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Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
1
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
2
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
Copyright Materials
Course Description
Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm Design
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
3
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
Learning Objectives
Rafael Sabelli, SE
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
4
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
Course objectives
• Understand the principles of seismic design of
steel structures.
• Understand the application of those principles to
two common systems:
o Special Moment Frames
o Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames.
• Understand the application of design
requirements for those systems.
Resources
10
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
Other resources
11
Course outline
Part I: Concepts
1. Introduction to effective seismic design
2. Seismic design of moment frames
3. Seismic design of braced frames
4. Seismic design of buildings
12
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
6
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
Course outline
Part II: Application
5.Planning the seismic design
6.Building analysis and diaphragm design
7.Design of the moment frames
8.Design of the braced frames
13
Session 6:
Building analysis and
Diaphragm design
14
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
7
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
Session topics
• Building Analysis • Diaphragm Design
o Lateral analysis o Diaphragm forces
methods o Capacity-design forces
o Load cases o Diaphragm analysis
o Structural model o Collector design
o Design for stability & o Collector-connection
2nd-order analysis design
o Strength-design forces o Diaphragm openings
15
Building Analysis:
Lateral analysis methods
16
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American Institute of Steel Construction
8
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
9
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
19
Load cases
20
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
10
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
Load Cases
• 2 principal axes
o Orthogonal combination not required
• No skewed frames in this example
• No columns shared by orthogonal frames
• Accidental torsion
o Required for non-flexible diaphragms
o 5% offset of mass in either direction
• For simplicity, conservatively neglect torsional
resistance of orthogonal frame (that is, 2D analysis)
ASCE 7 §12.8.4.2
21
Load Cases
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
55% 45%
A A
B B
C C
D D
45% 55%
22
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American Institute of Steel Construction
11
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
Load Cases
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
A A
B B
55%
45%
45%
55%
C C
D D
23
B
25’-0”
55%
55%
C
25’-0”
55%
D
24
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
Base Shear
• From Session 5
o SMF
• V = 0.0818*3313K
= 271K
o BRBF
• V = 0.100*3313K
= 331K
25
Vertical Distribution
k
wx hx
C vx = n
w h
k 1
k=1.0 k=2.0
i i 0.9
i =1
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.4
• T≥2.5s k=2.0
0.3
0.2
0.1
• 0.5s<T<2.5s interpolate 0
ASCE 7 §12.8.3 26
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
Vertical Distribution
k
wx hx
C vx = n
w h
k
i i
i =1 k
Level wi, kips hi, (ft) wihi Cvx Fx, (kips)
• SMF Roof
th
708.4 51.5 83,115 0.373 101
4 868.1 39 72,778 0.327 89
o CuTa =0.918s 3
rd
868.1 26.5 45,617 0.205 55
o k=1.21 2
nd
868.1 14 21,092 0.095 26
Total 3312.9 222,602 1.000 271
ASCE 7 §12.8.3 27
Vertical Distribution
k
wx hx
C vx = n
w h
k
i i
i =1 k
Level wi, kips hi, (ft) wihi Cvx Fx, (kips)
• BRBF Roof
th
708 51.5 59,687 0.362 120
4 868 39.0 53,499 0.325 108
o CuTa =0.100s 3
rd
868 26.5 34,639 0.210 70
o k=1.125 2
nd
868 14.0 16,898 0.103 34
Total 3313 164,723 1.000 331
ASCE 7 §12.8.3 28
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American Institute of Steel Construction
14
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
Structural model
29
Structural Model
• Diaphragms are
o Flexible,
o Rigid, or
o Semi-rigid
• Rigid diaphragms assumed, if
o Concrete deck
o L/d≤3
• 120’/75’=1.6 OK
o No horizontal irregularities
ASCE 7 §12.3.1
30
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
15
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
Structural Model
• Gravity framing (if included in model)
o Design seismic system for 100% of lateral
forces
o Prevent shear in gravity columns in seismic
analysis
• Pin columns top and bottom
o Except SMF
• Pin non-frame beams connecting to SMF columns
• Column size change at floor
31
Moment frames
• RBS connection
o Reduced beam stiffness
• (90% if maximum RBS reduction)
o Prequalification limits on members
• No rigid-end offset
• Mesh columns into 4 segments (for P-δ effects,
dependent on software capability)
o Or use B1 factor
• Use non-composite beam stiffness
• Do not assume fully rigid bases
32
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
16
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
Moment-frames
1 2 3 4 5
Roof column
Upper
4th
Pin all
3rd 0.9E (RBS) gravity &
typical collector
(NIST Guide) beams
column
2nd
Lower
Pin all
gravity
1st 0.35 Ig typical concrete grade beams columns
Moment-frames
Foundation rotational restraint
Foundation rotational
restraint may be
Foundation springs from quantified footing sizing.
geotechnical analysis Grade beam may be
(for short-term loading) reduced or eliminated.
ASCE 7 §12.13.3
34
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
17
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
Braced frames
• Pin all members
• Use increased brace stiffness
o Represents non-prismatic member
o KF =1.4 per manufacturer
• Varies with connection type
• Varies with area
• Varies with length
K~EAsc/Ly = KFEAsc/Lwp
1.2 ≤ KF ≤ 1.8
35
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
Braced frames
A B C D
1.4E
typical
Roof BRBs
Pin braces
column
Upper
4th
Pin beams
Pin all
and columns
3rd gravity &
collector
beams
column
2nd
Lower
Pin all
Pin column
gravity
bases
1st columns
37
38
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
19
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
20
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
21
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
Second-order effects
• Second-order analysis
o Equilibrium in deformed condition
o Analysis must include all gravity load
• Approximate second-order analysis
o Appendix 8
o B1 Beam-columns
o B2 The entire lateral-load-resisting system
• ASCE 7 §12.8.7 requires consideration of
second order effects for forces and
displacements when θ>0.1 (θ~1−1/B2<B2−1)
44
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
22
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
45
P-Delta P
Fi=
Inertial
force
Fpd=
P-Δ force
P
Fi+ FpΔ =
Total force
P-Δ Force in seismic
Lateral force
Fpd system
Displacement
46
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
23
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
Second-order effects
(approximate 2nd-order analysis)
• B2 calculation
o Pstory
• Gravity load acting on story
• Includes gravity load above
• Use consistent dead load with
seismic mass
• Use live load from load
combination
1
= o Vstory
∆
1− • Story shear
ℎ
Largest B2 at base for seismic
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
24
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
50
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
25
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
0.5
= = 0.11
0.9 ∗ 5
o OK
ASCE 7 §12.8.7 51
52
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American Institute of Steel Construction
26
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
53
Analysis forces
54
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American Institute of Steel Construction
27
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
Moment-frames
1 2 3 4 5
Moment frames
• Moment frames likely drift-controlled
o Design for drift
o Check strength after member selection
• Design base shear strength check subject
to maximum period CuTa
• Drift not subject to maximum period
o Design in Session 7 tracks period with iteration
o Required stiffness (and thus period) can be
approximated using spectrum & drift limit
ASCE 7 §12.8.2.1 56
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
28
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
Acceleration (g)
1
Adapted from = =
0.5
Naeim’s 0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Constant Seismic Design Period
acceleration 20.00
Handbook, ( )
aDisplacement (in)
[Eq. 12.8-2]
3.3.7 = = = 15.00
4 4
Spectral
10.00
5.00
0.00
Seismic Response Coefficient, Cs
57
Moment frames
• Design base shear based on maximum
period CuTa =0.92 sec
• Drift-determined period =1.4 sec
o Corresponds to 2.1Ta
• Recommendation for SMF
o For first iteration use either
• Drift-determined period
• 2.0 Ta
o Use calculated period for subsequent iteration
58
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
29
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
Braced frames
A B C D
Roof
Level Story Fx, 0.55Fx, Frame Vx,
(kips) (kips) (kips)
4th
Roof 120 66 66
th
4 108 59 125
3rd rd
3 70 38 164
nd
2 34 19 182
2nd
Does not include ρ=1.3
Does not include B2
1st
Braced-frame forces
B C
Roof
Level Frame B2 ρ Frame Frame
Fx, ρB2Fx, ρB2Vx,
4th
(kips) (kips) (kips)
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
30
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
Braced-frame forces
B C
Assume braces resist
100% of story shear
F
Roof
Level Brace Force
4th ρB2Px, (kips)
θ
3rd th
62
4
rd
3 118
2nd nd
2 154
1
st
183 =
2 cos
1st
61
Diaphragm Design
62
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American Institute of Steel Construction
31
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
Diaphragm design
• Typically done after design of frames
o Requires consideration of transfer forces
between frames
• 3D building analysis
• Indeterminate analysis using designed member
stiffness
o Forces may be limited by yielding elements
• This example
o Done now to allow full sessions for each system
63
Diaphragm Forces
n
F
i=x
i
Fpx = n
w px 0.2 ≥ Fpx ≥ 0.4
w
i=x
i
ASCE 7 §12.10.1 64
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
32
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
Diaphragm analysis
65
Diaphragm analysis
• Determine diaphragm shear
• Determine collector forces
o Apply Ωo factor per ASCE 7 §12.10.2
• Determine chord forces
o Diaphragm equivalent-beam moments
o Divide by depth
• B2 applies to entire lateral analysis
o Incorporated in member-design forces
66
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American Institute of Steel Construction
33
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
71K/120’=590PLF
A
71K
142K
C
71K
D
71K/110’=644PLF
142K
C
71K
D
12K 24K 24K 12K
Ωo= 3.0 for SMF
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
34
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
A
71K
1180’K/120’=10K 1180’K
B
1330’K=11K 1330’K
142K
1180’K/120’=10K 1180’K
C
71K
D
A
71K/75’=950PLF
71K/60’=1180PLF
142K
B
71K 71K
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
35
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
Ωo25K=60K Ωo30K=75K
37.5’
62%
B 24K 30K
142K
44K
27K
36K
22.5’
38%
C 13K
24K Ωo13K=33K
Ωo25K=60K
D
B
142K
D
2550’K/75’=21K 2550’K/75’=21K
2130’K/75’=28K
71K 71K
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
36
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
Chord/collector forces
1 2 3 4 5
54K
A
60K 75K
B
C
60K 33K
D
39K
Capacity-design forces
74
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American Institute of Steel Construction
37
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
Capacity-design forces
• Per ASCE 7 §12.4.3 the overstrength
seismic load, Ωo Eh, need never be taken
as greater than the capacity-limited
seismic load effect, (Ecl in ASCE 7 2016)
• Capacity design can only happen after
frames designed
• In this example we will show capacity-
design forces prior to showing frame
design
75
Brace sizes
A B C D
25’-0” 25’-0” 25’-0”
Roof
12’-6” 12’-6” 12’-6”
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
38
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
Diaphragm design
78
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
39
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
Deck selection
• Maximum shear
o 1.18KLF
o B2*1.18KLF = 1.20KLF
• Design composite deck
o Reinforced concrete section
o Consider only topping above steel deck
• 3.25” light weight concrete topping
• #3 A614 Gr. 60 bars @12” each way
79
Deck selection
• Design composite deck
o vc = 2λd √f’c
= (2)0.75(3.25”)(4000)½ (12”/ft)
= 3700 plf
o vs = As fy
= 0.11in2/ft * 60 ksi
= 6600 plf
o φ Vn = φ (vc + vs)
= 0.75*(3700plf+6600plf)
= 7725 plf > 1200 plf
ACI 318 §11.2 80
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
40
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
Shear transfer
• Design for Ωo & B2
o SMF
• 1.02*3*0.644KLF = 1.97KLF
o BRBF
• 2.5*1.20KLF=3.00KLF
• Provide ¾”x4” studs @ 24” on collectors
l s ,req'd = 2 in + 1.5 in = 3.5 in < 4 in
Shear transfer
• Stud strength:
Qn = 0.5 Asc f 'c Ec
o Rg = 1.0 for one row with
deck perpendicular (worst Qn ≤ Rg R p Asc Fu
π 3
case) ( )
2
Asc = in = 0.44in 2
4 4
o Rp = 0.6 for one row with f c ' = 4000 psi
deck perpendicular (worst
Ec = wc1.5 f 'c
case)
Ec = (115 pcf )1.5 4ksi
o Fu = 65 ksi
Ec = 2466ksi
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
41
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
Shear transfer
• Stud strength:
Qn = 0.5 × 0.44 in 2 4 ksi × 2466 ksi = 21.85 k
Qn ≤ 1.0 × 0.6 × 0.44 in 2 × 65 ksi = 17.2 k Typically governs
Qn = 17.2 k
φ Qn = 0.65 ×17.2 k = 11.2k
• Spaced @ 24”
o 5.6 KLF>3.0KLF
Collector design
84
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
42
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
Collector design
• Combined flexure and axial
o Compression governs over tension for
collector member
• Include P-δ (in the form of B1)
• Perform Chapter H interaction
• Tension may govern for collector
connection
o Compression path through deck typically
neglected
85
Collector design
• Flexure • Compression
o Composite strength o Flexural buckling
o Continuously braced • Major axis
for LTB • Minor axis braced by
composite deck
o Torsional or flexural-
torsional buckling
• Twisting about
restrained top flange
86
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
43
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
Collector design
1 2 3 4 5
54K
A
Pecl = 81K
60K 75K
B
C
60K 33K
D
39K
Capacity design: Pecl = 75K*BRB_Capacity/ΩoVframe =75K*179K/(2.5*66K)= 81K
87
Collector forces
A B C D
Pecl = ΩoE = Design both
81K 75K connections
Roof
for 81K
BRB 2.00 BRB 2.00
4th
3rd
2nd
1st
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
44
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
Collector Loads
• Mu = 1.4D + 0.5L+ Ecl combo CLLC-1
o Mu = 1.4(98.7’K) + 0.5(0’K)+ 0’k = 138’K
• Pu = 1.4D + 0.5L+ Ecl combo CLLC-1
o Pu = 1.4(0K) + 0.5(0K) + 81K = 81K
• Vu = 1.4D + 0.5L+ Ecl combo CLLC-1
o Vu = 1.4(9.4K) + 0.5(0K) + 0K = 13.1K
o Beam shear design not presented
• Use W18x50 (per Seismic Design Manual)
89
90
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
45
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
Collector design
• Use W18x50 (from Seismic Design
Manual Example 8.4.1)
o Member properties (units per Manual)
W18x50
A d tw bf tf k1 bf/2tf h/tw
14.7 18.0 0.355 7.50 0.570 13/16 6.57 45.2
Ix Zx Sx rx
h/tw >1.49 = 35.9
800 101 88.9 7.38
Iy Zy Sy ry Web is not J Cw
40.1 16.6 10.7 1.65 compact 1.24 3040
91
Collector design
• Compressive Strength
o Major axis
• (KL)x = 25’-0”
o Minor axis
• (KL)y = 0’-0”
o Constrained-axis flexural-torsional buckling
• (KL)CAFT = 12’-6”
92
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
46
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
Collector design
• Compressive Strength
o Major axis buckling
• KL/rx = 300”/7.38” = 40.7
• From Table 4-22: KL/r=41: φFcr = 39.8ksi
o φFcr A= 39.8ksi (14.7in2)= 585K
93
Collector design
• Compressive Strength
o CAFT buckling
• = 0.9 +
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
47
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
Collector design
Pu / φPn = 81K/386K=0.21
Collector Design
• Required flexural strength
o P-δ amplification
• = = 2540K
• = = = 1.03
• Mu = 138’K*1.03=142’K
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
48
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
Collector Design
• Flexural strength
o AISC Manual Table 3-19
• Y2=3.5in
• Use ΣQn=184K
o 184K/11.2K/stud =16.4 studs
(each side of midpoint)
o 32.8 studs
• Collector studs
o 81K/11.2K/stud =7.2 studs
o Not additive to flexure studs
o φMn = 516 kip-ft
97
Y2
98
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
49
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
Collector design
• Try non-composite flexural strength
o Manual Table 3-2
o φMn = 379 kip-ft
99
Collector connections
100
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
50
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
Collector connection
BRBF Column
• Single-plate Vu
connection
o (4)⅞” Ø A325N bolts Nu
• 3” spacing
• 1.5” edge distance top
& bottom
• 2.5” side edge
distance
o ⅜” A36 plate
• ¼” double-sided fillets
101
Required strength
• Vu = 13K Vu
Nu
• Nu = 81K
• = +
o= 13 + 81 = 82
• = tan =9
102
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
51
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
Collector connection
• Alternative
approaches
o Evaluate as a load at
9
• This approach shown in
SDM
o Evaluate shear and
tension separately
• Shear strength
• SRSS interaction o From Table 10-10a
• This approach taken • φVn = 78.3K
here
103
13
= = 0.176
∅ 78.3
+ ≤1 ≤ 1− = 0.98
∅ ∅ ∅ ∅
∅ ≥ ∅ ≥ 81 0.98 = 82
0.98
104
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
52
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
Collector connection
• Tension strength
o Bolt (AISC 360 §J3)
• Shear
• Bearing
• Tearout
o Plate (AISC 360 §J4) o Beam block shear,
• Yield bearing, tearout
• Rupture • tw(65ksi/58ksi)=
o 0.355”(65/58)=0.39”>⅜”
• Block shear
• tw(50ksi/36ksi)=
o Weld (AISC 360 §J2) o 0.355”(50/36)=0.49” ”>⅜”
• Exceeds plate strength • Plate governs
105
Collector connection
• Plate limit states o Block shear φRn≤
o Yield: φFyA • φ(0.6FuAnv + UBSFuAnt)
o 0.75(⅜”)(0.6*58ksi*2*2”+
• = 0.9(36ksi)(⅜”)(12”) 1.0*58ksi*6”)= 137K
• = 146K • φ(0.6FyAgv + UBSFuAnt)
o Rupture: φFuAe = FuAn o 0.75(⅜”)(0.6*50ksi*2*2.5”
• = 0.75(58ksi)(⅜”)(12”-4”) +1.0*58ksi*6”)= 140K
• = 130K
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
Collector connection
• Bolt limit states • Governing strength:
o Shear: Table 7-1 o φRn =97.2K
• 4*24.3K = 97.2K o Ru /φRn
o Bearing (spacing) =81K/97K=0.84
• Table 7-4
• 4(⅜”)91.4K/in = 137K
o Bearing (edge distance)
• Table 7-5
• 4(⅜”) 79.9/in = 120K
Diaphragm openings
108
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
54
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
Diaphragm openings
• Local shears
• Local collector forces
• Local chord forces
109
71K/120’=590PLF
A
71K
B 195PLF
142K
22.5’
60%
195PLF 354PLF
C
37.5’
386PLF
71K
D
71K/110’=644PLF
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
55
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
789PLF(75’/60’)=986PLF
71K/75’=95PLF
71K(50’/60’)/75’=789PLF
71K/60’=1180PLF
142K
B
71K 71K
C
789PLF 986LF
Collector connection: x25’=19.7K x10’=9.9K
Design for B2ΩoEh
= 1.02*2.5*(19.7K−9.9K) 789PLF
=25.0K x15’=11.8K
D
Does not include B2
112
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
56
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
=11.3K 1180PLF
113
Summary
114
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
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AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
Summary
• Simple design • Diaphragm forces
methods presented generated
• Methods of • Roof diaphragm
accounting for analyzed
second-order effects • Deck designed
presented • Example collector
• Forces generated for designed
design of SMF & • Example collector
BRBF connection designed
115
End of session 6
Next:
Design of the
Moment frames
116
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American Institute of Steel Construction
58
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
Additional resources
117
Question time
118
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
59
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
60
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
61
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
62
AISC Night School Seismic Design in Steel
March 26, 2018 Session 6: Building Analysis and Diaphragm
Design
Copyright © 2018
American Institute of Steel Construction
63