EXODONTIA)INSTRUMENTATION)

CURETTES'–'used'for'severing'the'pericoronal'gingival'fibres'from'the'tooth,'and'can'be'used'to'
gauge'the'depth'of'anaesthesia.'It'is'also'useful'to'curette'any'soft'tissue'in'the'socket'following'
delivery'of'the'tooth.'
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TOOTH'EXTRACTION'FORCEPS'I'used'to'grip'the'tooth'at/or'apical'to'the'CEJ,'to'move'(luxate)'the'
tooth'in'its'socket'aiming'to'expand'the'socket'width'and'periodontal'fibres,'and'to'deliver'the'
tooth.'The'three'main'components'of'forceps'include:'
• Beak'–'are'concave'on'their'inner'aspect'and'shaped'to'fit'around'the'root'of'the'tooth'(at'
the'CEJ)''
• Hinge'–'acts'like'the'shank'of'the'elevator,'as'the'hinge'transfers'and'concentrates'the'
forces'applied'to'the'beaks''
• Handle'–'is'serrated'and'can'be'straight'or'curved'
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Mandibular*Universal*Forceps'–'unlike'the'maxillary'universal'forceps,'the'beak'and'handles'face'
the'same'direction,'creating'and'arch.''
• Mandibular'Incisors''
• Mandibular'Canines'
• Mandibular'Premolars''
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Mandibular*Molar*Forceps*–*these'are'used'for'the'removal'of'the'first'and'second'molars'on'the'
right'and'left'side'of'the'jaw.'They'have'straight'handles'while'the'beaks'are'curved'at'
approximately'a'right'angle.'Both'beaks'have'pointed'ends,'which'fit'into'the'bifurcation'of'the'
roots'buccally'and'lingually.''
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Mandibular*Third*Molar*Forceps'–'have'straight'handles,'and'like'the'molar'forceps,'the'beaks'are'
curved'at'a'right'angle.'The'beaks'are'slightly'longer'due'to'the'posterior'position'of'the'third'molar.'
The'ends'of'the'beak'are'concave'without'a'pointed'design.''
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The  curved  beaks  help  to  accommodate  the  bulbosity  of  the  crown.  The  serrated  handle  allows  a  secure  
grip.  The  handle/beak  angle  at  90  degrees  facilities  adaptation  in  the  mandibular  molar  region.  

Mandibular*Molar*Cowhorn*Forceps'–'the'beaks'have'a'semiIcircular'shape'with'sharply'pointed'
ends'to'that'they'can'fit'into'the'bifurcation'of'the'roots.''
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Maxillary*Universal*Forceps'–'beaks'are'symmetrical,'concave'and'not'pointed.'The'forceps'
have'a'slightly'curved'shape'(“S”'shape).'Beaks'are'found'on'the'same'level'as'the'handles.''
• Maxillary'Incisors'
• Maxillary'Canines''
• Maxillary'Premolars''
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Maxillary*Molar*Forceps*–'there'is'one'for'the'right'and'left'side'of'the'mouth,'and'these'are'
used'for'extraction'of'the'first'and'second'molars.'The'forceps'have'a'slightly'curved'shape,'
and'they'have'asymmetrical'beaks'–'sharply'pointed'buccal'beak'(which'fits'into'the'buccal'
bifurcation'of'the'two'buccal'roots)'and'rounded'palatal'beak.''
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Maxillary*Third*Molar*Forceps'–'are'the'longest'forceps'due'to'the'posterior'position'of'the'
third'molar.'The'beaks'do'not'have'a'pointed'end,'and'can'be'used'for'the'extraction'of'
both'left'and'right'maxillary'third'molars.''
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DENTAL'ELEVATORS'I'for'the'delivery'of'a'complete'tooth,'or'delivery'of'the'roots.'It'is'a'useful'
adjunct'to'Dental'Extraction'Forceps'to'loosen'the'tooth'in'its'socket,'elevate'the'tooth'into'a'
more'favourable'position'for'forceps'delivery,'and'to'create'space'for'better'application'of'
forceps.'The'three'major'components'of'the'elevator'are:'
• Handle''
• Shank'
• Blade''
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Straight*Elevators*–*these'come'in'various'sizes'and'may'be'flat'ended'(chisel)'or'round'ended'
(gouge).'The'mechanism'of'action'is'the'wedge,'and'wheel'&'axle.'It'is'a'Class'1'lever.'These'are'
used'to'luxate'the'teeth.''
• Coupland’s'Patterns'
• LindoILevian'Pattern''

Warwick@James*Elevators'–'these'are'good'for'roots'and'for'some'wisdom'teeth.'This'is'
generally'used'to'luxate'teeth'in'the'maxilla.'Since'the'handle'is'flat,'the'amount'of'force'against'
the'bone'will'decrease'(reducing'the'incidence'of'fracture)''
The blade designs facilitate use as a
• Left,'Right'and'Straight'' wedge or wheel and axle motion. The
o Left'&'Right'–'wheel'and'axle'action' slim, flat and non-serrated handle
o Straight'–'wedge'or'lever'action'' helps to prevent the use of excessive
* force.
 Cryer’s*Elevators'–'these'come'in'pairs'(left'and'right'sided),'and'use'wheel'and'axle'movements'
only.'You'need'a'point'of'application'e.g.'roots,'furcation,'and'the'triangleIshaped'elevator'is'
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most'useful'when'a'broken'root'remains'in'the'tooth'socket'and'the'adjacent'socket'is'empty.'
These'are'occasionally'used'for'upper'third'molars.'
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