gram of CuSO4( copper sulphate)?

Ans.
1 mole of CuSO4 contains 1 mole of Cu.

Molar mass of CuSO4

= (63.5) + (32.00) + 4(16.00)

= 63.5 + 32.00 + 64.00

= 159.5 gram

159.5 gram of CuSO4 contains 63.5 gram of Cu.

Therefore, 100 gram of CuSO4 will contain 63.5×100g159.5 of Cu.

= 63.5×100159.5

=39.81 gram

Q8. The mass percent of iron and oxygen in an oxide of iron is 69.9 and 30.1 calculate the
molecular formula of the oxide of iron. 159.69gmol−1 is the given molar mass of an oxide.

Ans.
Here,

Mass percent of Fe = 69.9%

Mass percent of O = 30.1%

No. of moles of Fe present in oxide

= 69.9055.85

= 1.25

No. of moles of O present in oxide

= 30.116.0

=1.88

Ratio of Fe to O in oxide,
= 1.25: 1.88

= 1.251.25:1.881.25

=1:1.5

= 2:3

Therefore, the empirical formula of oxide is Fe2O3

Empirical formula mass of Fe2O3

= [2(55.85) + 3(16.00)] gr

= 159.69 g

Therefore n = MolarmassEmpiricalformulamass=159.69g159.7g

= 0.999

= 1(approx)
The molecular formula of a compound can be obtained by multiplying n and the empirical
formula.

Thus, the empirical of the given oxide is Fe2O3 and n is 1.

Q9. Find out the atomic mass (average) of chlorine using the following data:

Percentage Natural Abundance Molar Mass

35Cl 75.77 34.9689

37Cl 24.23 36.9659

Ans.

Average atomic mass of Cl.

=[(Fractional abundance of 35Cl)(molar mass of 35Cl)+(fractional abundance of 37Cl )(Molar

mass of 37Cl )]

=[{(75.77100(34.9689u) } + {(24.23100(34.9659u) }]
= 26.4959 + 8.9568

= 35.4527 u

Therefore, the average atomic mass of Cl = 35.4527 u

Q10. In 3 moles of ethane (C2H6), calculate the given below:

(a) No. of moles of C- atoms

(b) No. of moles of H- atoms.

(c) No. of molecules of C2H6.

Ans.

(a) 1 mole C2H6 contains two moles of C- atoms.

∴ No. of moles of C- atoms in 3 moles of C2H6.

=2*3

=6

(b) 1 mole C2H6 contains six moles of H- atoms.

∴ No. of moles of C- atoms in 3 moles of C2H6.

=3*6

= 18

(c) 1 mole C2H6 contains six moles of H- atoms.

∴ No. of molecules in 3 moles of C2H6.

= 3 * 6.023 * 1023

= 18.069 * 1023

Q11. What is the concentration of sugar C12H22O11 in mol L−1 if its 20 gram are dissolved in
enough H2O to make a final volume up to 2 Litre?
Ans.

Molarity (M) is as given by,

= NumberofmolesofsoluteVolumeofsolutioninLitres

= MassofsugarMolarmassofsugar2L

= 20g[(12×12)+(1×22)+(11×16)]g]2L

= 20g342g2L

= 0.0585mol2L

= 0.02925 molL−1

Therefore, Molar concentration = 0.02925 molL−1