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pic microcontroller assembly language programming

April 13, 2017 by Microcontrollers Lab

Pic microcontroller assembly language programing: Like we need language to communicate with each other.
Language is a set of symbols by which we convery our message to others. Similarly, we communicate with
microcontrollers with a language called assembly. A assembler is used to understand our instruction or you can say
our symbols which we provide to microcontroller Assembly language program is basically a set of instructions stored
in computer memory. Computer can only understand 1’s and 0’s. Assembly language instructions are for humans
only. Computer do not understand them. So we need to converter these assembly language instructions to binary
form which is understandable for computers. Assembly language commands are converted into one’s and zero’s by
compiler. A data le used for storing compiled program is called an “executive le”, i.e. “HEX data le”. The name
comes from the hexadecimal presentation of a data le and has a su x of “hex” as well, for example “probe.hex”.
After has been generated, the data le is loaded into the microcontroller using a programmer. Assembly language
codes can be written in any editor. Let’s start with registers of pic microocntrollers to understand basic instructions
of pic microcontroller

Page Contents [hide]

1 WREG register in pic microcontroller assembly language

1.1 Literal addressing
1.2 Direct Addressing
1.3 Opcode in pic microcontroller assembly language
1.4 Labels
2 pic microcontroller assembly language Instructions
3 Pic microcontroller literal assembly language instruction
4 pic microcontroller control assembly language instructions
5 pic microcontroller assembly language example 1
6 pic microcontroller assembly language example 2
7 pic microcontroller assembly language example 3
8 pic microcontroller assembly language examples 4
9 pic microcontroller assembly language examples 5
10 pic microcontroller assembly language examples 6
11 Equivalent assembly code
12 pic microcontroller assembly language examples 7
13 pic microcontroller assembly language examples 8

WREG register in pic microcontroller assembly language

PIC microcontroller has many registers for arithmetic and logic operations. The 8-bit WREG register is most
frequently used register in PIC micro-controllers. It is often called accumulator or Working Register. It can be easily
initialized with a constant. For Example:

MOVLW k // here k is any 8-bit value.

MOVLW 10
MOVLW 0x45
In the instruction ‘L” stands for literal, meaning the value is immediately present. ‘W” means WREG. So the whole
instruction means move an immediate value in WREG. MOVLW 0xAA //moves 0xAA (or 0b10101010) in WREG. We will
use WREG register for simple instructions like MOV and ADD. In CPU, registers are used to store information
temporarily. That information could be a byte of data processed or an address pointing to the data to be fetched.
The vast majority of PIC registers are 8-bit registers.

Literal addressing

Used when moving constant values. For example MOVLW 0x23, will move 23 (hex) to WREG.
Direct Addressing

Used when moving variables. For example MOVWF _myReg will move contents of myReg to WREG.
Opcode in pic microcontroller assembly language

An opcode is short for ‘Operation Code’. It is a number interpreted by your machine (uC) that represents the
operation to perform. For example MOVLW is an Opcode.

Labels

A label is an identi er used to represent a line in code or section of a program. Goto statements can be used in
conjunction with a Label to jump to the execution of code identi ed by the particular label. See Task 1 code for
example.

pic microcontroller assembly language Instructions

The Following Table is taken from Page 376 of the 18F46K22 Datasheet

Pic microcontroller literal assembly language instruction

pic microcontroller control assembly language instructions

mikroC Debugger can be used to check execution of pic microcontroller assembly language instructions.

pic microcontroller assembly language example 1

Compile the following example code, see how variables change in mikroC debugger, and try to gure out what the
code is trying to do. you will not be able to learn assembly language until you do not perform it yourself. I have
made the comment with each code for your understanding.

unsigned short myReg1,myReg2; // two Global variable are declared

void main() {

ANSELA =2; //
asm{

CLRF ANSELA; // Write 0 to ANSELA

CLRF ANSELB; // Write 0 to ANSELB
CLRF ANSELC; // Write 0 to ANSELC

CLRF ANSELD; // Write 0 to ANSELD

MOVLW 0xFF; //Move 0xFF to WReg register
MOVWF TRISB,0; // Move 0xFF to TRISB

MOVLW 0xAA; // Move oxAA to Wreg

MOVWF _myReg1,0; // Move 0xAA to myReg1 variable
MOVLW 0x55; // Move ox55 to Wreg

MOVWF _myReg2,0; //Move 0x55 to myReg2 variable

LOOP_START:
MOVF _myReg1,0,0; // Move Contents of myReg to WReg

MOVWF PORTB; // move Wreg to PORTB

MOVF _myReg2,0,0; // move myReg2 to Wreg
MOVWF PORTB;

GOTO LOOP_START;
 }
}

pic microcontroller assembly language example 2

The equivalent of the following C code in assembly is given below.Use mickroC debugger to verify your code.

unsigned short x=0;

unsigned short i=0;

for (i= 1; i< 10; i++}{

x = x+i;
}

unsigned short x=0;

unsigned short i=0;

void main() {

OSCCON.IRCF0=0;
OSCCON.IRCF1=1;
OSCCON.IRCF2=1;

ANSELA =2;
asm{

MOVLW 0X01 ;
Loop:
INCF _i,1;// i=i+1
MOVF _i,0;// move i to Wreg
ADDWF _x,1; //x=x+Wreg

MOVLW 9; // Wreg=10
CPFSGT _i;
goto Loop

pic microcontroller assembly language example 3

Write the equivalent of the following C code in assembly. This is used to generate delay by performing no operation
instructions.

unsigned short I,J,X;

for (I= 0; I<255; I++){

for (J= 1; J<255; J++){
X = X+J; // dummy instruction to generate a delay of (256*256), do not worry about overflow

}
}
X=I; // Set a break point here
 unsigned short I,J,X;
void main() {

OSCCON.IRCF0=0;
OSCCON.IRCF1=1;
OSCCON.IRCF2=1;
ANSELB=0;
TRISB=0;
asm {

MOVLW 0xF0;
MOVWF LATB,0;
Rotate:
RLNCF LATB,1,0;
goto Outer

Inner:
INCF _J,1;// J=J+1
MOVF _J,0;// move J to Wreg
ADDWF _X,1; //X=X+Wreg

MOVLW 255; // Wreg=10

CPFSEQ _J;
goto Inner
goto Outer
Outer:
INCF _I,1;// i=i+1
MOVLW 255;
CPFSEQ _I;
goto Inner
goto Rotate

pic microcontroller assembly language examples 4

This assembly language program rotates the bits of LATB to the left
 unsigned short I,X,u,J;
void DEL();
void main() {
ANSELA =2;

TRISB = 0x00;
LATB = 0x01;

asm{
CLRF ANSELA; // Write 0 to ANSELA
CLRF ANSELB; // Write 0 to ANSELB
CLRF ANSELC; // Write 0 to ANSELC
CLRF ANSELD; // Write 0 to ANSELD

RLNCF LATB,1;

pic microcontroller assembly language examples 5

Following code will select the memory bank and increment the value of i variable.

unsigned short i absolute 0x400;

void main()
{
asm{
CLRF _i,BANKED;
MOVLB 4;
LOOP_START:
INCF _i,1,BANKED;
GOTO LOOP_START;

}}

pic microcontroller assembly language examples 6

Write the Equivalent Assembly code for the following C snippet.

short var1 = –63 //Assign any negative value

short var2 = 0;
var2 = abs(var1); //The var2 must get the absolute value of var1

Equivalent assembly code

 short var1=-10;
short var2=0;

void main() {
asm{
MOVLW 0;
MOVFF _var1,_var2;
ADDWF _var1,0;
BNN end
NEGF _var2

end:
goto end
}

pic microcontroller assembly language examples 7

Write Assembly Equivalent of the following C function.

//Global Variables

short num1, num2, maximum;

short max_of_2(){

if(num1>num2){

maximum = num1;
}else{

maximum = num2;

Equivalent assembly code:

 short num1=10;
short num2=12;
short maximum=0;

void main() {

asm{
//call max_of_2;

max_of_2:
MOVFF _num1, _maximum;
MOVF _num1,0;
CPFSGT _num2
return
MOVFF _num2,_maximum
return

pic microcontroller assembly language examples 8

Write Assembly Equivalent of the following C function. This code finds the maximum value of the array

short array_element = 0;
short i =0;

const short size_array = 8;

data short My_array[size_array] = {2, 4, 5, 12, 56, 13, 1, 1} absolute 0x0060;

void main() {

for(i=0;i<size_array;i++){

array_element=My_array[i];
}

while(1);

Equivalent assembly code

 short array_element = 0;
short i =0;
const short size_array = 8;
data short My_array[size_array] = {2, 4, 5, 12, 56, 13, 1, 1} absolute 0x0060;

void main() {
My_array[1]=2;
asm{

LFSR 1, 0x0060;
for:
INCF _i,1;
MOVFF POSTINC1,_array_element;
MOVLW _size_array;
CPFSEQ _i
goto for

end:
goto end;

I will keep updating this post with more pic assembly language programming examples.

3 thoughts on “pic microcontroller assembly language programming”

Ezzayany
May 5, 2018 at 12:30 pm | Reply

hai my name is ezza and im a student . i have one problem with my project, Auto Irragation system using soil
moisture sensor and pic microcontroller. Im still new with the programmer and when I already write the
coding and build it,then I put the coding into proteus to make sure my coding function as what I want. then
when I want to burn it to PIC and hardware, the program not function and its like i never write any coding
into PIC. can u help me how to make my PIC function ..

Gedion
May 28, 2018 at 5:55 pm | Reply

hey, I’m a student from Ethiopia. I faced some difficulities while working my project and I’m sending this
comment hoping that you will help me. the project is a simple DC motor speed control using PIC 16f877
microcontroller and the problem is that I couldn’t write the assembly language. I have written the c-language
but the assembly language is difficult for me so please help me
 Radhika Dapkar
January 25, 2019 at 3:47 pm | Reply

I want to write simple 4bit addition programme in pic18 , how can I write it?
Please help me

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