AIR FORCE ROTC ORIENTATION • ROTC then has been part of the curriculum
for tertiary students but optional for
What is the legal mandate of ROTC?
 REPUBLIC ACT 7077 (AFP Reservist Act)
 REPUBLIC ACT 9163 (NSTP Law)
 NEW IRR OF NSTP LAW
 AFP REG G 310-021 s-85
What is ROTC?
Reserve Officers Training Corps
 Is a program daesigned to provide military
training to tertiary level students in order to
motivate, train, organize and mobilize them
for national defense preparedness. (Auth:
RA 9163)
Objectives
• To teach students the values of patriotism,
citizenship, leadership and service to the
community,
• Develop personal responsibility and a sense
of accomplishment while instilling in them
self-discipline, self-esteem, and teamwork.
• To prepare the students for responsible
leadership roles.
• To provide instruction and rewarding
opportunities that will benefit the student,
the community, and the nation.
Brief History of the ROTC Program?
• ROTC started in 1939 by virtue of E.O. 207
issued by President Manuel L. Quezon
making ROTC a compulsory course in all
colleges and universities.
• In 1944, It was discontinued at the onset
of World War II and was revived in 1950
pursuant to General Orders issued by the
Philippine Army.
women.
• In 1991, R.A. 7077 was enacted into law
affirming mandatory military training into
colleges and universities as well as the
establishment and maintenance of ROTC
Program.
• The coverage of the ROTC Program then
was male students enrolled in any
baccalaureate degree and became a
requirement for graduation.
• ROTC has a duration of 2 years or 4
semesters at 1.3 units per semester or a
total of 6 units for 2 years.
• In July 2001, RA 9163 was enacted into law
establishing the National Service Training
Program (NSTP), amending Sections 38 and
39 of RA 7077, making ROTC optional by
implementing 3 Program Components
namely: NSTP- ROTC, NSTP-CWTS, NSTP-
LTS.
• The Course was reduced from 2 years to 1
year or 2 semesters, but still a requisite for
Graduation, which covers not only the
males but also includes female students.
What’s in store For ROTC Student?
I. To develop and instill sense of patriotism,
leadership, moral virtues , self awareness and values
formation, respect for rights of civilians and
adherence to the constitution.
 Responsiveness to Disasters and Calamities
 Humanitarian Undertakings
- Blood Letting
- Pamaskong Handog
 Community Development & Environmental
Protection
- Campus Clean-up
- Operation Linis
 - Coastal Clean-up  Enlistment in the reserve force
- Tree Planting  Priority for enlistment in the regular force
 Option to be officers of RRU or SRU
II. To l earn the rudiments of military service in
 More opportunities for training/schooling
order to effectively response during disasters and at gov’t expense
calamities.  Others
 Drills and Ceremonies
 Familiarization Firing
 Land Navigation Trng COURSE ORIENTATION
 Obstacle Course
AUTH: Sec 85-38, NDA – All able bodied
 Basic of Jungle Survival
male/female shall render personal/civil service in
 Learn the Basic Life Support and Water
the defense of the AFP.
Survival
 Educational Tour  PRESIDENT GLORIA MACAPAGAL ARROYO
 Fire and Earthquake Drill – AFP COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF
 Physical Fitness Awareness
 Alay-Lakad  SEC NORBERTO GONZALES – SECRETARY OF
NATIONAL DEFENSE.
 Enhance Knowledge in Public Information
 Radio Guesting  GEN DELFIN BANGIT AFP – CHIEF OF STAFF,
AFP

 LT GEN OSCAR H RABENA AFP –

WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS? COMMANDING GENERAL, PHIL AIR FORCE
ROTC INCENTIVES FOR CADET OFFICER  BRIG GEN DANILO N FERRER AFP –
COMMANDER, AIR FORCE RESERVE
 Combat Clothing and Individual
COMMAND
Equipment (CCIE)
 LT COLONEL EDUARDO D MANLAPIG PAF –
Battle Dress Uniform (BDU) -1 set
COMMANDING OFFICER,
General Office Uniform (GOU Blue) -1 set 2ND AIR FORCE RESERVE CENTER

Combat Boots - 1 pair  2LT BERNARD RODERICK A JOAQUIN PAF –

COMMANDANT, 243RD DEPARTMENT OF
Belt and Buckle w/ Air Force seal - 1 set
AIR SCIENCE AND TACTICS, COLEGIO DE
DAGUPAN

 Scholarship Grant

CG, PAF Scholarship (P3,000.00) every Sem REPUBLIC ACT 9163( NSTP LAW)

CS, AFP Scholarship (P15,000.00) every Year - An act establishing the National Service Training
Program for Tertiary students amending Republic
What comes next? ROTC Graduates - Act 7077 and Presidential Decree 1706 and for
other purposes.
3 COMPONENTS OF NSTP
1. CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE (CWTS)
2. MILITARY TRAINING SERVICE (MTS) OR
RESERVE OFFICER TRAINING CORPS (ROTC)
3. LITERACY TRAINING SERVICE (LTS)
AFPR G 310-021 DTD 25 AUGUST 1985
-Is a regulation that prescribe policies governing
ROTC establishment, organization, administration
and training.
REPUBLIC ACT 7077
- An act providing for the development,
administration, organization, training, maintenance
and utilization of the citizen armed forces of the
AFP and for other purpose.
ARMED FORCES OF THE PHIL. MISSION
-To defend the Republic of the Philippines,
safeguard its national territory and assists the
government in the socio- economic program.
PHILIPPINE AIR FORCE MISSION
-To conduct prompt and sustained air operation.
AIR FORCE RESERVE COMMAND MISSION
-To organize, train, equipt develop and administer
PAF Reserve Force as the base for the expansion in
the event of war, invasion, rebellion, disaster or
calamities.
6th AIR FORCE RESERVE CENTER MISSION
-To develop, train and utilize the Philippine Air
Force Citizen Armed Force.
DEPARTMENT OF AIR SCIENCE AND TACTICS
MISSION
-To train and develop high school and college
students in the rudiments of military service and
produce capable Philippine Air Force Reservist.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
 BASIC ROTC COURSE
-The prescribed course of 1 year of Military
instruction in ROTC.
 ADVANCE ROTC COURSE
-The prescribed course of instruction of 2 years
after completing the basic course.
 MILITARY TRAINING INSTRUCTORS
-AFP Officers and enlisted personnel (regular or
reserve) or other persons with military
experience detailed/ appointed to the ROTC
department of an institution.
 BRANCH
-The arm of the service in which group or
groups of cadets in an institution are being
structured.
 CADET
-Any male student duly enrolled in any of the
ROTC course of instruction.
 CADETTE
-Any female student duly enrolled in any of the
ROTC course of instruction.
 CADET OFFICER
-Any male student duly enrolled in any of the
ROTC courses of instruction who has finished
the Cadet Officer Qualification Course (COQC)
or its equivalent and has been appointed as
cadet commissioned officer by the commander,
major service/reserve command unit.
 CADETTE OFFICER
-Any female student duly enrolled in any of the
ROTC courses of instruction who has finished
the Cadet Officer Qualification Course (COQC)
or its equivalent and has been appointed as
cadet commissioned officer by the commander,
major service/reserve command unit.
 ROTC COMMANDANT
-The AFP officer detailed (Regular or Reserve) to
an institution and designated by proper military
authority as the head of the ROTC unit.
 DROP-OUT –
-Any student who, after having been enrolled as
an active cadet absent himself from ROTC
instruction for a cumulative period constituting
more than 20% of the allotted period of
instructions during the semester, or who
abandon the course during the semester.
 EVADER
-Any student duly registered in an institution
but failed to enrol with any of the 3
components of National Service Training
Program (NSTP), within 15 days after the close
of the regular registration period in the
institution.
 ACTIVE
-The status of the students enrolled in any ROTC
course of instruction and qualified to become
an AFP reservist.
 DEFFERED
-The status of a student who has been granted
permission to postpone his enrolment in any of
the 3 components of the NSTP with valid
reason.
 EXEMPTED
-The status of a student enrolled in any
institution where ROTC course conducted, but
who has attended a military course of
instruction such as Active military personnel, Ex-
servicemen of the AFP with at least 6 months
active duty, Enlisted reservist (BCMT Graduates)
and Alien students.
 INSTITUTION
-University, College, School or any similar
establishment of learning duly authorized by
the Government.
 DEPARTMENT
-A division or department of an institution
which conduct ROTC Instruction.
 ROTC UNIT (AIR FORCE, ARMY, NAVY)
-The term used for ROTC department duly
established and maintained in an institution to
include all the cadets/cadettes enrolled in the
ROTC course.
 ATTENDANCE
-A minimum attendance of 80% of the total
number of hour of ROTC training per semester
or 13 training days shall be required to pass the
course. a cadet who successively accumulates
four absences shall be dropped, while a cadet
who will accumulates five (5) absences shall be
given a failing grade or failed.
GRADING SYSTEM
 Cadet shall be given a final grade for every
semester/trimester. Such grade to be
computed based on the following weights:
MAX MIN
ATTENDANCE - 30% - 24%
MILITARY APTITUDE - 30% - 24%
SUBJECT PROFICIENCY - 40% - 28% NR OF CORRECT ITEM ------ X 40% TOTAL NR
OF ITEMS
TOTAL 100% - 76%
EX.
NOTE: BELOW MIN PERCENTAGE IS FAILED
45 CORRECT ITEMS ---------------- X .40
 A Cadet, however must obtain a minimum
of 28 points in subject proficiency and 24 50 ITEMS= 36
points in attendance and military aptitude
in the above points distribution in order to CLASSIFICATION OF CADETS
pass the semester’s work. FIRST CLASS
- third year advance course cadet

SECOND CLASS
- second year advance course cadet
THIRD CLASS
COMPUTATION OF GRADE
- first year basic ROTC course (COQC
 ATTENDANCE graduates)
FOURTH CLASS
NR OF HRS PRESENT ---------------- X 30%
- first year basic ROTC course (PLAIN CADET)
TOTAL NR OF HRS PER SEM

EX.
LIST OF DEMERITS
13 TRAINING DAY X .30
 CLASS A OFFENCE
15 TRAINING DAY = 26%
PUNISHABLE BY DISCHARGE:
 MILITARY APTITUDE
Gross disrespect to superior officers, abuse of
(100 MERITS – TOTAL DEMERITS RECEIVED) authority; destruction of school property. any cadet
officer or cadet who, in the case of former, abuses
X 30%
his authority or manhandles his subordinates or
100 MERITS who in both cases, assaults a superior officer under
any pretext whatsoever; who shall be found
EX. cheating during graded examination shall be
discharged with or without prejudice to enrollment
100 MERITS – 20 DEMERITS X .30
in other rotc units as the rotc commandant may
100 MERITS = 24% direct.

 SUBJECT PROFICIENCY – Weighted grade of  CLASS B OFFENCE

examination is computed as follows
6 – 10 DEMERITS GRAVE MISDEMEANOUR: Any
WEIGHTED cadet officer or cadet who shall be found talking to
a superior officer in begrudging and hostile manner,
who disobey legal orders from his superiors; who
points his rifle at any persons; who shall be found 30 MINUTES LATE – MARKED ABSENT
sleeping in the classroom; who shall report late in
formation shall be awarded not less than 6 and not ESCAPED FROM CLASS – MARKED ABSENT
more 10 than demerits as the rotc commandant  EXAMINATION
may direct.
PRELIM
 CLASS C OFFENCE
MID-TERM
4 – 5 DEMERITS – LESS GRAVE MISDEMEANOUR:
FINALS
Any cadet officer or cadet who shall be found
slouching in ranks; walking in uniform without
headgear; who spit/smoke cigarette while in ranks;
 AUTHORIZED UNIFORM
wearing dirty uniform, when reporting to an officer
with chewing gum in his mouth; carelessly aside his MALE & FEMALE
rifle shall be given awarded not less than 4 and not
more than 5 demerits as the rotc commandant may WHITE T-SHIRT WITH ROTC LOGO
direct. BLUE MAONG PANTS
 CLASS D OFFENCE RUBBER SHOES
1 – 3 DEMERITS – MINOR MISDEMEANOUR OR
WEARING OF HAIR NET (FEMALE CADET)
OMMISSIONS:
 UNAUTHORIZED UNIFORM/ACCESSORIES
Any cadet officer or cadet who shall be found
without namecloth/nameplate or patches WEARING OF EARINGS (MALE CADET)
corresponding to his rank and uniforms; with
unshined shoes; sporting long hair and mustache; COLORING OF HAIR
dirty face; standing on one leg while in formation; LONG HAIR FOR MALE
falling in ranks; sitting while or ranks; leaning or
sitting with his rifle shall be awarded 1 and not
more than 3 demerits as the rotc commandant may
direct.

 OTHERSTRAINING SCHEDULE

15 TRAINING DAY EVERY SATURDAY 0730H – 1200H

 ATTENDANCE

0800H 1ST ROLL CALL

1130H LAST ROLL CALL

15 MINUTES LATE – DEMERITS

 DRILLS AND CEREMONIES
Presented By: TSg Carlo E Bal-ut PAF
Training NCO
Learning Objective
ACTION: To gain knowledge in Drills & Ceremonies
CONDITION: In a classroom environment, with
power point presentation and well-motivated
instructor and students.
STANDARD: The student would be able to
understand and properly apply the procedure of
Drills & Ceremonies
Drills and ceremonies is to uplift the soldier's
morale, develop a culture of teamwork and
camaraderie, and project the stature of the armed
forces.
Learning the exact way to conduct drills and
ceremonies is among the fundamentals of military
training and indoctrination.
Needless to say, it is important for the
soldiers to not only familiarize themselves with
drills and ceremonies but also to master and
perfectly perform them on the grounds.
Henceforth there is a need for a manual
that will serve as a standard and precise guidelines
in carrying them out throughout the AFP.
The commands were derived from the English
words but are given in the Filipino language.
Purposely, to provide from uniformity,
simplicity, preciseness and to suit the Filipino
commands in terms of voice control,
distinctiveness, inflections with right cadence.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
 FLIGHT
- At least two, but not more than
elements.
 ALIGNMENT
- a straight line upon which several elements
are ferment, or the dressing for several
elements upon straight line. A unit is
aligned when it is dressed.
 DRESS
- Alignment of elements side by side or in line
maintaining proper interval.
 CADENCE
- a uniform rhythm by which a movement is
executed or the number of steps or counts
per minutes of which a movement is
executed.
 COVER
- Individuals aligning themselves directly
behind the person to their immediate front
while maintaining proper distance
 ELEMENT
-That is the smallest drill unit comprised of
at least 3, but usually 8 to 12 individuals,
one of whom is designated the element
leader.
 BASE
-the element on which a movement is
regulated. For instance, in executing right
front into line the leading element is the
base.
 FRONT
-Is the space occupied by unit, measured
from flank to flank.
 IN COLUMN
- Is the arrangement of units side by side with
four guide element leaders to the head.
 ARM SWING
-the swinging of arms must be 6 inches in
front and 3 inches straight to the rear of the
trouser seams, fingers formed into a fist
with the thumb over the forefinger.
- the direction of the face during the eyes
right should be 45 degrees to the right side.
 GUIDE- the man with whom the command
or element thereof regulates its march.

 PACE  TO REVOKE A COMMAND

- A step of 24 inches. This is the length of a - to cancel a command that has not been
full step in quick time carried out or to start a movement
improperly begun from halt, the command
 SLOW TIME MANUMBALIK or AS YOU WERE is given. On
- The rate of marching at 60 steps per min. this command, the movement of troops and
men resume its former position.
 MARK TIME
- Marching in place at rate of 100 to 120 POSITION OF ATTENTION OF A SOLDIERS
steps per minute. WITHOUT ARMS

 DOUBLE TIME
- cadence at a rate of 180 steps per minute.
 Rank
- A single line of persons placed side by side.
 Interval
- The space between individuals placed side
by side.
 DISTANCE
- space between individual when individual
are one behind the other.
 STEPS
- the distance measured from heel to heel
between the feet of a man walking. A steps
may be any prescribed number of inches.
POSITION OF ATTENTION
1. Heels on the same line as close to each other as
possible.
2. Feet turned out equally, forming an angel of
approximately 45 degrees.
3. Knees straight w/out stiffness.
4. Hips level, body erect, shoulders clipped to the
back and square to the front stomach in.
5. Arms hanging naturally along the sides w/out
stiffness, back of the hands out, thumbs along the
seams of the trousers and the fingers held naturally.
6. Head erect and eyes straight to the front. Chin
drawn in so that the axis of the head and neck is
vertical.
7. Weight of the body rests equally on both legs.
8. Remain silent and do not move unless otherwise
directed.

 ECHELON VOICE CONTROL, PARTS AND TYPES OF COMMAND

- one of a series of elements formed one
behind another. VOICE CONTROL

1. Loudness – a command should be

 EYES RIGHT allowed enough to be heard an understood by all
receiving or executing the command.
 2. Volume – is best attain by good posture are definitely effective in developing a command
of the body, ease, proper breathing, and correct voice when instructing a leadership course. (Voice
timing in giving the commands. Control for COQC)

3. Diaphragm – used the diaphragm in Types of Commands

giving commands.
1.TA (Abbreviated SANDATA) manual of arms.
4. Distinctiveness – distinct command
2. KAD (Abbreviated LAKAD) from rest to motion,
should be given to ensure correct execution.
other commands given while in motion, the general
2 Parts of Command rule will apply.

Commands 3. TO (Abbreviated HINTO) from motion to rest.

Preparatory Command – states the movement to 4. RAP (Abbreviated HARAP) literal translation of
be carried out and mentally prepares the soldier for READY FRONT, facing
its execution. In the command “PASULONG, KAD”
the preparatory command is Pasulong 5. DA (Abbreviated HANDA) for attention.

Command of Execution – tells when the movement 6. NGA (Abbreviated PAHINGA)

is to be carried out. In “PASULONG KAD” the “Tikas Pahinga” Parade Rest
command of execution is Kad. MOVEMENTS WHILE AT HALT
Combined Commands – the preparatory command POSITION AND STATIONARY MOVEMENTS
and the command of execution are combined. (Flight Composition)
These commands are given without inflection and
at a uniformly pitch and loudness comparable to a. Attention (Humanda)
that for normal command of execution.
b. Fall in (Humanay)
Supplementary Commands – are oral orders given
c. At close interval (Masinsing Pagitan)
by the subordinate leader to reinforce the
complement of d. At normal interval (Tun-ton Kanan)
commander order. It is normally given between
preparatory command and the command of e. Flight Inspection (Pabukang Hanay)
execution. (Adjutant)

Directives – are oral order given by the commander

Salutes– Pagpugay Kamay/Tanghal (Two counts
that direct or cause a subordinate leader to take
execution.)
action. It is given in a sentence form and are
normally prefixed by the terms. A subordinate a. Hand salute (Pugay kamay, Na)
leader upon receiving a directive will resort to the
normal two-part command. (Adjutant) - Baba Kamay, Na

Mass command – Mass command may be used to b. Rifle Salute (Tanghal, Ta)
develop confidence and promote enthusiasm. They
- Baba, Ta
 b. Eyes Right (Handa tingin sa Kanan, Na)
- Handa, Rap
Rest at Halt
(one count execution except fall-out)
1. Parade Rest (Tikas Pahinga)
2. At Ease (Paluwag)
3. Rest (Pahinga)
4. Fall out (Tiwalag) Facing – Harap Harapan
(Two count execution)
1. Right Face (Harap sa Kanan, Rap)
2. Left Face (Harap sa Kaliwa, Rap)
3. About Face (Harap sa Likod, Rap)
4. Left Halt Face (Harap hating Kaliwa, Rap)
5. Right Halt Face (Harap Hating Kanan, Rap)
6. Center Face (Harap Sa Gitna Rap)
STEPS AND MARCHING
1. Change Steps (Palit Hakbang, Kad)
- the command Palit hakbang, Kad is given as the
right foot strikes the marching surfaces. On the
command of execution Kad take one more steps
with left foot, then in one count place the right toe
near the heel of the left foot and step off again with
the left foot. Bring your arms in the side.
2. Marching in Place (Patakda, Kad)
- The command Patakda, Kad is given as
either foot strikes the marching surface. On
the command of execution Kad, take one more
step, bring the trailing foot along side the leading
foot, and begin to march in place.
3. Column Right/Left (Liko sa Kanan/
Kaliwa, Kad)
- The command Liko sa Kanan, Kad is given as the
right foot strike the ground. On the preparatory
command Liko shift the weight of the body to the
left leg without noticeable movement. On the
command Kad face 90 degrees to the right by
pivoting on the ball of the left foot. At the same
time taking half steps in the new direction with your
foot, and do not allow your arms to swing.
4. Right/Left Flank(Kanang/Kaliwang
Panig,Kad)
- the command Kanang Panig, Kad is given as the
right foot strike the ground, advance and plant your
left foot then face to the right in marching and step
off in the new direction on your right foot.
5. Eyes Right/Left while marching
Two counts execution)
-The command Handa tingin sa Kanan, Na is given
as the right foot strike the deck. On the command
of execution Na count one step to the front with
your left foot, the smartly turn your head and eyes
45 degrees to the right (except the element leaders
and the guide). The shoulder remain square to the
front. The command to terminate this movement is
Handa Rap.
6. Staff Behind Me (Kalipunan
Sumalikod Ko, Kad)
- To make a staff move to the rear of the
commander, the command is Kalipunan Sumalikod
Ko, Kad. The movement is executed in 8 counts for
2 men staff, 10 counts for 3 men staff, 12 counts for
4 men staff. At the command Kad all members of
the staff execute right face, then the first man faces
left and marches in four steps, column left and halts
on the prescribed last count.
TYPES OF FORMATION

INTERIOR GUARD DUTY
DEFINITION OF TERMS
1. OFFICER OF THE DAY
 Acting directly under the commanding
officer.
 Responsible on a given day for the
execution of all orders of the commanding
officer relating to interior guard duty and
other duties as may be assigned.
2.COMMANDER OF THE GUARD
 Responsible for the instruction,
discipline, and performance of duty
of the guards.
 Member of the guard next junior to
the Officer of the Day.
3. SERGEANT OF THE GUARD
 Non-commissioned officer of the
guard.
 Supervises the enlisted members of
the guard.
 Responsible to the Commander of
the Guard for the execution of all
orders related to guard duty.
4. GUARDHOUSE
 A building occupied by men
detailed for interior guard duty.
 It is a guard tent or any other
designated location for the
headquarters of the guard.
5. CHALLENGE
 Used to cause an unidentified party
or person to halt and to be
identified.
 If secret challenge is used, it follows
the original challenge and consists
of a word or distinctive sound.
The command “HALT. WHO IS THERE?”
6. PASSWORD
A word or distinctive sound used to answer
a challenge, identifies the person or party desiring
to enter or pass and is always secret.
7. COUNTERSIGN
 Consists of a secret challenge and a
password.
 Words comprising the countersign
are issued from the principal
headquarters of a command to aid
guards and sentinels in their
scrutiny of person who apply to
pass the lines.
8. CONFINEMENT OFFICER
 A military police officer assigned to a
stockade and charge with the security,
administration, care, and custody of all prisons
confined in the local stockade or hospital prisoner
ward
9. RELIEF
The procedure whereby members of the post is
relieved and members is posted in his place.
10. RELIEVED
To direct any members of the guard to cease
performance of duty.
11.WATCH
A period of time during which member of the guard
performed the prescribed duties beginning where
he is posted and terminated his duties.
12.STOCKADE
A confinement facility under the jurisdiction of an
instillation commander used for the confinement of
military persons.
PROCEDURES FOR CHALLENGING AND REPLYING A
PASSWORD
2. CHALLENGING ONE PERSON
AIR FORCE SENTRY
a. To a person about to enter his post:
“HALT WHO GOES THERE”
b. Sentry orders the person forward
“ADVANCE, Cdt Damasco TO BE RECOGNIZED”
c. When a person close enough to be identified.
The Sentry commands:
“HALT” (He does not recognized Cdt Damasco)
d. The Sentry has identified the person, he will
permit him to proceed. “PASS SIR”
PERSON CHALLENGED
a. On halt immediately and answers:
Cdt Damasco, THE Personnel, S-1”
b. The person will advance without replying.
c. Person will halt and wait for further instruction.
d. The person challenged will give the reply in
low voice.
e. Person will proceed when told to proceed.
CHALLENGING A GROUP
a. To a group of person about to enter his post:
GUARD: “HALT, WHO GOES THERE”
LT MORE: “LT MORE AND MTI’S request permission
to enter / pass”.
b. Guard will order the most Senior to advance
forward:
“ADVANCE LT MORE TO BE RECOGNIZED”
c. When LT MORE is close enough to be
identified, guard will command:
“ADVANCE THE PATROL TO BE RECOGNIZED”
d. Once recognized, the group will be allowed to
enter or pass.
DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
1. Commanding Officer – CO
- Provides sentinel for security.
- Prescribes regulations and special orders of the
guard.
- Receives the report of the Officer of the Day
- Supervises and inspects stockade prisoners.
2. Officer of the Day – OD
- Responsible for the performance of the Guard.
- Protects life and properties in case of alarm.
- Provides signature of the Guard report.
- Responsible for the guard.
- Responsible for the instruction, performance, and
discipline of the guard.
- Prepares the daily report.
- Responsible for the lowering and raising of the
National Flag.
- Forms the reserve guard in case of alarm.
3. Sergeant of the Guard – SOG
- Supervises the Non-Commissioned Officer of the
Guard.
- Responsible for the posting of relief at proper
time.
- Responsible for the cleanliness of the Guard house
and its surroundings.
- Forms the guard in case of emergency.
4. Corporal of the guard – COG
-Assigns members of the guard to their post.
-Reports to the sergeant of the guard all violations
of orders and unusual incidents.
-Posts himself at the guard house.
-Awakens the next relief on time of relieving.
-Examine persons halted or determined by
sentinels.
6. Sentinels
- Memorize, understand, and complied with the 11
General Orders, Special Orders General Orders
ELEVEN (11) GENERAL ORDERS
1. To take charge of this post and all government
property in view.
2. To walk my post in a military manner keeping
always on the alert and observing everything that
takes place within sight or hearing.
3. To report all violations of orders I am instructed
to enforce.
4. To repeat all calls from post more distant from
the guardhouse than my own.
5. To quit my post only when properly relieved.
6. To receive, obey and pass to the sentinel who
relieves me all orders by the Commanding Officer,
Officer of the Day and Non-commissioned officer of
the guard only.
7. To talk to no one except in the line of duty.
8. To give the alarm in case of fire or disorder.
9. To call the Corporal of the Guard in any case not
covered by instruction.
10. To salute all officers, colors and standard not
cased.
11.To be specially watchful at night and during the
time of challenging, to challenge all persons on or
near my post and to allow no one to pass without
proper authority.
SPECIAL ORDERS
orders promulgated by the commanding
officers which prescribe the special duties for the
main and special guards.
MILITARY HYGIENE & SANITATION
AW2C Galang
Mental Attitude
“How can I help my team accomplish its mission.”
 Fear is a basic human emotion.
 Avoid letting your imagination run wild.
 Worry undermines the body, dulls the mind
and slows down thinking and learning.
 You may be required in any part of the
world and in all types of terrain.
Physical Efficiency and Resistance to Decease
 An athlete knows from experience that he
must keep his body in good shape.
 Your body process are sluggish and your
reactions slower when your are tired.
 When you have the opportunity to rest,
make yourself as comfortable as possible.
 Maintain peak efficiency by preserving
good-eating habits.
Body Care Under Varied Climatic Conditions
Trench foot and Immersion Foot.
a. Cold or wet weather, improper care of your feet
may result in a condition known as trench foot.
When condition is mild the feet are pale and look
shriveled; later they lose all feeling.
b. To guard trench foot and immersion foot, follow
the simple rules listed below
 Exercise your feet
 Keep your feet as clean as possible
 Keep your feet as dry as possible
 Put on clean, dry socks as often as possible
 Do not wear tight boots or tight socks.
 Remove your boots and massage your feet
c.It is especially important to exercise the feet to
maintain circulation.
d. Do not allow circulation by putting on extra
socks by wearing tight boots. If your boots feel
tight, loosen the laces. Wear loose clothing around
the knees and calves of your legs.
HEAT CRAMPS
Heat cramps occur when you have been sweating a
great deal and have not taken extra amount of salt.
HEAT EXHAUSTION
Excessive loss water and salt cause heat exhaustion
from the body. This condition results from heavy
sweating.
HEATSTROKE
Very high body temperature and unconsciousness
characterize heatstroke, a very serious condition
with a high death rate.
BODY CLEANLINESS
Perform and maintain field hygiene and sanitation
1.Promote good personal hygiene
a). Arrange for facilities such as hand washing and
showering devices, hot water for shaving, and
heated dressing area
b). Assist in inspecting soldiers to ensure adequate
personal hygiene measures
c). Protect water sources by good sanitary
practices
d). Identify water sources
f). Treat water source
Filter to remove remaining turbidity
1V). Consider addition of chlorine
 NOTE: G. Inspect food service facilities

The Calcium hypochlorite is added to the I). Identify basic defects

water in amount necessary, with a chlorine II). Recommend corrective measures
demand, to destroy organisms.

The sudden disappearance of all chlorine probably

indicates recontamination.

3). Verify food service sanitation

A. Identify factor causing foodborne disease

I). Improper refrigeration

II). Not maintaining hot foods at product
temperature
III). Not protecting foods from cross-contamination
IV). Improper transportation and storage practices
V). Not protecting foods from contamination
B. Store foods

I). Upon receipt, inspect food

II). Identify if foods need refrigeration or heating
III). Transport any potentially hazardous foods in
insulated food containers

C. Consider personal hygiene when handling food

D. Clean and sanitize utensils

E. Wash, rinse, and properly store utensils

F. Follow food preparation guidelines

I). Potentially hazardous foods should be prepared

immediately before serving
II). Plan meals to reduce amount of leftovers
III). Thoroughly wash and rinse fruits and vegetables

NOTE: Fruits and vegetables grown in areas

where human excreta are used as fertilizer must
not be consumed raw except with the approval of
medical authority.
 SEARCH & RESCUE SYSTEM - Includes the receiving of emergency
information by any person or agency.
SEARCH AND RESCUE

- The employment of available personnel  INITIAL ACTION

and facilities in rendering aid to persons and - Evaluation and Classification of
property in distress. It comprises the search information.
for and provision of aid to persons who are - Alerting SAR facilities.
or feared to be in need of assistance, and
the search for and protection of property
involved.

SAR SYSTEM
 PLANNING STAGE
The SAR System consist of five (5) stages
supported by five (5) components that are - Determining most probable position of the
emergency.
necessary to render SAR services.
- Size of search area.
From an operational point of view the SAR - Optimum search plan.
system is activated when information is received - Attainable rescue plan.
that an emergency exist. - Selection of safe delivery point of
survivors.
On the other hand, the system is deactivated - Selection of suitable medical facilities for
when: injured or ailing survivors.
 a. The survivor or endangered craft is
 OPERATION STAGE
delivered to a position of safety.
 b. It has been determined that no - SAR Facilities proceed to the scene
emergency actually existed. - Conduct search
 c. There is no longer hope for rescue. - Rescue survivors
- Assist distressed craft
FIVE (5) OPERATING STAGES OF SAR SYSTEM - Provide emergency care for survivors
- Deliver injured to a suitable medical
The SAR System operates in five (5) stages, which facilities
compromise the whole range of SAR procedures
from notification to the termination of SAR  MISSION CONCLUSION STAGE
operation. These are :
- Movement of SAR facilities from the safe
SEARCH AND RESCUE STAGES delivery point to their regular location.
- Documentation.
 AWARENESS STAGE
COMPONENTS OF SAR SYSTEM
- Awareness that an emergency situation
may exist. The SAR system is composed of five (5)
interrelated functional components namely
  ORGANIZATION – which provides for:
- Geographically defined areas of SAR
coordination responsibility.
- Centralized control and coordination
Capability.
- Effective use of all available facilities for
all types of SAR mission SAR coordinators,
RCC’s, RSC’s, SMC’s and OSC’s
 FACILITIES
Provides the personnel equipments and
facilities necessary to perform the stages of the SAR
system. Includes all types of aircraft, watercraft and
land vehicles, including the personnel to man them.
 COMMUNICATIONS
Provides all communications media through
which early detection, alerting, control, support and
coordination are maintained throughout the SAR
system
EMERGENCY CARE
The uncertainty phase is assigned
anytime doubt exist as to the safety of a person or
craft because of knowledge of possible difficulties.
 ALERT PHASE (ALERFA)
The alert phase is assigned anytime
apprehension exist as for the safety of a person or a
craft because of definite information that serious
difficulty exist which does not amount to distress, or
because of a continued lack of information
concerning progress or position.
 DISTRESS PHASE (DISTRESFA)
The distress phase is assigned anytime
immediate assistance is required by an craft or
person because of being threatened and imminent
danger, or because of continuous lack of
information concerning progress or position.
ASSIGNING EMERGENCY CLASSIFICATION
An incident may be classified in one of the
emergency phase by:

Provides injured survivors with all the
necessary emergency treatment within capabilities.
Includes emergency first aid skills applied to the
injured at the distress scene and life support and
route to an emergency receiving hospital.
- A SAR facility initiating a SAR action.
- A Rescue coordinating center.
- The pilot of an aircraft or the master
operator of a surface craft.
- An aeronautical facility providing air traffic.

 DOCUMENTATION

Provides for the collection and analysis of

information pertaining to SAR mission. It includes all
data received from the awareness stage the end the
mission conclusion stage.

PHASES OF EMERGENCIES

There are three (3) phases of emergency

established for classifying incidents and determining
the actions to be taken for each particular incident.

 UNCERTAINTY PHASE (UNCERFA)

 THEORY OF FLIGHT

AIRCRAFT

- Any object that is used to transport persons

or things through air.

Types of Aircraft

LIGHTER-THAN-AIR

- A/C which are supported in the air by

aerostatic buoyant forces such as hot air n WINGS - main lifting component of an
balloon and airships airplane

- This general type of aircraft derives its
power and lift forces through th use of hot
air or other form of gases.
HEAVIER-THAN-AIR
- A/C supported in the air by than
aerodynamic forces such as airplane, glider
and helicopter
n FUSELAGE - main body of an airplane
n COCKPIT - portion of the airplane occupied
by the pilot
n POWERPLANT - main source of propulsion
n EMPANAGE - tail section

AIRCRAFT CATEGORY ELEMENTARY AERODYNAMICS

FIXED WING

ROTARY WING

BASIC AIRCRAFT COMPONENT

 Is a state or condition wherein the people’s way of
life and institutions their territorial integrity and
sovereignty, their welfare and well being are
protected and enhance

ELEMENTS OF NATIONAL SECURITY

TERRITORIAL INTEGRITY
ECOLOGICAL BALANCE
SOCIO-POLITICAL
ECONOMIC SOLIDARITY
CULTURAL COHESIVENESS
MORAL- SPIRITUAL CONSENSUS

THREATS TO NATIONAL SECURITY

Lift – an upward force acting on a wing INTERNAL THREATS
Thrust – the forward force created by the power Traditional
plant Non-Traditional
EXTERNAL SECURITY CONCERNS
Drag – opposing force created by the air friction
Regional
Weight – the total mass of the aircraft and
International
gravitational force.

INTERNAL THREATS

Communist Terrorist Movement (CTM)

Southern Philippines Secessionist Groups
(SPSG)
Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG)
Misuari Breakaway Group (MBG)
Jemaah Islamiya (JI)

THREATS TO NATIONAL SECURITY

CTM Background and Status
NATIONAL SECURITY
Objective: To seize political power
The ability to preserve the nation’s physical integrity
and territory, to maintain its economic relations Status of Organization: Divided into factions
with the rest of the world on reasonable terms, to
protect its nature, institutions, and governance - Reaffirmist (RA) – Mainstream faction
from disruption from outside, and to control its - Rejectionist (RJ) – Breakaway groups
borders.
 -Partido ng Manggagawang Piipino (PMP)
-Partido Marxista-Leninista
Pilipinas/ABB (PMLP/ABB)
-Marxist-Leninist Party of the Philippines/
-Rebulusyonaryong Hukbo ng Bayan
(MLPP/RHB)
-Rebulusyonaryong Partido
Manggagawa- Mindanao/ Revolutionary
Proletariat Army (RPM-M/RPA)
Communist Terrorist Movement
SWORD-and-SHIELD concept
EXPANSION OF INFLUENCE
CTM Activities
FUND GENERATING SCHEMES
• Extortion
• Collection of party contribution
• Socio-Economic works/projects
• Imposition of permit-to-campaign fees
TACTICAL OFFENSIVES
• Attacks on police and military units
• Ambuscades
• Abduction
• Liquidation
• Destruction of Property
• Agaw Armas Opns
Manpower Build-up efforts
Massive Recruitment and Training
Exploitation of Issues
Mass Actions
SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES SECESSIONIST GROUP
(SPSG)
MORO ISLAMIC LIBERATION FRONT (MILF)
ng ABU SAYYAF GROUP (ASG)
MISUARY BREAKAWAY GROUP (MBG)
MORO ISLAMIC LIBERATION FRONT (MILF)
ng Pursues tactical offensive while talking
peace with the government
Financial scheme
ZACAT or tax collection
Highway robbery
Kidnapping (KFRG)
ARMS PROCUREMENT DRIVE
Local sources
Foreign sources
Manpower Build-up Efforts
Continuous recruitment and
training
Training with foreigners
EFFORTS TO WIDEN INFLUENCED AREAS
To establish new camps
Attack military installations in
Zamboanga del Sur, Basilan, Lanao
del Sur and Norte, North Cotabato
and Maguindanao
PLANS AND PROGRAMS
Continuous recruitment and
training of MILF regulars
Procurement of more weapons and
ammunition.
Islamization efforts by creating and
establishing linkage with madrasah
or madris.
 Supporting the establishment of Manpower build-up in Basilan, Sulu,
Da’wah Centers in Mindanao and Zamboanga, Sarangani.
Luzon. Established tactical alliance with ASG.

ABU SAYYAF GROUP (ABG) REUNIFICATION OF ALL MNLF FACTIONS

INITIAL OBJECTIVE: Brokered by the Government of Libya, a

member of the OIC, on 23 Jan
“ To establish an independent theocratic Islamic
state in Mindanao.”

RECENT AND CURRENT ACTIVITIES

Kidnapping
Fund Generation
Terrorism
Receipt of Foreign Support
Tactical Alliance with MNLF, MILF and MBG

INTENSIFIED MILITARY CRACKDOWN

Forced ASG bandits to break into small

groups
Sought refuge to other areas in Mindanao
and Sabah

ASG PLANS

Ambuscades
Kidnappings
Bombings

MISUARI BREAKAWAY GROUP (MBG)

Established in 2001
Currently inactive
Possible small-scale operation
Preoccupied of drawing up support and
sympathy for detained leader MISUARI