POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

STA. MESA, MANILA

COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ART

INDIVIDUAL RESEARCH

THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE II

Submitted by
GALLANO, JESTER M.
BS ARCH 2-1

Submitted to

AR. Clarisse Niez

Introduction
 The movement of the 21st century is all about the Postmodernism split

into several different architectural styles including High-tech architecture,

Neoclassicism, Deconstructivism and Sustainability. Postmodernism is a response

to modernism -- in architecture, the style tends to replace the "mechanic" or

simplistic forms of modernism with ornamental or historically referent forms. In

the time the Post modernism there are some famous architect included as

modernist that move the architectural style at that time witnesseth by their

philosophy.

From the 21st century until now, Contemporary architecture was the most

prominent because of their constant movement and their characteristic to

became popularity to the society. Contemporary architecture was characterized

by Efficient Space Planning,Large Dimensions and Simplicity.

The researcher took on how the architectural movement can affect to the

structural characteristic.

Objective

The researcher took on how the architectural movement can affect to the

structural characteristic to easily identify and recognize those architectural style

that can exist in these time. However, the time to time discussion about the

evolution of the architectural style in this century is important to have a certain

information about this topic.

 Body of Unit

Modernist architecture is easily recognised by features such as exposed steel and

simple, clean geometric forms. The design process pays homage to the motto 'Less is more'.

Generally speaking, the overall shape of a typical building is square, using a very limited

colour range. The internal design of the house mimics the exterior; open plan with little

decoration and inclusive of functional furniture.

This particular design, so to speak, got the ball rolling with its ideals and teachings

forming and shaping the minds of many of the architects and designer responsible for the

proceeding styles. It was such a revolutionary time for architecture and design, and it is

likely that the group of people behind this movement had absolutely no idea what kind of

effect they would have on future generations.

Forming during the Modernist era, the Bauhaus style is easily one of the

most recognised and well-known architecture movements in history. It became a

worldwide phenomenon, representing the rejection of the popular bourgeois style (which was

incredibly popular at the time), and instead, welcomed practical, honest and contemporary

design. Some of the most famous examples of modern architecture and furniture were

subsequently born during this era. It was also during this time that the most famous design

related quote was coined: ’Form ever follows function’. This statement is universally

recognized.

The international style touched the world of design in all aspects, from industrial

design, graphic design through to art. Also commonly referred to as the Swiss style, this

movement favoured a muted colour palette, open plan interior spaces, strong geometry and

buildings which appear weightless and light. Concrete, glass and a steel framework were

again the favoured building materials, as well as prefabricated design.

 The main idea was to encourage the building and growth of high-density living inside

of cities and to aid population growth. The style was relatively easy to replicate, and did not

need much consideration in the early design stages in terms of aesthetics. Nonetheless, the

International style is a period which has had a significant impact on paving the way for

architecture and design today.

Emerging in the late 1970s, structural expressionism is a direct response to the dawn

of the technological era. Since WWII ended over twenty-five years ago, materials have

reached a surplus again, as well as industrial factories returning to full manufacturing order.

Now that the world has settled back down, it is time to start building on-wards and upwards,

and explore shapes and forms unseen to humans before. Steel and glass were exceptionally

popular during this period, and showing the skeleton and framework of the building was

desired.

Deconstructivism was born after post-modern architecture with the notion

of deconstructing the constructed. Frank Gehry is one of the most well known architects to

execute this style with precision, time and time again. Key characteristics include exterior

surfaces which appear to be bent, folded and skewed out of proportion. As with most striking

forms of architecture, they were dreamt up to reject their predecessor. In this day and age,

given the help of machinery and technology then why can we not say goodbye to the rules

of ’form follows function, purity of form, and truth to materials’ that we have lived by for so

long.

With the current state of the environment, it is without a doubt that architects and

designers would shift away from the overbuilt and consumerists buildings of the past in
favour of sustainable design. Reused and recycled materials that would ordinarily end up

dumped in landfill, as well as the positioning of the building to ensure glazing adequately

ventilates the space in summer and stores solar heat gains in winter. These principles have

been put in place to ensure our carbon footprint gets smaller each year and to hopefully turn

back some of the damage from years gone by.

Modernism

Given the difficulty of defining and containing the term "modernist architecture," the scope of

the buildings included under this designation is unclear. Modernism is broadly characterized

by its simplicity, its removal of ornament and its historical context within the general

urbanization and industrialization of civilizations across the globe. This style is still widely

used today, especially for the design of corporate office space. Examples include the

Toronto-Dominion Centre in Toronto and the IBM Plaza in Chicago, both by Ludwig Mies van

der Rohe.

Postmodernism

Postmodernism is a response to modernism -- in architecture, the style tends to replace the

"mechanic" or simplistic forms of modernism with ornamental or historically referent forms.

For example, whereas many modernist buildings are given flat, rectilinear roof lines, many

postmodern buildings return to the gabled, or sloped, roofs of the styles that predated

modernism. The Bank of America Center in Houston by John Burgee and Philip Johnson

exemplifies the postmodern style.

Blobitecture (or Blob Architecture) uses curves, rounded forms and organic

movement to emulate forms found in nature. Spherical buildings, amoebic buildings and

domes generally fall under this category. Aqua in Chicago, an 86-story skyscraper completed

in 2009 and designed by Jeanne Gang, provides one example; it is the tallest building ever

designed by a woman architect.

 As a reaction to modernism, Critical Regionalism critiques the universality of the

international style of modernism. Critical Regionalism incorporates elements of the natural

landscape or of local culture into a building's architecture instead of advancing globalized

characteristics of one type of architecture. The Sydney Opera House in Sydney, designed by

Danish architect Jørn Utzon, is a classic example; it received recognition as a UNESCO

World Heritage Site in 2007.

A branch of postmodernism, deconstructivism seeks to remove the rectilinear,

segmented and tightly controlled elements of modernism. Instead, deconstructivism employs

chaotic forms, disjointed elements and random angles. It is heavily influenced by cubism.

The Guggenheim Museum Bilbao in Bilbao, Spain, designed by Frank Gehry, provides a

notable example of this style.

The most prominent characteristic of Structural Expressionist buildings is their

oblique form. This style places emphasis on the structure or physical support system of a

building. Instead of hiding structural features, such as beams and supports, Structural

Expressionist architects place them in obvious positions and even add extra structural

components. This style is sometimes characterized as a form of modernism. An example is

The John Hancock Center in Chicago by Bruce Graham and Fazlur Khan.
https://www.ehow.com/info_10002463_architectural-styles-21st-century.html