International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)

Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: editor@ijettcs.org, editorijettcs@gmail.com

Volume 8, Issue 4, July - August 2019 ISSN 2278-6856

IoT BASED VEHICLE MONITORING

AND FLEET MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Geetha S 1, Vijay Amirtha Raj F 2
1
RVS College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore
2
RVS College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore

Abstract: In this 21st century vehicles are increasing
day by day. Mainly for goods transportation fleet
management is very important for vehicle owners. Fleet
operators must try hard to achieve the lowest feasible
TCO (Total Cost of Ownership) for their fleets with
increasingly severe environmental and safety regulations.
In this regard fuel consumption, driver performance,
route management and vehicle maintenance plays vital
parameters for the fleet operators. Fortunately, Internet
of Things (IoT) interferes in connecting applications to
produce the data and services which make fleet operations
safer and more cost-effective. Fleet Management System
takes the profit of wireless connectivity to collect data and
extract insights that allow fleet operators to spend less
money for fuel, optimize routes, improve driver
performance, and schedule vehicle maintenance. This
fleet management system which assimilate the power of
concurrent GSM (Global System for Mobile
communications), GPS (Global Positioning System) and
web-based user interfacing software are proposed. Once
vehicle location and direction is determined by the GPS
components, vehicle tracking capabilities will transmit
this information to fleet management application
software.GPS vehicle tracking technology and interactive
map visualizations will enable organization to see where it
was losing money, time and wasting fuel. The control
management from remote place using IoT platform can
provide precautionary measures for driver in maintaining
the vehicle.
A fleet can be referred as the collection of vehicles –
Trucks, cars, buses, etc. The vehicle fleet management
involves administration of vehicles in various aspects. Fleet
management allows the companies that are related with
transportation to minimize the risks related to improving
transportation efficiency and minimize amount of
manpower.
The proposed system focuses on tracking of
vehicle (truck) and theft prevention by means of GPS,
vehicle lock and submission of the trip details through the
web portal. Automated calculations of trip expenses, data
analysis and report generation will help the organization to
know about company’s profit.
As we can see digitalization is main reason in
development of the country using modern technology like
Internet of Things (IoT) in reducing the non-renewable
resource and human resource is much important. Keeping
this in consideration the proposed system is developed for
Fleet management using an IoT. The vehicle information is
sent to cloud database using GSM/GPRS modem or Wi-Fi.
The cloud database holds all the information related to the
status of the vehicle and the website is developed for
displaying the following results: Vehicle temperature,
Humidity range, SoS status, Vehicle location and Vehicle
safety status control.
2.PROPOSED SYSTEM

Keywords: Fleet Management, IoT, GPS, GSM, Vehicle

Tracking

1.INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, various organizations that are related
with transportation or vehicle management are focusing on
making the use of tracking system in order to track the real
time location of a particular vehicle. Fleet management in
our country is found to be quite complicated, time
consuming and costly process. In order to overcome these
issues it is necessary to introduce automation.
Figure 1: Block Diagram

Volume 8, Issue 4, July - August 2019 Page 10

 International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)
Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: editor@ijettcs.org, editorijettcs@gmail.com
Volume 8, Issue 4, July - August 2019 ISSN 2278-6856

The proposed system is shown in above mentioned

figure 1 as block diagram. This proposed system consists of
sensors, actuators, GPS (Global Positioning System) and
inbuilt Wi-Fi controller. All these components are mounted
in a vehicle with battery controlled ignition switch. Once
the driver starts the vehicle then this circuit is powered up
thorough ignition to the microcontroller. Once the
microcontroller gets into operation it will continuously
sensing the Temperature, Humidity, Fuel & SoS parameters
and these information are transmitted using inbuilt Wi-Fi
and stored in the cloud.
3. MATERIALS & METHODS
A) Temperature and Humidity: Graph 1: Fuel vs Resistance
In automotive vehicle the temperature is a main fact to
consideration for safety purpose. In engine side the As per table 1 the Fuel vs Resistance is calculated. This
temperature is rising up to 120° C to 150° C. In this fuel resistance is converted into analog voltage. Analog
proposed system the DHT11 sensor is used to measure the voltage is converted into digital by means of internal ADC
temperature as well as humidity inside the driving conversion in ESP8266 (10 bit - ADC).
compartment. This sensor operates on +5v power supply.
C) SoS switch.
B) Fuel level sensor: SoS is designed as a button which can be pressed by
This module is used to measure the fuel level which is driver if any critical condition. Once this switch is pressed,
available in the vehicle tank. This sensor is detects the fuel then the all interface module status will be measured and
level by means of resistance. If the fuel is varying then stored into server with date and time as well as the SMS
resistance will also vary. The variation can be found by the will sent to the vehicle owner at the instant time.
below mentioned formula.
.
Vout = D) GPS:
Where, Global Positioning System is mentioned as GPS. This
Vin = input (pull up) voltage in volts GPS module is communicated with satellite over the earth
R1 = Pull up resistance in Ohms and locates the location with proper latitude and longitude
R2 = fuel resistance in Ohms of the module. In this proposed system this GPS module is
attached with the vehicle. If vehicle is moving then GPS
will ping the latitude and longitude values to the
NODEMCU (ESP8266). The MCU will split the latitude
Table 1: Fuel vs Resistance and longitude values alone and sent to cloud storage with
help of Wi-Fi and internet connectivity.

E) Relay (To lock vehicle)

Resistance in
S.No
ohms
1 93.6 Ω
2 72.36 Ω
3 50.36 Ω
Here this project is designed to prevent the vehicle theft
Fuel tank and offer a remote lock control to the vehicle registered
capacity owner. For defense purpose relay module is used in this
suggested system. User can control (with internet) the
vehicle from anywhere in this world. Each and every
Empty vehicle has unique number plate and engine chassis
number. Here IoT sever needs on unique number to control
the vehicle so the number plate is used as unique number
1/4 with security encryption. User can control only their owned
vehicles with registered name and driving license through
1/2 IoT server
.

4 30.36 Ω 3/4 F) Wi-Fi (To update in cloud):

5 9.36 Ω
In recent scenario internet is evolving enormously. Each
and every place internet is speeded by any one of the
Full communication protocol. In that communication protocol
Wi-Fi is the highly connected protocol.
Wi-Fi works at 2.4 GHz frequency. Maximum coverage
distance is 10m. Here the major advantage is the ESP8266
having internal Wi-Fi communication. If the circuit is

Volume 8, Issue 4, July - August 2019 Page 11

 International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)
Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: editor@ijettcs.org, editorijettcs@gmail.com
Volume 8, Issue 4, July - August 2019 ISSN 2278-6856

powered up then the Wi-Fi is also turned on and starts

searching to connect the master to establish the TCP/IP
protocol for the internet connectivity. Through this Wi-Fi
protocol the data sent to cloud server with specific DNS
address location.

G) IoT Server:
Internet of Things has huge number of data to analyze
any device or any material details. If we want to analyze
the data, the data should be stored in a particular database
location. To collect the data from any sort of device or any
type of material to the IoT server the IoT module must have
internet connection for 24X7. Without internet data cannot
be stored into the IoT server.
Many IoT servers are available in this recent era. For
this proposed system customized IoT server has been built.
From the vehicle following details are sent to this IoT
Figure 2: Global Positioning Systems
server: Vehicle level Temperature, Humidity, Fuel level,
GPS location, SoS status, Date and time. From server to
vehicle the Lock & Unlock signal is sent for controlling the
vehicle.
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The overall proposed system is shown in below
The collected information from the Vehicle end is
figure 3. The MCU collects the data from the sensor and
converted into digital signal by MCU and then MCU Wi-Fi
converts this analog into digital data and calculations are
will transfer the data to mobile operator`s network and then
done then it is transferred to the cloud IoT server. From the
to a remote server over HTTP connection. The HTTP
cloud IoT server user can control the vehicle. Once vehicle
server stores the all incoming data into a MySQL database.
is in any emergency condition the driver can send an alert
Here the simple TCP/IP protocol is used to establish the
to vehicle owner with help of SoS button and this will send
internet connectivity. The data is transferred by using
SMS through server.
HTTP GET method to cloud IoT server.
This proposed system have user login portal and a user
logs into the tracking web page PHP, HTML web
application embedded with JavaScript code. In this
projected system application level front end and back end is
designed. Front end is only displaying the information from
the database. Back end is fetching the required data from
the database. PHP is a coding language which is used
display the information based on the user MySQL query on
the front end. The JavaScript runs in the browser and
integrates this information into Google Maps through
Google Maps API which displays the position on a map.
This proposed system gets the latitude and longitude values
from the vehicle MCU module. This MCU module is
transferring the GPS data to the IoT cloud server for every
second. Through above method user can track the vehicle
from a smart phone browser and application.

Figure 3: Overall Proposed System

Figure 4: Server main page

Volume 8, Issue 4, July - August 2019 Page 12
 International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)
Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: editor@ijettcs.org, editorijettcs@gmail.com
Volume 8, Issue 4, July - August 2019 ISSN 2278-6856

The server main page is shown in the above figure 4. From the
main page the icons are helps to navigate the other pages.

Graph 3: Time vs Humidity

Graph 3 is showing the vehicle level humidity value in %.

Figure 5: Server data table

The vehicle data is stored into a server database

and the browser GUI is helps to fetch the data from the
database and it will present in the web browser. Currently
50 data is shown in the value table page.

Graph 4: Time vs Fuel Level

Graph 4 is mentioned for the vehicle Fuel in percentage

with time. The data is stored and will be used for analyzing
the fuel consumption rate and cost saving purpose.

Graph 2: Time vs Temperature

This graph 2 is mainly for temperature

measurement of the system based on the time.

Graph 5: Time vs Temperature, Humidity, Fuel level

This graph 5 is comparison of input data from the vehicle

temperature, humidity, fuel with respect to Time.
Figure 6: Server SMS portal & Control

The above figure 6 is showing the vehicle lock

icon and SMS option to the user. If the user Press the on
button vehicle is in normal mode. If the user press the OFF
mode the vehicle will not start (Relay will disconnect
the battery and self-starting motor electronic circuit
modules.)

Volume 8, Issue 4, July - August 2019 Page 13

 International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)
Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: editor@ijettcs.org, editorijettcs@gmail.com
Volume 8, Issue 4, July - August 2019 ISSN 2278-6856

[2] MashoodMukhtar, ”GPS based Advanced Vehicle

Figure 7: Vehicle Location in Google Map
The vehicle location is shown through Google
map. The latitude and longitude values are passed to the
Google map and it is integrated to our server.
Figure 8: SMS Alert
The figure 8 is shown the SMS details of the SoS
emergency condition. In emergency condition the last
stored value is sent through SMS to the vehicle owner with
date and time.
5. FUTURE SCOPE
This proposed system considered for with internet
facility for 24X7 timing. If internet is not available the
information may chance to loss. This can be established in
future with external EEPROM Hardware. Due to
continuous operation the vehicle battery will reduce the
stored power. It can be eliminated by Sleep wake technique
with minimum amount of current consumption. Driver
information can be added by LCD or LED indicators and
warnings in future. If any failure in vehicle, it can be
intimated to nearby service center with high priority.
Tracking and Vehicle Control System”, I.J.
Intelligent Systems and Applications, 2015, 03, 1-12
Published Online February 2015 in MECS.
[3] Pengfei Zhou, Student Member, IEEE,
YuanqingZheng, Student Member, IEEE, and Mo Li,
Member, IEEE, “How Long to Wait? Predicting Bus
Arrival Time With Mobile Phone Based Participator
Sensing”, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing,
vol.13, no. 6, June 2014.
[4] PratikshaBhuta, Karan Desai, ArchitaKeni, ”Alcohol
Detection and Vehicle Controlling”, International
Journal of Engineering Trends and Applications
(IJETA) – Volume 2 Issue 2, Mar-Apr 2015.
[5] Presi,T.P, “Design and Development Of PIC
Microcontroller Based Vehicle Monitoring System
Using Controller Area Network (CAN) Protocol”
Information and Communication Embedded
Systems, 2013, DOI:10.1109/ICICES.2013.6508232,
pp. 1070-1076.
[6] Ch. RamyaKeerthi, G.Shanmukh, Dr. R. Sivaram,
”Various Accident Detection Technologies and
Recovery Systems with Victim Analysis”,
International Journal of Advanced Trends in
Computer Science and Engineering (IJATCSE),
Vol.2 , No.3, Pages : 07-12 (2013) Special Issue of
ICCSIE 2013 - Held during 24 May, 2013
Bangalore.
[7] SeoJuLee, GirmaTewolde, Jaerock kwon, “Design
and Implementation of Vehicle Tracking System
using GPS/GSM/GPRS Technology and Smartphone
Application”, IEEE world Forum on Internet Of
Things (WFIoT), March 2014, Seoul.

6. CONCLUSION
Fleet Management comprises of a wide range of
functions, from this system the complete fleet management
system through IoT implemented and the vehicle data can
be viewed for 90 days longer duration and it can be
downloaded the previous data stored in the server. Many
drawbacks are faced by the existing system were overcome
by mean of introducing IoT Based fleet management
system.

References
[1] Dhivya M and Kathiravan S, ”Driver Authentication
and Accident Avoidance System for Vehicles”,
Smart Computing Review, vol.5, no.1, February
2015.

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