Setting Proteksi Steam Turbin Generator

Grati - Indonesia
CONTENT:
1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 2
2. SOURCE DATA FOR REPORT ..................................................................................................... 2
3. LEGEND .................................................................................................................................. 2
4. TECHNICAL DATA ..................................................................................................................... 3
4.1. GENERATOR ...................................................................................................................... 3
4.2. STEP-UP TRANSFORMER .................................................................................................... 3
4.3. CURRENT AND VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS (RATIO) ............................................................... 4
5. SHORT-CIRCUIT CALCULATION .................................................................................................. 4
5.1. REFERRING VALUES ........................................................................................................... 4
6. PROTECTION SETTING CALCULATION ........................................................................................ 5
6.1. F1 & F2 – 7UM621 ............................................................................................................ 5
6.1.1. GENERATOR DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION (87G) ........................................................... 5
6.1.2. NEGATIVE SEQUENCE OVERCURRENT (46.1, 46.2, 46.3) ............................................... 6
6.1.3. OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION – (59.1; 59.2) ................................................................. 7
6.1.4. UNDERVOLTAGE PROTECTION – (27.1; 27.2) ............................................................... 8
6.1.5. DEFINITE TIME STATOR OVECURRENT (51) .................................................................. 9
6.1.6. INSTANTANEOUS STATOR OVERCURRENT (50) ........................................................... 10
6.1.7. IMPEDANCE PROTECTION (21.1, 21.2) ....................................................................... 11
6.1.8. INADVERTENT ENERGIZATION PROTECTION (50/27) .................................................... 13
6.1.9. REVERSE POWER (32R.1, 32R.2) ............................................................................. 14
6.1.10. ROTOR EARTH FAULT (64R.1, 64R.2) ........................................................................ 15
6.1.11. STATOR OVERLOAD (49.1, 49.2) ............................................................................... 15
6.1.12. FREQUENCY PROTECTION (81U.1, 81U.2, 81O.1, 81O.2) .......................................... 16
6.1.13. STATOR EARTH FAULT - UO, NON DIRECTIONAL (59N) ................................................ 17
6.1.14. 100% STATOR EARTH FAULT – 20HZ (64G) ............................................................... 18
6.1.15. UNDEREXCITATION AND LOSS OF EXCITATION (40.1, 40E) .......................................... 19
6.1.16. OVEREXCITATION (24.1, 24.2, 24.3) .......................................................................... 20
6.1.17. FAULT OF GENERATOR CB (50BF) ............................................................................ 21
6.1.18. FUSE FAILURE MONITOR (60FL) ................................................................................ 21
6.1.19. OUT OF STEP PROTECTION (78)................................................................................. 21
7. SETTING OF SYNCHRONIZATION DEVICES ..................................................................................24
7.1. A1 – 7VE61..................................................................................................................... 24
7.1.1. AUTOMATIC SYNCHRONIZATION ................................................................................. 24
7.2. P3 – ISKRA SQ ............................................................................................................... 27
Revision: 1 PROTECTION SETTING CALCULATION Page 1 (total 28)

Date : 19.05.2017 Siemens, s.r.o. Subject of the document: A5
Grati - Indonesia
1. INTRODUCTION
This technical report refers to the electrical protections of the generator 248.75MVA, Grati -
Indonesia. It is work out in consideration of the rated data of the protected machine and short-
circuit calculations. Protection selectivity is partly considered in this report.
2. SOURCE DATA FOR REPORT

 Single-line diagram
 Tripping matrix
 Data sheet of SIEMENS generator
3. LEGEND
SNG – generator rated apparent power
PNG – generator rated active power
UNG – generator rated voltage
ING – generator rated current
SNT – transformer rated apparent power
UNT – transformer rated voltage
INT – transformer rated current
ISEC – secondary current
IPRIM – primary current
DOR – drop-out ratio
kc – sensitivity ratio
kb – safety ratio
pCT – current transformer ratio (CT)
pVT – voltage transformer ratio (VT)
ICT – CT primary current
UVT – VT primary voltage
SV – referring power
UV – referring voltage
IV – referring current
i1, i2 ,i0 – positive, negative, zero sequence current (pu)
iR, iS ,iT – phase currents (pu)
u1, u2 ,u0 – positive, negative, zero sequence voltage (pu)
uR, uS ,uT – phase voltages (pu)
uRS, uST ,uTR – phase-to-phase voltages (pu)
Zprim – transformer primary impedance
PZG – generator total loss (kW)
Io – neutral current
UNG PH-E – 1phase generator voltage (L to N)
pR – conversion factor of the earthing resistance
USEF - voltage divider
ISEF - special miniature current transformer
RSEC - earth resistance, converted to the device side
RPRIM - primary earth resistance of the stator winding (fault resistance)
pMTN - neutral grounding transformer

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4. TECHNICAL DATA
4.1. GENERATOR
MANUFACTURE DATA
Manufacturer : SIEMENS
Type : SGen5-100A-2P 118-46 M07
RATED DATA
Apparent power [MVA] : 248.75
Power factor : 0.80
Rated voltage [V] : 15750
Frequency [Hz] : 50
Speed [rpm] : 3000
STANDARDS
Design corresponds to : IEC 60034
OTHER PERFORMANCE DATA
Reactances:
- Xd unsat/sat (±15%) % : 205 / 188
- Xd' unsat/sat " % : 25.9 / 23.3
- Xd" unsat/sat " % : 19.7 / 14.8
- X2 unsat/sat " % : 20.7 / 15.5
Time constants:
- Td' [s] : 1.381
- Td" [s] : 0.029
- Td0' [s] : 11.66
Sudden short circuit current at no-load and nom. voltage

IS: 3 phase (peak) [kA] : 157
IK3 : 3 phase [kA] : 13.2
4.2. STEP-UP TRANSFORMER
RATED DATA
Rated power [MVA] : 243
Rated voltage [kV] : 15.75/500
uK [%] : 12%

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4.3. CURRENT AND VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS (RATIO)

Table 4.1 Current transformer – gen. power outlet
-TA1
CORE 1 10000/1A, 5P20/30VA PROTECTION RELAY –F2

CORE 2 10000/1A, 0,2FS10/5VA MEASURING
Table 4.2 Current transformer – gen. neutral point

-T10

CORE 3 10000/1A, 0,2FS10/5VA AVR
Table 4.3 Grounding point

GROUNDING 15.75
/ 0.24KV
TRANSFORMER  3
-T8 5A/300S
400/5A
PROTECTION RELAY
CORE 1 4NC5225-2CE20
–F1,-F2
TWO TURNS (200/5A)
GROUNDING 1.37Ω
RESISTOR 200A/300S
-R8 20A CONT.
VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS – GEN. POWER OUTLET

15.75 0.11 0.11
- PT-1: / /
3 3 3 kV; 0,2/10VA, 3P/25VA
15.75 0.11 0.11
- PT-2: / / 3 kV; 0,2/10VA, 3P/25VA
3 3
5. SHORT-CIRCUIT CALCULATION
5.1. REFERRING VALUES

We have not obtained any data for the calculation. We calculate only the values of the
generator.

Grati - Indonesia
6. PROTECTION SETTING CALCULATION

6.1. F1 & F2 – 7UM621
6.1.1. GENERATOR DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION (87G)
PROTECTION ELEMENT DESCRIPTION AND CHARACTERISTIC:

The generator differential protection allows discriminative detection of winding faults, with no
intentional time delay, where a significant fault current arises. The zone of protection is defined by
the location of the CTs.
IDIFF/ING
10
8
F
I-DIFF>>
4
P
2
Add-on stabilization I-DIFF>

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 ISTAB/ING
Picture 6.1 Tripping characteristic (P) of the differential protection with fault char. (F)
PROTECTION ELEMENT SETTING:

The differential current setting should be set to a low setting to protect as much of the machine
winding as possible.
1 1
I diff>>> ,
> 6.1
x d 0,233

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PROTECTION ELEMENT PARAMETERIZATION:
Function setting:
2001 DIFF. PROT. ON
2005 INC.CHAR.START OFF
2006 INRUSH 2.HARM. OFF
2007 RESTR. n.HARM. OFF
2021 I-DIFF> 0.1 I/InO (Trip)
2026A T I-DIFF> 0.00 sec
2031 I-DIFF>> 5.0 I/InO (Trip)
2036A T I-DIFF>> 0.00 sec
2041A SLOPE 1 0.15
2042A BASE POINT 1 0.00
2043A SLOPE 2 0.50
2044A BASE POINT 2 3.00 I/InO
2056A I-ADD ON STAB. 5.00 I/InO
2057A T ADD ON-STAB. 15 Cycle
Setting according to the generator protection standard.
6.1.2. NEGATIVE SEQUENCE OVERCURRENT (46.1, 46.2, 46.3)
PROTECTION ELEMENT DESCRIPTION:

Negative sequence currents protection detects unbalanced loads. The negative sequence
currents associated with unbalanced loads create reverse fields in three-phase induction
machines, which act on the rotor at double frequency. Eddy currents are induced at the rotor
surface, and local overheating of the rotor end zones and the slot wedges begins to take place.
Another effect of unbalanced loads is an overheating of the damper winding.
I 
  8  
9118 
I 2 prot  I 2   NG   7.294[%] 6.2
 I NCT   10000 
where
I2………...........Max. unbalanced load - continuous (8%)
ING………........ Generator rated current (9118[A])
INCT……...........CT primary current (10000[A])
2
I 
2
  0.98  8  
9118 
FactorK  0,98  K prim   NG   6.518[ s] 6.3
 I NCT   10000 
where
KPRI……. ........ Max. unbalanced load - short time i22.t (8s)
ING………........ Generator rated current (9118[A])
INCT……...........CT primary current (10000[A])

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The following operation times and the function characteristic results from the said equation (see at
table):
Table 6.1 Operation times and the function characteristic results

I2/ING [-] I2 1f [ASEC] I2 3f [ASEC] tG [s] tO [s]
0,08 0,219 0,073 1250,000 1221,615
0,10 0,274 0,091 800,000 781,833
0,15 0,410 0,137 355,556 347,481
0,20 0,547 0,182 200,000 195,458
0,25 0,684 0,228 128,000 125,093
0,50 1,368 0,456 32,000 31,273
0,70 1,915 0,638 16,327 2,000
1,00 2,735 0,912 8,000 2,000
1,50 4,103 1,368 3,556 2,000
2,00 5,471 1,824 2,000 2,000
Function setting:
1701 UNBALANCELOAD ON
1702 I2> 7.3 % (Alarm)
1703 T WARN 5.00 sec
1704 FACTOR K 6.5 sec (Trip)
1705 T COOL DOWN 1500 sec
1706 I2>> 55.0 % (Trip)
1707 T I2>> 2.00 sec
6.1.3. OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION – (59.1; 59.2)
This protection function protects generator and other power appliances against non-permissible
raise of voltage and damage of their insulation. The relay measures phase-to-phase voltages.
The first stage will be set to 111% of the generator rated voltage with “long” time delay.
The second stage will be set to 130% of the generator rated voltage with “short” time delay.
U   15750.000 
U >  1.100   NG   1.110     122.100[V ] 6.4
 VTR   143.182 

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U   15750 
U >> 1.300   NG   1.300     142.999[V ] 6.5
 VTR   143.182 
where
UNG ................ Generator rated voltage (15750[V])
VTR ............... VT ratio (15.75/√3[kV] // 0.11/√3[kV] = 143.182)
Function setting:
4101 OVERVOLTAGE ON
4102 U> 122.1 V (Trip)
4103 T U> 10.00 sec
4104 U>> 143.0 V (Trip)
4105 T U>> 0.50 sec
4106A U> DOUT RATIO 0.95
4107A VALUES U> Voltage protection with U-Phase-Phase
6.1.4. UNDERVOLTAGE PROTECTION – (27.1; 27.2)

This protection function comprises the 3-phase undervoltage delayed protection for the generator.
The element evaluates phase-to-phase voltages. Undervoltage protection is not a commonly
specified requirement for generator protection schemes. Mainly, undervoltage elements are used
as interlocking elements for other types of protections.

The undervoltage element is blocked by generator circuit-breaker status.
U   15750.000 
U <  0.80   NG   0.800     88.000[V ] 6.6
 VTR   143.182 
U   15750.000 
U << 0.65   NG   0.650     71.500[V ] 6.7
 VTR   143.182 
where
VTR ............... VT ratio (15.75/√3[kV] // 0.11/√3[kV] = 143.182)

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Function activation:
0140 UNDERVOLTAGE Enabled
Function setting:
4001 UNDERVOLTAGE ON
4002 U< 88.0 V (Alarm)
4003 T U< 2.50 sec
4004 U<< 71.5 V (Trip)
4005 T U<< 10.0 sec
4006A U< DOUT RATIO 1.05
6.1.5. DEFINITE TIME STATOR OVECURRENT (51)

Definite-time overcurrent protection with undervoltage seal-in serves as a backup protection for
thermal overload protection.
The protection will operate and possibly trip also if the current elements drop out during timing of
this function. Protection uses currents from CTs installed in the neutral of the generator.

The overcurrent element is set to 150% of the generator nominal current.
The undervoltage element is set to 70% of the generator rated voltage.
KB  IN 1.50  9118.00
I >  I NCTsek   1.00  1.41[ A] 6.8
0.97  I NCTprim 0.97  10000.00
where
кB ……………. Security coefficient (1.50)
IN ……… ……. Nominal current (9118[A])
INCTprim .........Primary current of CT (10000[A])
INCTsek .........Secondary current of CT (1[A])
DOR ……… Dropout ration (0,97)
KU  U NG 0.7  15750.0
U <  U NVTsek   110.0  77.0[V ] 6.9
U NVTprim 15750.0
where
UNVTprim .........Primary voltage of VT (15750[V])
UNVTsek .........Secondary voltage of VT (110[V])

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Function setting:
1201 O/C I> ON
1202 I> 1.41 A (Trip)
1203 T I> 10.00 sec
1204 U< SEAL-IN ON
1205 U< 77.0 V
1206 T-SEAL-IN 11.00 sec
1207A I> DOUT RATIO 0.97
6.1.6. INSTANTANEOUS STATOR OVERCURRENT (50)

This short circuit protection is set as an instantaneous overcurrent protection, providing protection
against internal faults on the machine as a back-up protection of the differential protections.
Selectivity via Short-Circuit Direction Detection
The direction is detected phase-selectively by means of a cross-polarized voltage. The phase-to-

phase voltage normally perpendicular to the fault current vector is used as unfaulted voltage. This
is considered during the calculation of the direction vector in the clockwise rotating phase
sequence by a +90° rotation, and in the anti-clockwise rotating phase by a -90° rotation. For
phase-to-phase faults, the position of the direction straight line may change in relation to the
collapse of the short-circuit voltage.
The protection element picks-up at the value of secondary current:
1 1
I sek  4.0  I N   4.00  9118.00   3.65[ A] 6.10
CTR 10000.00
where
IN ……… ……. Nominal current (9118[A])
CTR ...... .........CT ratio (10000/1[A]…...10000)
Function setting:
1301 O/C I>> ON
1302 I>> 3.65 A (Trip)
1303 T I>> 0.20 sec

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6.1.7. IMPEDANCE PROTECTION (21.1, 21.2)
Function description
Impedance protection is used as a selective time graded protection to provide shortest possible
tripping times. The protection provides 2 tripping zones with a polygonally shaped trip
characteristics, the first zone can be extended. This function uses CTs situated in the generator
neutral side.
• Relay setting
The Z1B extended zone will not be used.

This function will be blocked by VT MCB trip and Fuse-Failure-Monitor logic (ANSI 60FL).
Generally valid formula for the primary impedance (with limiting to the unit transformer):
2
k R u k U NT
Zp    6.11
100 100 S NT
where
kR………….. zone reach (50 or 110[%])
uK .... ……… relative transformer short-circuit voltage (12[%])
UNT………… machine-side rated transformer voltage (15.75[kV])
SNT ……….. rated transformer power (243[MVA])
Primary impedance converts to the secondary side of current and voltage transformers:
CTR
ZS  Zp 6.12
VTR
where
CTR………….CT ratio (10000/1[A] = 10000)
VTR ............... VT ratio (15.75/√3[kV] // 0.11/√3[kV] = 143.182)
Zone Z1 setting
We choose the zone reach 50% of protected zone and time 0.3[s]
2
k R u k U NT 50.000 12.000 15.750 2
Z p70        0.061[] 6.13
100 100 S NT 100.000 100.000 243.000
CTR 10000.000
Z S70  Zp   0.061  4.260[] 6.14
VTR 143.182
Zone Z2 setting
We choose the zone reach 110% of protected zone and time 1.5[s]
2
k R u k U NT 110.000 12.000 15.750 2
Z p120        0.135[] 6.15
100 100 S NT 100.000 100.000 243.000

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CTR 10000.000
Z S120  Zp   0.135  9.429[] 6.16
VTR 143.182
KU  U NG 0.7  15750.0
U <  U NVTsek   110.0  77.0[V ] 6.17
U NVTprim 15750.0
where
KU ................ Voltage coefficient (0.7[-])
PROTECTION ELEMENT PARAMETERISATION:
Function setting:
3301 IMPEDANCE PROT. ON
3302 IMP I> 1.28 A
3303 U< SEAL-IN ON
3304 U< 77.0 V
3305 T-SEAL-IN 3.00 sec
3312 T END 2.00 sec
3306 ZONE Z1 4.26 Ohm (Trip)
3307 T-Z1 0.30 sec
3310 ZONE Z2 9.43 Ohm (Alarm)
3311 ZONE2 T2 1.50 sec
3313 POWER SWING ON
3314 P/SPOL-TPOL 8 Ohm
3315 dZ/dt 270 Ohm/s
3316 BLOCKING OF Z1
3317A T-ACTION P/S 3.00 sec
Picture 6.2 Graph of impedance protection zones

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6.1.8. INADVERTENT ENERGIZATION PROTECTION (50/27)

The inadvertent energizing protection serves to limit damages by accidental connection of the
standing or already started, but not yet synchronized generator by a fast actuation of the mains
breaker. A connection to a standing machine corresponds to the connection to an inductivity. Due
to the nominal voltage impressed by the power system, the generator starts with a high slip as
asynchronous machine. In this context, impermissibly high currents are induced inside the rotor
which may finally destroy it.
The function will be set according to the relay manufacturer recommendations. The current pickup
threshold value is set to 0.3A of CT (for current transformer – 1A) and the undervoltage element is
set to 50-70% of the generator rated voltage.
The protection function is blocked by Fuse-Failure-Monitor logic.
KU  U NG 0.55  15750.00
U R <  U NVTsek   110.00  60.5[V ] 6.18
U NVTprim 15750.00
where
KU ................ Voltage coefficient (0.55[-])
Function activation:
0171 INADVERT. EN. Enabled
Function setting:
7101 INADVERT. EN. ON
7102 I STAGE 0.3 A (Trip)
7103 RELEASE U1< 60.5 V
7104 PICK UP T U1< 5.00 sec
7105 DROP OUT T U1< 1.00 sec

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6.1.9. REVERSE POWER (32R.1, 32R.2)

Reverse power protection is used to protect a turbo-generator unit in case of failure of energy to
the prime mover. In this case the synchronous generator runs as a motor and drives the turbine,
taking the required motoring energy from the network. This condition leads to overheating of the
turbine blades and must be interrupted within a short time by tripping the generator circuit-
breaker. The evaluation of only the positive phase-sequence systems makes the reverse power
determination independent of current and voltage asymmetries and corresponds to the actual load
of the drive end.

The protection should be set bellow the turboset total loss value to avoid taking the motoring
energy from the grid. According to the manufacturer, the generator total loss is approx. 1.5%.
The optimal setting is 0.75% of nominal active power:
Prev  0.0075  PNG  0.0075  199.0000  1.4925[MW prim ] 6.19
PZG U NG I NG 15750.0000 9118.0000

Prev     100  0.0075    100.0000  0.6839[%] 6.20
100 U NVT I NCT 15750.0000 10000.0000
where
P................. Relay setting
PZG ……….. Rev. power for covering of total mech. losses (generator + turbine)
PNG ............. Generator active power (199[MW])
UNG ............. Generator rated voltage (15750[V])
ING ......... ..... Generator rated current (9118[A])
UNVT ........... VT primary voltage (15750[V])
INCT ............. CT primary current (10000[A])
Note: this setting should be revaluated at site, according to measured turboset losses.
Function setting:
3101 REVERSE POWER ON
3102 P> REVERSE -0.68 % (Trip)
3103 T-SV-OPEN 60.00 sec
3104 T-SV-CLOSED 4.00 sec
3105A T-HOLD 0.00 sec

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6.1.10. ROTOR EARTH FAULT (64R.1, 64R.2)

Rotor earth fault protection is used to detect earth faults in the excitation circuit of the
synchronous machine. One earth fault in the rotor winding does not cause immediate damage;
however, if a second earth fault occurs, then this represents a winding short-circuit of the
excitation circuit. Magnetic unbalances can occur resulting in extreme mechanical forces, which
can lead to the destruction of the machine.
In this case, the rotor earth fault detection is not in scope of supply by SIEMENS Teplice.
Alarm stage and trip stage are via binary inputs from external device.
6.1.11. STATOR OVERLOAD (49.1, 49.2)

Stator overload protection monitors thermal stress of the generator stator winding. Protection uses
currents from CTs installed in the neutral of the generator.
I NG 9118.00
K  FACTOR  K B   1.10   1.00[] 6.21
I NCT 10000.00
where
KB …….………Max. permissible current - continuously
(supp. 1.10 x IN – according to generator manufacturer)
ING ……...........Generator rated current (9118[A])
INCT ……..........CT primary current (10000[A])
The following operation times and the function characteristic results from the said equation (see at
table):
Table 6.2 operation times and the function characteristic results

I/ING IPRIM [A] ISEC [A] tp [s]
1,15 10 486 1,049 86,489
1,20 10 942 1,094 64,929
1,30 11 853 1,185 44,779
1,50 13 677 1,368 27,534
1,75 15 957 1,596 17,958
2,00 18 236 1,824 12,877
3,00 27 354 2,735 5,165

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PROTECTION ELEMENT PARAMETERISATION:
Function setting:
1601 Ther. OVERLOAD ON
1602 K-FACTOR 1.00
1603 TIME CONSTANT 36 sec (Trip)
1604 Θ ALARM 83 % (Alarm)
1610A I ALARM 1.00 A (not used)
1612A Kτ-FACTOR 3.0 (not used)
1615A I MAX THERM. 5.0 A
1616A T EMERGENCY 100 sec (not used)
1607 TEMP. INPUT Disabled
6.1.12. FREQUENCY PROTECTION (81U.1, 81U.2, 81O.1, 81O.2)

An underfrequency condition, at nominal voltage, may result in some overfluxing of a generator
and its associated electrical plant. When not running at nominal frequency, abnormal blade
resonance’s can be set up which, if prolonged, could lead to turbine disc component fractures.
Such effects can be accumulative and so operation at frequencies away from nominal should be
limited as much as possible, to avoid the need for early plant inspections/overhaul.
The protections are blocked are blocked by generator circuit-breaker status and undervoltage
limit.
Note: frequency protection setting should be discussed at site to fit in local rules demands.

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Function setting:
4201 O/U FREQUENCY ON
4203 f1 PICKUP 48.50 Hz (Alarm)
4204 T f1 10.00 sec
4206 f2 PICKUP 47.00 Hz (Trip)
4207 T f2 0.20 sec
4209 f3 PICKUP 51.00 Hz (Alarm)
4210 T f3 10.00 sec
4212 f4 PICKUP 52.50 Hz (Trip)
4213 T f4 10.00 sec
4214 TRESHOLD f4 Freq. prot. stage automatic
4215 Umin 40.0 V
6.1.13. STATOR EARTH FAULT - UO, NON DIRECTIONAL (59N)

When an earth limitation current is exceeded, stator iron is endangered melting in the fault region.
On a healthy three phase power system, the addition of each of the three phase to earth voltages
is nominally zero, as it is the vector addition of three balanced vectors at 120° to one another.
However, when an earth fault occurs on the primary system this balance is upset and a ‘residual’
(displacement) voltage U0 is produced. The voltage U0 is measured at the voltage divider in
secondary winding of the earthing transformer.
The starpoint of generator is grounded via transformer with secondary loading resistor. Once
phase voltages become unsymmetrical and the residual voltage is produced between starpoint
and ground, a current is flowing through the resistor. This current could be measured via toroidal
transformer in generator starpoint.
To prevent an inaccurate trip, the protection element can normally provide earth fault protection
for 90-95% of the generator stator winding (90-95% of the winding from the terminals to the
starpoint).

The protection element is set as the 90% stator earth fault.
Consequently, the secondary zero sequence voltage pick-up value is:
The U0 pick-up value will be set to 10% of U0sec
U 0  0.10  U 0 sec  0.1  120.0  12.0[V ] 6.22
where
U0sec ..............Secondary side voltage for measuring (120[V])
This protection element initiates trip when an earth fault in the machine zone has been present for
a set time 0.5 s  T S/E/F = 0.50 s

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5001 S/E/F PROT. ON

5002 U0> 12.00 V (Trip)
5005 T S/E/F 0.50 sec
6.1.14. 100% STATOR EARTH FAULT – 20HZ (64G)

The 100%/20Hz protection element uses its own injecting voltage with frequency 20Hz. It is
capable to detect any earth fault in the stator winding including the neutral point.

The protection calculates primary value of the fault resistance by evaluating USEF and ISEF.
Transformation ratio between secondary and primary values is determined by:
240.00
VDration
FactorRSEF  NTR 2   37.89 2  120.00  71.78[] 6.23
CTration 200.00
5.00
The element initiates tripping signal once the measured value drops below:
RPRIM = 1000 
Secondary resistance measured by protection:
RPRIM 1000.00 6.24

RSEC    13.93[]  20.00[]
FactorRSEF 71.78
The protection trips in time 0.5 s  T SEF TRIP = 0.50 sec
where
NTR ..............neutral tr. ratio (15.75/√3[kV] // 0.24[kV] = 37.89[-])
RL…………….secondary loading resistor (1.37[Ω])
UF SEC…………max. secondary voltage due to earth fault (240[V])
VDRATIO……….voltage divider (240/120[-])
CTRATIO……….miniature CT (200/5[-])
The current stage is set to approx. 20% of possible secondary current.

Grati - Indonesia
Voltage transformer selection:

0223 VN CONNECTION neutral transformer
0224 VT Ratio Prim./Sec. Neutral VT 75.8
Resistor transformation ratio:
0275 Ratio Prim./Sec. R SGF 71.8
Function setting:
5301 100% Stator-Ground-Fault Protection ON
5302 Pickup Value of Alarm Stage Rsgf< 500 Ohm (not used)
5303 Pickup Value of Tripping Stage Rsgf<< 20 Ohm (Trip)
5304 Time Delay of Alarm Stage Rsgf< oo sec (not used)
5305 Time Delay of Tripping Stage Rsgf<< 0.50 sec
5306 Pickup Value of I SGF>> Stage 0.88 A
5307 Supervision Threshold of 20Hz Voltage 1.0 V
5308 Supervision Threshold of 20Hz Current 10 mA
5309 Correction Angle for I SGF 100% 0 °
5310A Resistance Rps 0.0 Ohm
5311A Parallel Load Resistance oo Ohm
6.1.15. UNDEREXCITATION AND LOSS OF EXCITATION (40.1, 40E)

The loss of excitation protection protects a synchronous generator from asynchronous operation
in the event of a malfunction in the excitation system and from local overheating of the rotor.
Partial or total loss of excitation causes a reactive-power intake from the network to a generator
and the reactance of the system viewed from the machine terminals turns negative. This kind of
"drop of reactance" condition can be detected by measuring the admittance (1/x) of the system.
For the stator circuit criterion, the reciprocal of the impedance (equal the admittance) is calculated
from the positive sequence system of the currents and voltages. By evaluating the positive
sequence system, underexcitation conditions are reliably detected even during asymmetrical
faults within or outside of the machine.
PROTECTION ELEMENT CHARACTERISTICS:

Three characteristics are according to SKODA requirement – the underexcitation 40.1 is modelled
by means of two characteristic (1) and (2), the loss of excitation 40E is modelled by means of the
characteristic (3).

Grati - Indonesia
Function setting:
3001 UNDEREXCIT. ON
3011 T SHRT Uex< 0.10 sec
3012 EXCIT. VOLT. OFF
3002 1/xd CHAR. 1 0.42 (Trip)
3003 ANGLE 1 90°
3004 T CHAR. 1 7.00 sec
3005 1/xd CHAR. 2 0.49 (Trip)
3006 ANGLE 2 78°
3007 T CHAR. 2 7.00 sec
3008 1/xd CHAR. 3 0.76 (Trip)
3009 ANGLE 3 95°
3010 T CHAR 3 0.50 sec
6.1.16. OVEREXCITATION (24.1, 24.2, 24.3)

This protection function measures the Volt / Hertz ratio that is proportional to the induction of the
magnetic field of the generator. The overexcitation is referenced to the generator nominal voltage
(15.75kV) and nominal frequency (50 Hz). The overexcitation is calculated from the maximum
phase-to-phase voltage.
The function is set with respect to the overexcitation characteristic given by the generator
manufacturer.
Function setting:
4301 OVEREXC. PROT. ON
4302 U/f > 1.08 (Alarm)
4303 T U/f > 10.00 sec
4304 U/f >> 1.40 (Trip)
4305 T U/f >> 2.00 sec
4306 t(U/f=1.05) 20000 sec
4307 t(U/f=1.10) 550 sec
4308 t(U/f=1.15) 220 sec
4309 t(U/f=1.20) 100 sec
4310 t(U/f=1.25) 40 sec
4311 t(U/f=1.30) 18 sec
4312 t(U/f=1.35) 7 sec
4313 t(U/f=1.40) 3 sec
4314 T COOL DOWN 1000 sec

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6.1.17. FAULT OF GENERATOR CB (50BF)

The breaker failure protection monitors the reaction of a generator circuit-breaker to a trip signal. If
the generator circuit-breaker has not opened, the trip signal to a higher-level circuit-breaker is
issued. To determine if the generator circuit-breaker has properly opened in response to a trip
signal, the current and circuit breaker auxiliary contact criteria are applied.
The pickup threshold “CIRC. BR. I>” setting of the current criterion refers to all three phases. It set
to approx. 20% ICT (1A).
Function setting:
7001 BREAKER FAILURE ON
7002 TRIP INTERN CFC
7003 CIRC. BR. I> 0.18 A
7004 TRIP-Timer 0.25 sec (Trip)
6.1.18. FUSE FAILURE MONITOR (60FL)
MONITOR ELEMENT DESCRIPTION:

In case of a measuring voltage failure caused by a short circuit or a phase failure in the voltage
transformer secondary system, a zero voltage can be simulated to individual measuring loops.
The measuring results of the undervoltage protection, the overcurrent/undervoltage protection and
other voltage-dependent protective functions may be falsified in this way, which may cause an
unwanted operation.
Function setting:
8001 FUSE FAILURE MONITOR ON (Alarm)
6.1.19. OUT OF STEP PROTECTION (78)

In extensive high-voltage networks, short-circuits which are not disconnected quickly enough, or
disconnection of coupling links which may result in an increasing of the coupling reactance, may
lead to system swings. These consist of power swings which endanger the stability of the power
transmission. Stability problems result in particular from active power swings which can lead to
pole-slipping and thus to overloading of the synchronous machines.
The out-of-step protection detects these power swings by the well-proven impedance
measurement. The trajectory of the complex impedance vector is evaluated. The impedance is


Setting Proteksi Steam Turbin Generator

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Revision: 1 PROTECTION SETTING CALCULATION Page 1 (total 28)

2. SOURCE DATA FOR REPORT

Revision: 1 PROTECTION SETTING CALCULATION Page 2 (total 28)

OTHER PERFORMANCE DATA

Sudden short circuit current at no-load and nom. voltage

4.2. STEP-UP TRANSFORMER

Revision: 1 PROTECTION SETTING CALCULATION Page 3 (total 28)

4.3. CURRENT AND VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS (RATIO)

CORE 1 10000/1A, 5P20/30VA PROTECTION RELAY –F2

Table 4.2 Current transformer – gen. neutral point

CORE 1 10000/1A, 5P20/30VA PROTECTION RELAY –F1

Table 4.3 Grounding point

VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS – GEN. POWER OUTLET

5.1. REFERRING VALUES

Revision: 1 PROTECTION SETTING CALCULATION Page 4 (total 28)

6. PROTECTION SETTING CALCULATION

PROTECTION ELEMENT DESCRIPTION AND CHARACTERISTIC:

Add-on stabilization I-DIFF>

PROTECTION ELEMENT SETTING:

Revision: 1 PROTECTION SETTING CALCULATION Page 5 (total 28)

PROTECTION ELEMENT PARAMETERIZATION:

Setting according to the generator protection standard.

6.1.2. NEGATIVE SEQUENCE OVERCURRENT (46.1, 46.2, 46.3)

PROTECTION ELEMENT DESCRIPTION:

PROTECTION ELEMENT SETTING:

Revision: 1 PROTECTION SETTING CALCULATION Page 6 (total 28)

Table 6.1 Operation times and the function characteristic results

PROTECTION ELEMENT PARAMETERIZATION:

6.1.3. OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION – (59.1; 59.2)

PROTECTION ELEMENT DESCRIPTION:

PROTECTION ELEMENT SETTING:

Revision: 1 PROTECTION SETTING CALCULATION Page 7 (total 28)

PROTECTION ELEMENT PARAMETERIZATION:

6.1.4. UNDERVOLTAGE PROTECTION – (27.1; 27.2)

PROTECTION ELEMENT DESCRIPTION:

PROTECTION ELEMENT SETTING:

Revision: 1 PROTECTION SETTING CALCULATION Page 8 (total 28)

PROTECTION ELEMENT PARAMETERIZATION:

6.1.5. DEFINITE TIME STATOR OVECURRENT (51)

PROTECTION ELEMENT DESCRIPTION:

PROTECTION ELEMENT SETTING:

Revision: 1 PROTECTION SETTING CALCULATION Page 9 (total 28)

PROTECTION ELEMENT PARAMETERIZATION:

6.1.6. INSTANTANEOUS STATOR OVERCURRENT (50)

PROTECTION ELEMENT DESCRIPTION:

Selectivity via Short-Circuit Direction Detection

The direction is detected phase-selectively by means of a cross-polarized voltage. The phase-to-

PROTECTION ELEMENT SETTING:

The protection element picks-up at the value of secondary current:

PROTECTION ELEMENT PARAMETERIZATION:

Revision: 1 PROTECTION SETTING CALCULATION Page 10 (total 28)

6.1.7. IMPEDANCE PROTECTION (21.1, 21.2)

The Z1B extended zone will not be used.

Revision: 1 PROTECTION SETTING CALCULATION Page 11 (total 28)

PROTECTION ELEMENT PARAMETERISATION:

Picture 6.2 Graph of impedance protection zones

Revision: 1 PROTECTION SETTING CALCULATION Page 12 (total 28)

6.1.8. INADVERTENT ENERGIZATION PROTECTION (50/27)

PROTECTION ELEMENT DESCRIPTION:

PROTECTION ELEMENT SETTING:

PROTECTION ELEMENT PARAMETERIZATION:

Revision: 1 PROTECTION SETTING CALCULATION Page 13 (total 28)

6.1.9. REVERSE POWER (32R.1, 32R.2)