Higgs Boson Production and Decay in a Littlest

Higgs Model with T-parity

Kazuhiro Tobe
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA

Abstract. We study Higgs boson production and decay in a certain class of Little Higgs models
with T-parity where T-parity fermionic partners of the Standard Model (SM) fermions gain their
mass through Yukawa-type interactions. We find that the Higgs boson production cross section at
the CERN LHC via gluon-gluon fusion process could be significantly reduced, as compared to its
SM prediction, for a relatively low new particle scale. On the other hand, the Higgs boson production
cross section via weak boson fusion process is very close to the SM value. Furthermore, the Higgs
boson decay branching ratio into 77-mode could be largely enhanced in small Higgs boson mass
region in a certain case because the total decay width of Higgs boson in the Little Higgs model is
smaller than that in the SM.
Keywords: Higgs boson, Little Higgs model
PACS: 10.60.-i, 14.80.Cp

Little Higgs mechanism (collective symmetry breaking mechanism) [2] provides one
of interesting ways to solve the naturalness problem in the standard model (SM). The
Little Higgs models with T-parity [3] are more attractive because they can also avoid
strong constraints from the electroweak precision measurements by symmetry, i.e., T-
parity, and hence the new particle scale / can be lower than 1 TeV. To cancel the large
radiative corrections to the Higgs mass parameter induced by top quark and gauge
bosons, the Little Higgs models predict the existence of their heavy partners. Since
these heavy partners have interactions with Higgs boson for the cancellation of the large
radiative corrections, they can affect Higgs production and decay processes [4].
In this talk, we point out that in a certain class of Littlest Higgs models [5] with T-
parity [6, 7, 8], T-odd partners of the SM fermions have Yukawa-type Higgs interactions
to generate their heavy mass terms, and hence they can significantly contribute to
Higgs production via gluon-gluon (gg) fusion process. We also discuss the other Higgs
production processes and Higgs boson decay in the Littlest Higgs model with T-parity.
We consider a littlest Higgs model with T-parity discussed in Refs. [6, 7, 8]. This
model is based on SU(5)/SO(5) non-linear sigma model. A subgroup [SU(2) x U(l)]2
of the SU(5) is gauged, and at the scale / , it is broken into the SM electroweak
symmetry. T-parity is easily implemented in bosonic sector if gauge couplings of both
sets of [SU(2) x £7(1)] are equal. In order to have T-parity in fermionic sector, one has
to introduce two SU(2) doublets, so that one T-even combination of the two doublets
is the SM fermion doublet and another combination is T-odd partner of the SM one. To
generate the heavy mass terms for the T-odd SU(2) fermion doublet partners, the T-odd

This talk is based on work in collaboration with Chuan-Ren Chen and C.-R Yuan in Ref [1].

CP903, SUSY06, 14th International Conference, edited by J. L. Feng

© 2007 American Institute of Physics 978-0-7354-0410-6/07/S23.00
475
 (a) (b)

FIGURE 1. Contributions to Higgs boson production via gg fusion process, induced by (a) top-quark
and T-even partner T , and (b) T-odd fermions.

partners have Yukawa-type interactions, and hence they can contribute to Higgs boson
production via gg fusion process shown in Fig. 1. In Fig. 1, / and T denote the SM
top quark and its T-even partner, respectively, and uc, %c, uc and uL_ represent T-odd
fermionic partners of the SM fermion doublet.
In Fig. 2, we show our numerical result for the correction generated by the heavy
particles to the Higgs boson production cross section via gg fusion process, as a function
of Higgs boson mass m^. As can be seen, the effect of the T-odd fermions can be as large
as one of the heavy T-even top quark and as a result, the total effect can reduce the cross
section by about 45%, 35% and 20% for / = 600, 700 and 1000 GeV, respectively in
relatively light Higgs mass region. We note that the suppression depends on the scale / ,
but it does not strongly depend on other parameters in the model.
We also calculate Higgs boson decay width and branching ratios shown in Fig. 3. We
have considered two possible cases for the down-type quark Yukawa couplings (denoted
as Case A and Case B studied in Ref[l]). Since the bottom and tau Yukawa couplings

0
2
r
ITeV
.
foe -0.1
(0 i- lTeV^^^__^^^__
t -0.2 r 700 GeV
oc
. <*> ~~~\
(0 600 GeV
-0.3 r
700 GeV ^ ^ ^ ^
T t +T rid f '
-0.4 r T-even top sector ^^^,
f = 600 GeV

-0.5
)0 200 300 400 5(
mh[GeV]
FIGURE 2. Deviations (So,'gg-^h — at^h — "isr^*) of the Higgs production cross section via gg fusion
process in the Littlest Higgs model with T-parity (o}^h) from that in the SM (o^\h), normalized by
oSM^h, as a function of Higgs boson mass ntf,.

476
 1 r-

& 0.9;
£? r
0.8 :

0.7
100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500
m h [GeV] m h [GeV]
(a) (b)

FIGURE 3. (a) A ratio of the total Higgs decay width in the Littlest Higgs model with T-parity T^ H to
one in the SM r | M for / = 700 GeV in Case A and B. (b) Ratios of the Higgs decay branching ratios in
the Littlest Higgs model BR LH to those in the SM BR SM for / = 700 GeV in Case B.

can be reduced for relatively small / in Case B, the total Higgs decay width can be
significantly suppressed in the small Higgs mass region where the main Higgs decay
modes are bb and TT, as shown in Fig. 3(a). Consequently the Higgs decay branching
ratios of the yy and VV (V = W,Z) modes are largely enhanced in the small Higgs mass
region in Case B. On the other hand, in Case A, all Higgs couplings are suppressed, but
close to those in the SM, and hence the Higgs boson decay branching ratios are similar
to those predicted by the SM.
Finally, in Table 1, we list the Higgs boson cross section times Higgs boson decay
branching ratio, normalized by the SM value, for various production and decay channels
in cases for mh = 120 GeV and 200 GeV.
In the SM, the yy decay mode of Higgs boson produced via gg fusion process is
one of important discovery channels for a light Higgs boson with mass around 100
GeV. However, in the Littlest Higgs model with T-parity, this mode would be strongly
suppressed because Higgs production via gg fusion would be largely suppressed. The
similar conclusion also holds for the h —>• VV (V = W,Z) mode produced via gg fusion
process. On the other hand, yy and VV decay modes of Higgs boson produced via
weak boson fusion process will be very different from those via gg fusion process since
Higgs production via the weak boson fusion process is not largely suppressed. The yy
decay mode of Higgs boson produced via the weak boson fusion is very similar to the
SM in Case A, however, it could be significantly enhanced in Case B because of the
enhancement of the yy decay branching ratio.
When Higgs boson mass is relatively heavy (/w/, > 160 GeV), the Higgs decay mode
to gauge bosons (h —> VV, V = W,Z) becomes important. In both Case A and Case
B, the branching ratio for h —>• VV, V = W,Z is almost the same as the SM prediction,
and the VV decay mode via the gg fusion process could be strongly suppressed because
of the suppression of the gg fusion process, however the VV decay mode via the weak
boson fusion process is not largely suppressed. Therefore, typically the discovery modes
of Higgs boson produced via the weak boson fusion process will become more important
in the Littlest model with T-parity than in the SM.
Searching for Higgs boson in various detection modes at the LHC is very important,

477
 TABLE 1. Ra x RBR for / = (600, 700, 1000) GeV. Here Ra(x) (= o$/of$) is defined as
a ratio of the Higgs boson production cross section in the little Higgs model (ojS) to one in
the SM (Op^f) for each Higgs boson production process X. The subscripts gg, VV, tth, and
Vh represent gg fusion (gg —> h), weak boson fusion (VV —> h where V = W,Z), tth and Vh
associated productions, respectively. RBR(F) ] BRJ-^ / B R ^ for each Higgs decay mode h -> 7,
> ) ' V)
where 7 = 77, TT. bb and KK.
»% = 120 GeV RBR(YY) RBR(TT) •^BR(AA) -^BR(FF)

-Ka(gg) (Case A) 0.57, 0.68, 0.84 0.56, 0.67, 0.83 0.55,0.66,0.83

(Case B) 0.81, 0.86, 0.93 0.51,0.63,0.81 _ 0.78, 0.84, 0.92
^CT(I^) (Case A) 0.97, 0.98, 0.99 0.95, 0.96, 0.98 0.94, 0.96, 0.98
(Case B) 1.34, 1.22, 1.09 0.84, 0.89, 0.95 _ 1.30, 1.19,1.08
Ro(tTh) (Case A) — 0.87, 0.90, 0.95 0.87, 0.90, 0.95 —
(Case B) 0.77, 0.83, 0.92 0.77, 0.83, 0.92
R
a(Vh) (Case A) 0.97, 0.98, 0.99 - 0.95, 0.96, 0.98 -
(Case B) 1.34, 1.22, 1.09 0.84, 0.89, 0.95

mh = 200 GeV BR(77) "tBR(TT) x

BR(bb)
X
BS.(W)

Ra(gg) (Case A) — — — 0.55,0.67,0.83

(Case B) 0.56, 0.67, 0.83
Ra(w) (Case A) - - - 0.90, 0.94, 0.97
(Case B) 0.90, 0.94, 0.97

and the measurement of the relative event rates in multi-channels could reveal the
mechanism which provides the cancellation of the large quadratic divergence of the
Higgs mass parameter.
I would like to thank the organizers of SUSY 2006 for this wonderful conference and
also thank Chuan-Ren Chen and C.-P. Yuan for the collaboration.

REFERENCES
Reprinted iromPhys. Lett. B 60, Volume 640, Chuan-Ren Chen, Kazuhiro To be and C.-P. Yuan, "Higgs
boson production and decay in little Higgs models with T-parity," pages 263-271, Copyright (2006),
with permission from Elsevier.
N. Arkani-Hamed, A. G. Cohen and H. Georgi, Phys. Lett. B 513,232 (2001) [arXiv:hep-ph/0105239].
For reviews, see, for example, M. Schmaltz and D. Tucker-Smith, Ami. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 55, 229
(2005) [arXiv:hep-ph/0502182]; M. Perelstein, arXiv:hep-ph/0512128; and references therein.
H. C. Cheng and I. Low, JHEP 0309, 051 (2003) [arXiv:hep-ph/0308199]; H. C. Cheng and I. Low,
JHEP 0408, 061 (2004) [arXiv:hep-ph/0405243];
T. Han, H. E. Logan, B. McElrath and L. T. Wang, Phys. Lett. B 563, 191 (2003) [Erratum-ibid.B 603,
257 (2004)] [arXiv:hep-ph/0302188].
N. Arkani-Hamed, A. G. Cohen, E. Katz and A. E. Nelson, JHEP 0207, 034 (2002) [arXiv:hep-
ph/0206021].
I. Low, JHEP 0410, 067 (2004) [arXiv:hep-ph/0409025].
J. Hubisz and P. Meade, Phys. Rev. D 71, 035016 (2005) [arXiv:hep-ph/0411264].
J. Hubisz, P. Meade, A. Noble and M. Perelstein, JHEP 0601, 135 (2006) [arXiv:hep-ph/0506042].

478