Damped Forced Oscillation

Time dependent function

IIT KGP PH11001 Autumn 2019

 Transient and Steady-state solutions

The transient term (Complimentary function) dies away with

time and is the solution to the equation discussed earlier:

mx  rx  kx  0
2
r  r  k
This contributes the term: x = Cept p1, 2 
2m
   
 2m  m

The steady state term (Particular solution) describes the

behaviour of the oscillator after the transient term has
died away
IIT KGP PH11001 Autumn 2019
Transient and Steady-state solutions

IIT KGP PH11001 Autumn 2019

Companion equation:

General equation

IIT KGP PH11001 Autumn 2019

 Try steady state solution (Particular solution)

where

Depending on the
case, one can then get
IIT KGP PH11001 Autumn 2019
Plugging z into the general equation

IIT KGP PH11001 Autumn 2019

Writing the amplitude in a different form

1 Fo /f0m
A
 (o2   2 ) 2
 (2 ) 2
2
It may appear that the max amplitude appears at = o. However, the term
is multiplied by the factor 1/, which increase as  decreases, shifting the
peak to a slightly lower value of o.

This maximum amplitude is the resonance.

We see that the response amplitude at high frequencies approaches zero

In the opposite limit   0,
Fo f/0m Fo
A  A(  0)  
o 2
k

For the phase - 𝜋

At ω=ω0, the phase is
2
IIT KGP PH11001 Autumn 2019
 Amplitude resonance at -   02  2 2

|z0|

IIT KGP PH11001 Autumn 2019

    2
2
0
2 &

For mild damping (β << o),  = o (approximately)

IIT KGP PH11001 Autumn 2019
Observations from Mexico Earthquake 1985

After the earthquake

IIT KGP PH11001 Autumn 2019

Sources: Eng. Struct. 9, 74 (1987); www.iris.edu
Power drawn from the external force

Instantaneous power -

Average power -

Using -

IIT KGP PH11001 Autumn 2019

Power Resonance

FWHM =

=3

Central frequency
=
IIT KGP PH11001 Autumn 2019
FWHM
 Tacoma Narrows Bridge

The Tacoma Narrows Bridge is a mile-long (1600 meter) suspension bridge with a main span
of 850 m (the third-largest in the world when it was first built) that carries Washington State
Route 16 across the
Tacoma Narrows of Puget Sound from Tacoma to Gig Harbor, Washington (collapsed in wind,
1940)

IIT KGP PH11001 Autumn 2019

IIT KGP PH11001 Autumn 2019
IIT KGP PH11001 Autumn 2019
IIT KGP PH11001 Autumn 2019
IIT KGP PH11001 Autumn 2019
IIT KGP PH11001 Autumn 2019
IIT KGP PH11001 Autumn 2019