Documente Academic
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1
Contents
1. Conventional versus smart electrical energy systems
(in this ppt)
2. Basic concepts in optimisation (in this ppt)
3. Basic concepts and models in electrical energy
dispatch, planning and tariffs
4. Frequency and voltage control (AC power flow)
5. Reliability and security modelling
6. Modelling flexible electrical components
7. Advanced topics in operation and planning:
uncertainty, risk, robustness and algorighms
2
1. Conventional and “smart” electrical
energy systems
3
Electricity system (1/2)
Conventional electricity system (2/2)
Generación
Transmisión
Distribución
5
Smart grids (1/2)
Smart grids (2/2)
Control
Control
7
2. Optimisation fundamentals
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How is optimisation useful for actual
electrical energy systems ? (1)
Minimise:
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How is optimisation useful for actual
electrical energy systems ? (2)
Maximise:
10
Examples
• Optimisation is broadly used in power system control,
operation and planning.
Interesting applications :
• Least-cost electricity operation
• Renewables integration and new technologies
(including energy storage)
• Smart grids
• Investment under uncertainty
• Electricity network security and robustness
• Contracts, markets
• Energy management systems
• Many others….
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Mathematical optimisation
• Mathematical optimisation or mathematical
programming refers to the selection of a best
element (with regard to some criteria) from
some set of available alternatives
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Problem:
Local optimum:
1st O. condition: ( )
f(x,y)
2nd O. condition: Hessian is
Positive-definite
f = (x-4)^2+(y-4)^2
(4,4) is optimum
Intro.mws 13
Newton’s fundamentals
14
Cauchy’s fundamentals
Scalar!
f(x,y)
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Constrained optimization (1)
Min f = (x-4)^2+(y-4)^2
s.t.
x+y <= 5
x,y >= 0
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Constrained optimization (2)
Min f = (x-4)^2+(y-4)^2
s.t.
(4,4) x+y <= 5
x,y >= 0
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Constrained optimization (3)
Min f = (x-4)^2+(y-4)^2
s.t.
x+y <= 5
x,y >= 0
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KKT conditions
Problem:
KKT:
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KKT: equality constraints
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Shadow prices, dual variable or
marginal costs
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