BAB 1 INTRODUCTION

I. Self Introducting
To introduce myself, we can use the ways as follow :
1. Greeting is an expression used to greet someone. Greeting can expressed with eye contact, shaking
hand, etc. The situation in greeting consist 2 part. There are Formal & informal.
We greet our friends by saying :
a. Formal Giving Responses
We greet our friends by saying : - Hi! - Hi!
Giving Responses - Hai my friends - Hai.
- Hello - Hello - What’s up? - Just Fine, Thanks
- Good morning - Good morning. - What’s news? - Great. Thanks
- Good afternoon - Good afternoon. - Good morning all - Good morning.
- Good evening - Good evening. of my friends
- How nice to see - Yes, it’s been so - How’re you - Not bad.
you nice. doing?
- How are you? - Fine, thanks.
- How do you do? - How do you do?

b. Informal

2. Using the expressions introduce:

- May I introduce myself? - Let me introduce myself
- Can I introduce myself? - I want to introduce myself
- I would like to introduce myself
3. Mention
a. the name,by saying : c. the hobby/interesting
- My name is ... - My hobby is
- I am ..... - I am interst in
b. the address,by saying : - I like ….
- My address in ... d. the old/age
- I am from..... - I am …. years old.
- I live in..... - I was born in …..
4. Offering question, by saying :
Any question for me ?
5. Closing
To end up the self introduction, we can say
- That is my introduction - I think that's all
- I think that's all - Nice to meet you
- Thank for your attention - It’s a pleasure to meet you
- Thank you

II. Introducing one to others

To untroduce someone to others, we can use the want as follow :
1. Greeting,by saying :
- Good morning - Hi - Hello
2. Asking condition and activity,like :
- Where are you ? - What are you doing here ? - How is everything ?
3. Introducing others, by using the following expression :
- May I introduce you to.... - Let me introduce you to....
- Can I introduce you to.... - I'd like to introduce you to....
- Could I introduce you to.... - I want to introduce you to....
4. Mention her/his name, by saying :
- She's.... / He's.... - Her / His name is....
5. Shaking hands each others, and say :
 - How do you do ? - I'm..... - Pleased to meet
- How are you? - My name is.... you
And than followed - Nice to meet you... - Happy to meet you
by saying : - Glad to see you

PROFESSEION
No Job Description Place
1 Barber/hairdresser A person that who cuts and styles hair Barbershop
2 Chemist/scientist A person that experiments and searches for new Laboratory
knowledge about chemicals and uses it to improve
the way we live.
3 Waitress A person that takes people’s orders in restaurant Restaurant
and serves food
4 Gardener A person that to maintain the beauty of plants, Garden
outdoor grounds and trees in the garden.
5 Headmaster A person that a man heading the staff of a private School
school.
6 House Wife/home keeper A person that a women whose work is running or Home
managing her family’s home everyday
7 Judge A person that the chief judicial officer of a court Court
and judge are appointed or elected to preside over
a specific court
8 Mechanic A person that repairs machines and vehicles such Workshop
as cars and busses.
9 Policeman / police officer A person that keeps people safe. Police station
10 Postman A person that required to deliver letters, parcels or Post office
cards to business and homes
11 Sailor A person that work on freighters, tankers, and Ship
passenger ship and are responsible for repairing,
stowing and preparing most deck equipment .
12 Shopkeeper A person that may manage their own independent Shop
corner shop.

-Does it relate to a family relationship?

-Am I female?
-Am I a mother?

- Does it relate to a profession?

- Do I work in a hospital?
- Am I a medical doctor?

-Does it relate to a hobby?

-Am I an outdoor activity?
-Am I related to music?

brother, sister, father, mother, teacher, medical doctor, barista, engineer, footballer, author, computer
programmer, police officer, musician, painting, reading, singing, hiking, going shopping, outdoor guide
I. Complete the blanks with suitable expressions!
1. Slamet : What is your father, nem?
Painem : He is a............................
Slamet : What does he do?
Painem : He plants rice
Slamet : Where does he work?
Painem : He works ......................
2. Gombol : What is your mother, Jo?
Bejo : She is a............................
Gombol : What does she do?
Bejo : She teaches students
Gombol : Where does she work?
Bejo : Se works ......................
3. Daun : What is your brother, Pran?
Kamran : He is a Fisherman
Daun : What does he do?
Kamran : He ..................................
Daun : Where does he work?
Kamran : He works ......................
4. Tonah : What is your sister, Ti?
Siti : She is a nurse
Tonah : What does she do?
Siti : She ...............................
Tonah : Where does she work?
Siti : Se works ......................
5. Doto : What is your uncle, To?
Roto : He is a ...........................
Doto : What does he do?
Roto : He ..................................
Doto : Where does he work?
Roto : He works in the post office

II. Complete the following passage using the option provided below!
Hello, My name (1)____ Fayyad Shidqi. I (2)_______ a student. I (3)_________ at MTs Walisongo
Tulis. I go to (4)____________ on time. I never (5)_________ late. One of my favorite subject is
(6)_____________. I love it because the teacher (7)____________ it very clear and interesting for me. I
understand what he explains to me. Someday, I want to be a guide in Bali So I must (8) _________
speaking English hard. Every day, my father (9)_________ me to study it. He never (10) ________ tired to
accompany me.
a. feels d. practise g. come j. school
b. is e. Study h. English
c. helps f. teaches i. am
 Exercise Unit 1 - Introduction

I. Read carefully and choose the correct answer between A, B, C, D, or E

1. Tata is a new member of Teratai English Club. b. I want to invite

She introduced herself c. I like you to visit
Tata : Ladies and gentlemen.................. d. I’m glad to help
a. Allow me to introduce myself. e. I want to go
b. I am happy to meet you.
c. Let me introduce you to the audiences. 6. Gita : This is Mrs. Ina, an old friend of
d. May I introduce you to theaudiences. mine.
e. Nice to meet you Gilang : ……………..
a. Pleased to meet you
2. Ega was at a party. There were a lot of guests b. How are you getting on?
there that Ega didn’t know. c. May I know your name
Ega : Excuse me, My name is Ega Rustandi. d. You’re welcome
Guest : Hello, Ega. I’m John. How do you do? e. What’s the news?
John :...........................
a. Nice to see you. 7. Ratu : Deti, .........................
b. How do you do? Deti : Pleased to meet you.
c. Fine, thanks Iman : Pleased to meet you too.
d. I'm glad to know you. a. Iman wants to meet you
e. Good bye b. Don’t you Iman is my friend
c. I’d like you to meet my friend
3. May I introduce myself? d. Please introduce yourself to Iman
The underlined word has the same meaning e. Iman wants to leave you now
as?
a. Acquaint 8. ………. , My name is Budi.
b. Deduce Hello. I’m Asep. Pleased to meet you.
c. Contest a. Do you know my name
d. Annoy b. I don’t think we have met
e. Dedicate c. I’m very happy to meet you
d. Do you want to know me
4. Yana : Jia, this is my new friend, his name is e. Do you love me
Dika. He is a company director.
Jia : Hi Dika. 9. Ladies and gentlemen, I’d like to introduce my
Dika : Hello, Jia.................? Nice to meet self. ………. I am a lecturer at UPI.
you. a. I am Nunu.
Jia : Everything is alright, Nice to meet b. I want you to call me Nunu.
you, too. c. Call me Nunu.
a. How are things with you d. Nunu is good name, isn’t it.
b. What are you. e. Nunu is my friend.
c. May I help you
d. How are you 10. How do you do? It’s nice to meet you.
e. How do you do ……………………
a. Me too
5. Jannete : Mr. Dodi, ………. my father. b. I should be nice
Mr. Dodi : How do you do, Mr. Hendy. c. Do you?
Mr. Hendi : How do you do, Mr. Kevin. d. Am I nice
a. I’d like to introduce e. How do you do? Nice to meet you too.
II.Guess the jobs/occupation below!
1. I am responsible for delivering letters to the addressees. I am a ...
2. This man works in a garmet factory. He designs and makes clothes. He is a ...
3. This woman works in a restaurant. She is responsible for serving the customers who wants to order menu. She
is a ...
4. They work in the rice field and plant rice They are ...
5. These people work to make tables, chairs, cupboards. They are ...
6. Rudi cures patients in the hospital. Hes is a ...
7. A person who is responsible to extinguish fire is a ....
8. He repairs motorcyle, car etc. He is a ...
9. She manages the traffic on the road. She is a ...
10. They represent Indonesia on Asian Games events. They are ..
Kunci Jawaban
1. A 6. A
2. B 7. C
3. A 8. B
4. A 9. A
5. A 10. E
Personal Pronoun
Pengertian Personal Pronoun
Personal pronoun adalah pronoun (kata ganti) yang digunakan untuk orang, hewan, benda, atau hal secara
spesifik. Kata ganti ini tergantung pada peran (subject, object, possessive), jumlah, orang ke-, dan gender dari noun
yang digantikan.
Perubahan Bentuk pada Personal Pronoun
Berbeda dengan noun yang memiliki bentuk yang sama ketika berfungsi sebagai subject atau object dan
penambahan apostrophe ketika berfungsi sebagai possessive, perubahan pada kata ganti ini mengacu pada beberapa
parameter, yaitu:
 case (subjective, objective, dan possessive)
 number (singular dan plural)
 person (first, second, dan third)
 gender (female, male, dan neutral)
Perubahan bentuk pada kata ganti ini dapat dilihat pada tabel sebagai berikut.
Case
Number Person
Subjective Objective Possessive
1st I me mine
Singular 2nd you you yours
3rd she, he, it her, him, it hers, his, its
1st we us Ours
Plural 2nd you you Yours
3rd they them Theirs
personal pronoun dan noun

Subjective, Objective, dan Possessive Personal Pronoun

Personal pronoun dapat berfungsi sebagai subject, object,
maupun possessive (parameter case). Berikut penjelasan
penjelasan dan contoh kalimatnya.

Peran Personal Pronoun Penjelasan dan Contoh Kalimat Personal Pronoun

 He is a politician.
Subjective personal pronouns (I, you, they, we,
(Dia adalah politisi.)
she, he, it) berarti personal pronoun berfungsi
 It is the most delicious cake that I have ever eaten.
sebagai subject.
(Ini kue terlezat yang saya pernah makan.)
object of verb
 He lent me two interesting books.
(Dia meminjami saya dua buku yang menarik.)
Objective personal pronouns (me, you, us, them,  None understands why the man really loves her.
her, him, it) berarti personal pronoun dapat (Tak satupun mengerti kenapa pria tersebut mencintai
berfungsi sebagai: dia.)
 object of verb  Everybody is enthusiastic to help her.
 object of preposition (Setiap orang antusias membantunya.)
object of preposition
 If only he shared his problem with me.
(Seandainya dia membagi masalahnya kepada saya.)
Possessive personal pronouns (mine, yours, ours, subject of sentence
theirs, hers, his) berarti personal pronoun berfungsi  Yours was sent yesterday.
untuk menunjukkan siapa yang memiliki sesuatu (Milikmu dikirim kemarin)
dengan menempati posisi sebagai: subject of a  Mine is the biggest one.
sentence, subject complement, atau objek. (Punyaku yang terbesar.)
subject complement
 The red and black car is his.
(Mobil merah-hitam tsb milik dia.)
 That is ours.
(Itu punya kita.)
Posisi Personal Pronoun sebagai 1st, 2nd, dan 3rd Person
Personal pronoun dapat menempati posisi sebagai 1st person, 2nd person, atau 3rd person (parameter person).
Penjelasan dan contoh kalimatnya sebagai berikut.
Fungsi Contoh Kalimat Personal Pronoun
I would be very happy if you lent me a little
money.
(Saya akan sangat senang jika kamu
1st person — orang pertama (I, me, we, us) digunakan ketika
meminjami saya sedikit uang.)
sedang berbicara sebagai orang pertama (diri sendiri), kita dapat
We‘re looking for a philanthropist to
menggunakan kata ganti daripada menggunakan namanya.
support us.
(Kami sedang mencari seorang dermawan
untuk mendukung kami.)
You shouldn’t put yours anywhere.
2nd person — orang kedua (you) digunakan ketika sedang (Kamu tidak seharnya meletakkan milikmu
berbicara dengan orang lain (bertindak sebagai orang kedua), kita dimana-mana.)
dapat menggunakan kata ganti untuk orang kedua daripada I will help you to get yours.
menyebut nama aslinya. (Saya akan membantumu mendapatkan
milikmu.)
Ferdi is a generous man. He always sets
3rd person — orang ketiga (she, he, it, her, him, it, they, them) aside his for the poor and visits the orphanage.
digunakan ketika sedang membicarakan orang lain (orang lain Everybody likes him.
bertindak sebagai orang ketiga), kita dapat menyebut namanya (Ferdi adalah orang yang pemurah. Dia selalu
pada permulaan pembicaraan, selanjutnya diganti dengan kata menyisihkan miliknya untuk orang miskin dan
ganti orang ketiga. mengunjungi panti asuhan. Setiap orang
menyukainya.)
Appositive dan Personal Pronoun
Personal Pronoun dapat digunakan pada appositive. Jika appositive menerangkan subject, kata ganti yang
digunakan adalah subjective personal pronouns (I, you, they, we, she, he, it). Sebaliknya jika appositive
menerangkan object, maka kata ganti yang digunakan adalah objective personal pronouns (me, you, us, them,
her, him, it).

Contoh Kalimat Appositive dan Personal Pronoun

No Contoh Kalimat Appositive dan Personal Pronoun

The team, Atiek and he, got two gold medals.
(Tim tersebut, Atiek dan dia, mendapatkan dua medali emas.)
Keterangan:
1
 The team= subject
 Atiek and he = appositive
 he = subjective pp
Diana invited her best friends, Vina and me, to her wedding party.
(Diana mengundang teman-teman baiknya, Vina dan saya, ke pesta pernikahannya.)
Keterangan:
2
 her best friend = object
 Vina and me= appositive
 me = objective pp
Catatan:

Formula yang sopan menempatkan kata ganti ini (subjective dan objective) setelah nama orang lain (Atiek and he,
Vina and me).

Possessive Pronouns
Possessive Pronoun adalah kata ganti yang berfungsi untuk menunjukkan kepemilikan. Di dalam suatu
kalimat, kata ini dapat menempati posisi sebagai subject, subject complement, atau direct object.

Possessive Pronoun dan Possessive Adjective

Kata ini mirip dengan possessive adjective (disebut juga possessive determiner) — semakna namun berbeda dalam
struktur. Possessive pronoun menggantikan noun sedangkan possessive adjective ditempatkan sebelum noun untuk
menerangkannya.

Person Number Possessive Pronoun Number Possessive Adjective

1st mine my
2nd singular yours your
singular
3rd hers, his her, his, its
atau
1st ours our
plural
2nd plural yours your
3rd theirs their
Hers dan her untuk female (perempuan), his untuk male (laki-laki), sedangkan its untuk gender netral.

possessive
pronoun dan possessive adjective

Contoh Kalimat Possessive Pronoun dan Adjective

Possessive Pronoun Possessive Adjective

Mine has worn out.
(Punya saya sudah aus.)
I like yours.
(Saya suka punyamu.)
This is hers.
(Ini miliknya.)
They are using ours.
(Mereka sedang menggunakan punya kita.) (Mereka sedang menggunakan peralatan kita.)
Yours are on the table.
(Punya kalian di atas meja.)
My shoes have worn out.
(Sepatu saya sudah aus.)
I like your style.
(Saya suka gayamu.)
This is her scarf.
(ini syalnya.)
They are using our tools.
Your tickets are on the table.
(Tiket kalian di atas meja.)
Theirs are the best for dry skin. Their products are the best for dry skin.
(Punya mereka terbaik untuk kulit kering.) (Produk mereka terbaik untuk kulit kering.)
Penggunaan Possessive Pronoun
Possessive pronoun digunakan ketika object of possession diketahui berdasarkan konteks. Biasanya ada bagian
pendahulu atau antecedent, singular atau plural, yang berhubungan dengan object of possession tersebut.

Contoh Kalimat Possessive Pronoun

No Contoh Kalimat Possessive Pronoun

My brother’s study table was pink. Mine was light blue.
1
(Meja belajar saudara saya merah muda. Punya saya biru muda.)
I hate my job. Do you hate yours?
2
(Saya benci pekerjaan saya. Apa kamu benci (pekerjaanmu)?)
Whose wallet is this? It’s hers.
3
(Dompet punya siapa ini? Itu miliknya.)
Those aren’t our new uniforms. Those are theirs.
4
(Itu bukan seragam baru kita. Itu punya mereka.)
Simple present tense
Siapa bilang membuat kalimat Simple Present Tense itu susah?? Hanya perlu menggunakan salah satu pasangan
tersebut. Mau memasangkan Subyek dengan apa, Verb 1 atau To Be??
SUBJECT + VERB 1
Perhatikan contoh kalimat berikut ini.
1. They eat breakfast at 7 o’clock.
2. She is the host of this event.
3. We go to school on foot.
4. He listens to music while studying.
5. I am in the new building.
Kalimat manakah memiliki Verb? Jawabannya adalah kalimat nomor 1, 3, 4 dengan kata kerja eat (makan), go
(pergi), listen (mendengarkan). Sedangkan kalimat 2 dan 5 menggunakan To Be yaitu is dan am. Apakah
tebakanmu benar?
SUBJECT + TO BE
Nah, untuk memahami pola ini, yuk kita simak beberapa contoh kalimat berikut ini.
6. Joko Widodo is the seventh president of Indonesia.
7. You are very polite.
8. She wants a cup of green tea.
9. We take a long-distance course.
10. I am interested in enterprenurship.
Dari kelima contoh kalimat di atas, manakah memiliki To Be?
Jawabannya: kalimat 6, 7, 10. Apa sudah mulai paham bedanya pola Subject + Verb 1 dengan pola Subject + To
Be?

Rumus Simple Present Tense

Jenis Kalimat Bentuk Rumus Present Tense Contoh
Verbal S + Verb-1 + (s/es) He writes a letter
Positif
Nominal S + is/am/are + nominal She is a clever student
Verbal S + do/does + not + Infinitive He don`t write a letter
Negatif
Nominal S + is/am/are + not + nominal She is not a clever student
Verbal Do/does + S + Infintive Does he writes a letter ?
Interogatif
Nominal Is/am/are + S + nominal Is he a clever student ?

11. We love green.

12. This is a cat. It loves eating fish.
13. She plays the piano after school.
14. I play badminton twice a week.
15. He watches TV after working.
16. They watch TV on weekend.
17. My cat usually sleeps on the table.
18. We sleep at 9:00 on school days.
19. Grace and Nathan need time to know each other.
20. Lucy needs more time to sleep.
Sepuluh contoh kalimat sederhana di atas menggunakan 3 kata kerja, yaitu love (suka), play (bermain), watch
(nonton), sleep (tidur), need (membutuhkan).
Coba perhatikan kata digarisbawahi. Apa kamu melihat perbedaan kalimat nomor 11 dan nomor 12? Apa
bedanya???
Yup, ada tambahan akhiran. Akhiran apakah itu?
ADA 2 JENIS KATA KERJA PRESENT, YAITU ….
Kata kerja yang digunakan saat membuat kalimat Simple Present Tense dibedakan menjadi 2. Pertama, Verb
original (tanpa akhiran) misalnya: eat, sleep, want, need, watch, go, take, love,… Kedua, Verb berakhiran –ES atau
–S misalnya: eats, sleeps, wants, needs, watches, goes, takes, loves,…
KAPAN MENGGUNAKANNYA???
Trus kapan menggunakannya? Pilih kata kerja sesuai SUBYEKnya. Jadi gini ya… Untuk memudahkanmu
memilih subyek tepat, ada 2 kelompok yaitu si Dewi_Aiyu dan si Shiithi.
Sesuai namanya, Dewi_Aiyu itu adalah They We I You. Dewi_Aiyu itu kagak suka es. Jadi, dalam kalimat yang
ada subyek They We I You, JANGAN tambahkan –ES atau –S. Sedangkan Shiithi adalah She It He. Mereka suka
banget es makanya HARUS tambahkan –ES atau –S.
Lihat tabel berikut ini.
Kelompok Subyek Kata Kerja (Verb 1)
 They
 We
Verb
Dewi_Aiyu  I
Contoh: eat, sleep, want, need, watch, go, take, love
 You
 Banyak orang / benda
 She
 It Verb + s/es
Shiithi
 He Contoh: eats, sleeps, wants, needs, watches, goes, takes, loves
 Satu orang/ benda
Apakah tabel di atas dapat membantumu lebih paham? Jadi, untuk membuat kalimat Simple Present Tense, kamu
harus pilih Verb yang sesuai ya, apakah ditambah akhiran es/s atau tidak. Ingat si Dewi_Aiyu dan si Shiithi ya…

She HE It
 Most verb just add ‘-s’ to the basic form
Example : look, listen, sleep, need
He listens to music while studying
We sleep at 9:00 on school days.
Lucy needs more time to sleep.
 Verb that end with ‘a, i, u, e’ vowel other than ‘o’ add ‘-es’ in the end word.
Example : take, love, go
She takes a long-distance course
This is a cat. It loves eating fish.
My uncle goes to garden
 Verb that end with ‘-ss, -zz, -ch, -sh, -x add ‘es’ in the end word.
Example : Miss, wash, frizz, watch, mix,
She misses her mother
He washes clotes / My mother washes the diss.
My hair frizzes like mad
She watches harry poterss movie
He fixes car / she fixes the window, she mixes some cakes
 Verb that end consonant + y, change ‘y’ with ‘i’ and add ‘-es’ in the end word.
Example : Fly, try
The bird flies on the sky
She tries to know about it
 Verb that end vocal + y, just add s’ in the end word.
Example : Play,
He plays football

Penggunaan Simple Present Tense

Penggunaan Simple Present Tense dalam sebuah kalimat dapat digunakan untuk, antara lain:
1. Menyatakan suatu peristiwa, perbuatan atau kejadian yang biasa dilakukan dan telah menjadi kenyataan,
atau perbuatan yang telah menjadi kebiasaan. (habitual action)
Contoh Kalimat:
o I go to work everyday. (Aku pergi bekerja setiap hari.)
 2. Menyatakan suatu peristiwa atau kejadian yang sudah umum terjadi dan tidak dapat dibantah, atau
menyatakan kebenaran umum (general truth).
Contoh kalimat:
o The grass is green. (Rumput itu hijau warnanya.)
o The sun rises from the east. (Matahari terbit dari sebelah timur.)
Tanda waktu (time signal) Simple Present Tense
Tanda waktu (time signal) yang sering dipergunakan dalam bentuk simple present tense ini adalah: Adverb of time
(keterangan waktu) dan Adverb of frequency (keterangan perulangan), berikut kedua penjelasan kedua adverb
tersebut:
a. Adverb of time (keterangan waktu)
Adverb of time (keterangan waktu) Arti
every day setiap hari
every week setiap minggu
every month setiap bulan
every year setiap tahun
every/each setiap
in the morning di pagi hari
at seven jam tujuh
once/twice a day sekali/dua kali sehari
here/there disini/disana
Catatan :
Adverb of time ini banyak diletakkan atau digunakan di awal atau di akhir kalimat.
b. Adverb of frequency (keterangan perulangan)
Adverb of frequency (keterangan perulangan) Arti
Always selalu
as a rule lazimnya
Ever pernah
Seldom sering
Often setiap
Nowadays pada waktu sekarang
once in a while kadang-kadang
Sometimes kadang-kadang
Frequently disini/disana
Generally sering kali
Commonly biasanya
Normally umumnya
Catatan :
Adverb of frequency ini sering diletakkan sebelum kata kerja atau setelah to be.
3. Bagaimana Membuat Kalimat Simple Present Tense jika TIDAK ada Verb?? Ya, Pakai TO BE +
COMPLEMENT

Perlu diingat bahwa nggak semua kalimat bahasa Inggris

menggunakan Verb. Emangnya ada kalimat tidak
menggunakan Verb??? Yap, ada banget. Itu sering disebut
dengan istilah NONVERBAL.
Masih ingat judul poin ketiga ini: Jika tidak ada Verb, maka
pake To Be + Complement. So, Membuat kalimat dengan
pola Simple Present Tense itu nggak melulu pake Verb.
Kamu bisa pakai To Be dan Complement.
Pertanyaan selanjutnya adalah: Apa itu TO BE? Apa itu
COMPLEMENT?
JANGAN PUSING DENGAN ISTILAH-ISTILAH ITU ….
Jangan sampe pusing ya. Itu hanya istilah-istilah saja koq. Sebenarnya pengertiannya sederhana banget. Langsung
ajah ke contoh kalimat ya sehingga bisa menyimpulkan sendiri apa itu TO BE, apa itu COMPLEMENT.
21. He is a great husband.
22. She is very talented.
23. They are at school.
24. I am in Macau, Hongkong.
25. We are not English native speakers.
26. They are supportive and kind-hearted.
27. This food is not my favorite. It is not tasty.
28. Erna is my elder sister.
29. Adi isn’t here.
30. They are my best friends.
Perhatikan yang digaris bawahi. Kata tersebut adalah IS, AM, ARE. Inilah disebut dengan TO BE.
BEDA SUBYEK, BEDA PULA TO BE
Yap, beda Subyek, beda pula TO BE yang harus digunakan. Coba perhatikan 10 Contoh kalimat di atas. Subyek
apa saja menggunakan to be IS? Apa saja menggunakan to be ARE? Apa yang menggunakan to be AM? Cocokkan
jawabanmu dengan gambar berikut.

Gimana caranya menghapal tabel tersebut???

Saya tidak menyarankan untuk menghapal, tapi perbanyak
latihan membuat kalimat Simple Present Tense. Dengan latihan
menyusun kalimat bahasa Inggris memiliki To Be tentu kamu
akan semakin ingat kapan menggunakan IS, AM, ARE.

BAGAIMANA DENGAN COMPLEMENT???

To Be itu sering kali bergandengan dengan Complement dalam
kalimat NONVERBAL. Untuk tahu lebih lanjut tentang
Complement, kamu perlu berkenalan dengan:
 kata benda (NOUN) dalam bahasa Inggris, termasuk benda mati dan benda hidup seperti saudara
perempuan (sister), teman-teman (friends), husband (suami), buku (book), makanan (food), tas (bag), anjing
(dog), singa (lion), dsb.
 kata sifat (ADJECTIVE) dalam bahasa Inggris contohnya: besar/hebat (great), berbakat (talented),
mendukung (supportive), baik hati (kind-hearted), murah (cheap), enak (tasty/yummy), lebih tua
(elder/older), dll.
 kata keterangan (ADVERB) atau kata depan (PREPOSITION) dalam bahasa Inggris misalnya: di
sekolah (at school), di Macau (in Macau), di sini (here), dsb./li>
Sebenarnya, masih ada lagi jenis-jenis lain masuk ke dalam Complement. Tapi kita belajar beberapa saja dulu,
sebagai perkenalan.
Apabila setelah Subyek diikuti oleh Complement, maka perlu menambahkan To Be. Pola kalimat yang terbentuk
menjadi Subject + To Be + Complement (lihat contoh kalimat nomor 21 sampai 30).
4. Tambahkan ADVERB saat Membuat Kalimat Simple Present Tense yang Superb
Kamu telah mengenal 2 pola untuk membuat kalimat Simple
Present Tense. Apa saja pola tersebut?
 Subject + Verb 1
 Subject + To Be + Complement
Cobalah berlatih membuat kalimat dengan pola-pola di atas.
Berapa???
Terserah kamu, semakin banyak semakin baik. Kedua pola kalimat
tersebut bisa menjadi panduan saat membuat kalimat. Tapi kamu
juga bisa menambahkan keterangan alias Adverb.
Keterangan seperti apa? Keterangan digunakan untuk memberi informasi waktu, tempat dan lainnya untuk
memperjelaskan sesuatu. Untuk lebih mengenal pengertian Adverb, yuk kita bandingkan contoh kalimat sederhana
berikut ini
31. Mathew goes to school on foot.
32. Mathew sometimes goes to school on foot.
Coba perhatikan dua kalimat di atas. Nomor 21: Mathew pergi ke sekolah berjalan kaki. Menyatakan bahwa
kesehariannya Mathew ke sekolah dengan berjalan kaki. Sedangkan nomor 22: Mathew jarang berjalan kaki ke
sekolah. Lihat perbedaan keduanya???
Kata “jarang” (sometimes) itu adalah salah satu contohnya. Selain sometimes, ada juga keterangan lain, yakni:
 Always (selalu)
 Usually (bisanya)
 Often (sering / seringkali)
 Sometimes (terkadang / kadang-kadang)
 Hardly ever (jarang banget / hampir tidak pernah)
 Never (tidak pernah)
 Every day/week/month/year (setiap hari/minggu/bulan/tahun)
 In the morning/afternoon/evening (pada pagi/siang/sore hari)
 On Monday/ Tuesday/ Wednesday/ Thursday/ Friday/ Saturday/ Sunday (pada hari Senin/ Selasa/ Rabu/
Kamis/ Jumat/ Sabtu/ Minggu)
 Once a week (sekali seminggu), twice a month (dua kali sebulan), three times a year (tiga kali setahun)
 At 8 o’clock (pada pukul 8.00) , at 3 p.m. (pada pukul 3 sore), at 7:00 in the morning (pada pukul 7 pagi)
Ingin membuat kalimat Simple Present Tense berisi tambahan keterangan? Yuk simak contohnya agar semakin
jelas.
33. She is hardly ever late.
34. She usually goes to the office at 6:30.
35. We always go to the cinema on Sunday.
36. These dogs are never quiet.
37. Sometimes Ella teaches me English.
38. I am never afraid of darkness.
39. My friends and I play the piano twice a week.
40. You have exams once a month.
Enrich Your Vocabulary!
 Late = terlambat
 Go to the cinema = pergi ke bioskop
 Quiet = tenang/diam
 Afraid of darkness = takut pada kegelapan.
 Exams = ujian/tes