Bicycle Powered Mobile Charger

Bicycle Powered Mobile Charger - 2018
CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
1.1 Introduction
In this modern world where the advancement in technology is at its peak

and the impact of these technology over the human health is also point of concern.
Mobile phones play a significant role in the life of the people, much as they do in
their lifestyles. People use these phones to connect across vast distances that
would otherwise be expensive and timely to traverse when using mails. Aside from
voice calls, cell phones provide entertainment consisting of videos and games on
their small screens. And during travel, whether it is walking or on a bus, people of
all ages love to listen to the latest music available on their phone. Phones are
easily more important than many other possessions in cities because of the wide
range of purposes they serve.
Also, with the increasing demand for energy, man has left no stone unturned
in his search for the same. Many methods of extracting energy have been
experimented with and the best is done to develop them. There are so many
possible energy sources available for doing that. Such as: solar, wind, water, static,
mechanical etc. These types of energy sources are not suitable for all situations.
Some has distinctive advantages over others and some has disadvantages also.
At present, scientists and manufacturers are still trying to improve and meet our
ongoing energy demands for portable electronic devices. Of all the thus
experimented methods of extraction, generation of electrical energy from
mechanical energy proved to be the most efficient. It’s the easiest way to generate
power. For mechanical part gear, pulley, lever system etc. can be used.
The deliverable of this project is to create a charger that can charge up an

electronic device when plugged in using only human power. This charger can also
be added onto an existing bicycle and may fit on any bicycle. While pedaling, the
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user will generate energy which will be converted to electrical energy. This energy
may be stored for later use or used right away when an electronic device is plugged
into the charger. This reduces the use of using a power outlet to charge an
electronic device, where the electricity comes from a power grid. This power grid
may get its energy from emission producing sources, such as coal or oil, which is
undesirable.
In the United States [1], vehicles are the second largest contributor to carbon
emissions at 27%. Most modern internal combustion engines are equipped with a
catalytic converter which substantially decreases the emissions of these
compounds. The flaw with these devices, however, is that they do not operate
efficiently if they are cold. It can take up to ten miles of driving for the catalytic
converter to reach steady state conditions. Statistics show that approximately half
of all the fuel used in the United States is used for trips less than ten miles.
Furthermore, most of these short trips occur during commutes in large cities, where
emission reductions are even more critical. For example [2], 70-90% of all
hydrocarbon emissions in the U.S. stem from these trips alone. Hence, those
individuals who regularly use a bicycle for transportation are significantly
contributing to reductions in the human footprint.
Not only here in the Philippines but also the world, more and more people
can now realize the effect of global warming and greenhouse effect caused by
many pollutions which are mainly came from humans.
This project encourages people to use their bodies or bicycles more often
while generating their own electricity, which helps the environment. While this
project may not increase the popularity of the exercising or bicycle by a major
amount, it will make people aware that there is an option for human power to create
2
1 Wollums, C., Burke, I., Coddington, K., Godby, R., Minier, A., & Reavey, R. (2016, April 4). A Conversation on the Clean
Power Plan’s Impact in Wyoming: Understanding the Challenges and Opportunities. Panel presented at University of
Wyoming, School of Energy Resources Panel Presentation in Wyoming Union Family Room, Laramie, WY.
2 Pulkrabek, 2004
electricity. This will increase the usage of the moving muscles or bicycle,
and every little bit helps when helping the environment.
1.2 Theoretical Framework
This project has many good ideas; however, some requirements needs to
be defined to design the project well. The requirements will reflect on the goals
stated in the previous section and adjust the project accordingly, so both the
designer and user are satisfied with the project. Also, there are limiting factors,
such as cost, time, and safety that may hinder the project.
One major requirement that this project must meet is that the device must
be attached in a way that does not hinder the cyclists’ ability to ride the bicycle.
Adding the device to the gears will produce some resistance, making a cyclists’
commute longer. Therefore, this device should not make a cyclists’ regular
commute longer. This means that if a regular commute on a bicycle takes an hour
to complete, the attached device on the bicycle should not make the user later than
10 minutes. This is reasonable, as 10 minutes later for an hour commute is not
that big of a difference. This is also reasonable since people who commute to work
would probably not want to spend more than one hour getting to work. If the
commute was any longer than an hour on a bicycle, then the person would
probably use a car.
Also, the device must be easy to attach and detach. If it is hard to attach
and detach by will, then no one would want to use it. The outlet attaching near the
handlebar shouldn’t be a problem. The outlet needs to stay on the handlebar for
easy access and this can be done in many various ways. The outlet could be
strapped on with Velcro or clipped on. There is a small space available to add
something more to the gears. If the device is too thick at the gear, it may not allow
the gears to move easily, or it may damage the device or the bicycle. As mentioned
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before, someone would want to take it on and off because of the stored energy
used elsewhere.
That is why we shall make the device be attached to either the front wheel
or the back wheel for it will be a matter of using a longer cord. And it should be
waterproofed so even if it rains or the bicycle is riding at a wet road, it would not
make the device short circuit or blow up. The generator is attached where it will
make contacts with the wheel, so that it will generate the power needed through
the spinning of the wheel to the generator like how mechanical things mostly
operates. The generator should not be too big, or it can’t be attached or too small
because it won’t have much use in generating to be used in charging the cell
phone.
This project also considers that instead of a generator, we could also switch
it to a wind turbine. But it will use a built-in charger. And the cost would be much
higher cause if there’s not spare battery, it will need to be bought. And, the wind
turbine use would cost as much as the generator. So, the researcher stuck to the
idea of using the dynamo for we need it to reduce the cost so that people can apply
and build this device to be attached to their own bicycles. Since it is decided to use
a dynamo as the main source for power, the project now needs some components
to make it possible to charge a mobile phone while we ride the bike.
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1.3 Conceptual Framework
Generator
(Attached near the Rectifier Capacitor
Wheel)
Mobile Unit Regulator
Fig. 1 Block Diagram of the Researcher’s Mobile Charger
In Fig. 1, it is shown that it is like some of the already known Mechanical

chargers attached to a bicycle. The generator that is attached near the wheel so
that we could get the power from the spinning of the wheel into the generator. Next,
our rectifier will then direct the current to the capacitor which will store the electric
charge if it is not used. Then through the regulator will then process it to the desired
range to be used on the mobile phone. We needed that so that the phone would
not accidentally short circuit or blow up.
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Fig. 2 Conceptual Project Design
Fig 2 shows the researcher’s Conceptual Project Design. Where we put

the generator (blue color) just enough to contact the wheel so that it will get the
necessary energy that will go to the circuit board (the green color), so that it will
be converted for the energy required for the cellphone (red color).
1.4 Research Paradigm
1.4.1 Existing System
From the
Electric current is Electric energy is
generator, current
generated from then used and Cellphone is
is directed to the
the wheel to the goes to the Charging
capacitor and
generator regulator
stored
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
Fig. 3 Existing System
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Fig. 3 shows the process of an existing system commonly used by the

bicycle powered charger where the electric current is made from the generator
attached near the wheel, so it could spin and then to the capacitor where it will be
stored for further use. And lastly, when it is used, it will go to the regulator and then
to the cellphone unit to be charged.
1.4.2 Proposed System
Electric energy is
From the
then used and
generator, current
Electric current is goes to the
is directed to the
generated from the regulator for Cellphone is
wheel to the capacitor and
charging or for Charging
generator stored. Through a
head/tail lights
switch, it could be
attached in the
turned off and on.
circuit.
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
Fig. 4 Proposed System
In Fig 4, it shows the process of the proposed system where from the
generator, it will be added by a switch which can be controlled on and off.
Afterwards, a head or tail light will be added to the circuit board which will maximize
the use of the gathered energy if the phone is not charging anymore.
In both figures showed previously, this project is adding new functions in

the process of the device from the existing systems which are adding switch for
turning it on and off at will and, indicating that the device is being used for charging
so that the user would know if the device is working properly.
1.5 Statement of the Problem
Cellphone units are indispensable in today’s world because its handiness

and ease of use where you could just find what you want to read, see, watch, listen,
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talk, message, play, and many more things. Because of this, many people don’t
know that continuous usage of cellphones may affect our health especially the
eyes because cellphones have radiations on their screens.
In the Philippines, there are only a minority of indigenous people who don’t
use cellphones and most people in different parts of the country use it now, even
as far as the provinces even though the reception is kind of bad. However, the
extent of it affecting their health is vastly different from urban areas which makes
them use cellphones for very little things. It won’t even leave the hands of some.
Although new cellphones come with its own charger, or you could buy a
charger to stores, it has some defects and if calamities or there’s no electricity
outlet near you, it is still useless copper wires with electric resistant covers.
In this light, this device solves the following problems:
a.) How to help the environment but also charge a cellphone without the need
of an electric outlet like the ones with fixed positions in houses, etc. but with
portable ones which you can always bring with you?
b.) How to build a human powered charger which can be attached and
detached to a bicycle that will then help the people using it exercise?
c.) How to simplify the design and size of the whole device which will make it
much easier to bring around and reduce the complexity of the parts needed to
make it?
1.6 Hypothesis of the Study
If the continuous usage of mobile phone even it is on low-battery related to

the lack of exercise and a higher cost of electric bills, then using a bicycle with a
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device that could make the wasted energy from cycling as the energy used for
charging the mobile phone will make the people more fit and also help the
environment a little. And when we collect that many “little” help, we would gather
“many” which then will make it noticeable.
1.7 Significance of the Study
The proposed project will provide a significant and healthy way of charging
mobile phones. Here are some beneficial achievements that the proposed project
is expected to provide:
This project will greatly help the environment not only on gas emissions but also
on the energy used when charging mobile phones on electric gridlines.
Increase the demand of generator/dynamos and bicycles.
This project will make wasted energies from using bicycles usable to be used
efficiently.
This project is expected to be proved useful when calamities struck places and
help them keep the power of their mobile phones to get help from people when
they are stranded in some places.
Thus, we expect from this project to enhance the efficacy of charging mobile phone
that instead that they idle, it is better to exercise from time to time.
1.8 Scope and Limitations of the Study
This project will focus on developing a mobile charger with the use of
bicycle. This project will let users (people who have bicycles) to freely decide
whether to store the energy that they get from cycling or to use them immediately.
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In addition, the proposed project will not be a hindrance on using the bicycle and
is expected to be as safe as possible when generating electricity. Moreover, the
proposed project could be detached and attached freely on the bicycle. So that
when they are in small places they could still use this device using their arm
muscles.
1.9 Definition of Terms
Bicycle – a vehicle composed of two wheels held in a frame one behind the other,
propelled by pedals and steered with handlebars attached to the front wheel.
Cyclist – a person who rides a bicycle.
Dynamo – a machine for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy; a
generator.
Generator - a machine that converts one form of energy into another, especially
mechanical energy into electrical energy, as a dynamo
Mobile Phone – a telephone with access to a cellular radio system so it can be
used over a wide area, without a physical connection to a network.
Velcro – a fastener for clothes or other items, consisting of two strips of thin plastic
sheet, one covered with tiny loops and the other with tiny flexible hooks, which
adhere when pressed together and can be separated when pulled apart
deliberately.
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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES AND STUDIES
This chapter includes the ideas, finished thesis, generalization or

conclusion, methodologies and others. Those that were included in this chapter
helps in familiarizing information that are relevant and similar to the present study.
2.1 Related Literature

2.1.1 Foreign
Klempner and Kerszenbaum [3] (2004) said that magnets always have two
poles and that the two north poles always repel each other, as do two south poles.
However, north and south poles always attract each other. A magnetic field is
defined as a physical field established between two poles. Its intensity and
direction determine the forces of attraction or repulsion existing between the two
magnets. However, due to mechanical, as well as operational reasons, permanent
magnets in synchronous machines are restricted to those with ratings much lower
than large turbine-driven generators. They explained that to generated electricity
from mechanical devices, we need magnets that will create magnetic fields that
will result in electricity.
In the book of T.Lockwood [4], he described that power from any convenient
source, such as steam engine or water-wheel, is caused to drive one dynamo-
electric machine, a belt being carried from the motor to the armature-pulley of the
machine, and the armature is thus rotated. In this statement, we could know that
this is how our device will generate electricity. And this comes from the rotation
that will cause friction, then that will form magnetic energy which will then be
electricity.
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3 Operation and Maintenance of Large Turbo-Generators by Geoff Klempner and Isidor Kerszenbaum (2004)
4 Schellen, Heinrich; Nathaniel S. Keith (1884). Magneto-Electric and Dynamo-Electric Machines, Vol. 1
S. P. Thompson [5] (1888) said that the basic concept of a spinning endless loop
of wire remains at the heart of all modern dynamos. Meaning that even though it
is on this modern era, the main components of dynamos is not changing. That the
main concept of the dynamos of before is still the same of the dynamos now. That
the dynamos created in this era now are just much more simplified and efficient
compared to how it was created before.
2.1.2 Local
In very small electric motors which run on dc (direct current) a permanent

magnet made of iron - or of some other alloy of elements capable of being
magnetised - is used to create the two poles of the stator. The rotor is built-up
using windings made of insulated copper wire wound onto poles made of layers of
well-insulated thin cast iron sheets which are called "laminations". The thin sheets
must be well insulated from one another to minimize power wastage caused by
internal eddy currents that are induced as the rotor's poles continually break the
stator's magnetic field. In larger motors, which may run on either dc or ac
(alternating current), the stator's magnetic field is created by field windings made
of insulated copper wire wound around pole pieces which are not permanently
magnetized. (Martinel) [6]
Although wind is an abundant source of energy, and the same is true for
solar energy, one must bear in mind that it is not a continuous source with a
constant supply. Any renewable energy, although plentiful, suffers from two major
drawbacks; it is a low-level energy and it is not continuously available. Being a low-
level energy implies that we cannot expect to have a wind turbine with same
capacity as a thermal plant. A thermal plant (steam and gas turbines) can have a
capacity of 500 MW or more with only one or a few turbines, whereas for that
capacity we may need at least 200 wind turbines in an onshore wind farm.
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5 Dynamo-electric Machinery: A Manual for Students of Electrotechnics - By Silvanus Phillips Thompson
6 http://www.answers.com/Q/What_types_of_magnetic_material_are_used_for_small_motors
Moreover, a 500 MW thermal power plant is normally capable of delivering that

much power on a continuous basis, whereas the output of a wind turbine depends
on the wind and fluctuates with the time of the day and the month of the year
(Hemami, 2012) [7].
A prototype system of playground seesaw for energy contraption was

developed in this study. Results showed that higher pressure at full open valve can
be associated to higher output values. These results signify that the energy
contraption using playground seesaw is an alternative viable source of electrical
energy in the playgrounds, parks and other places and can be used as an auxiliary
or back-up source for electricity, especially in developing countries. (Acosta, 2017)
[8]
2.2 Related Studies

2.2.1 Foreign
According to the study made by the students [9] of California Polytechnic

State University for the charger to operate on USB power and charge a cell phone
there are several technical specifications that must be met. The output to the
phone must be 5 volts at 0.5 to 1 amperes. Therefore, the power required to charge
the phone is equal to 2.5 to 5W. This must be constant DC power, as fluctuation
or oscillation in the power signal will cause the phone to not charge properly.
Their design consist of many things and the main components is a foot
pedal which is incorporated to a generator with built-in solar panels. The decision
matrix was an extremely useful tool in comparing the different mechanisms that
were a possible solution in creating a successful design. The concept selection
process began by constructing their decision matrix for the top four designs and a
Quality Function Deployment (QFD) diagram. The four mechanisms that were
compared were a rack and pinion, a bicycle design, a treadle design and the hand
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7 Hemami, A. (2012). Wind Turbine Technology.
8 I A P Banlawe and N J E L Acosta 2017 IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 67012018
9 Nicole Hensley, Anthony Ruh, Krista Schmidt, Joseph Garcia (2012
crank design that was originally proposed. The categories of durability, simple
design and ease of use were given the highest weight with regards to importance.
When compared in the decision matrix, the mechanism with the highest rating was
the treadle design.
Then they used the methodology [10] found in Shigley’s Mechanical

Engineering Design 9th Ed in determining shaft diameters. These equations and
processes to help and facilitate the correct sized of their project making. Then,
they’ve run simulations that resulted in deciding that a linear voltage regulator was
the best option for this application.
Another study conducted by C.Arntzen [11]. Its aim is to present a working

prototype of a smartphone charger whose power source is a standard front wheel
bicycle dynamo hub. The study he proposed has a very complex system because
his device is aimed for smartphones like iPhone which has many security needs
and doesn’t just allow accessories to be attached or installed. It needed a very
specific type of frequency and clearance to be used. A few changes in the layout
of the SEPIC could improve the output voltage ripple as well. The switching node
can be made smaller and other components can be moved further away from the
converter; these changes should reduce switching noise coupled onto other signal
paths.
2.2.2 Local
Based on the study of a student [12] from Bulacan State University,

Abatement of global warming: Renewable energy use does not produce carbon
dioxide and other greenhouse emissions that contribute to global warming. The
carbon dioxide released when biomass is burned equal amount absorbed from the
atmosphere by plants as they are grown for biomass fuel. Improving access to
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10 Shigley's Mechanical Engineering Design, 9th Edition by R. G. Budynas and J. K. Nisbett (2010)
11 THE BICYCLE-POWERED SMARTPHONE CHARGER - Chris Arntzen (2013) Thesis for the Faculty of California
Polytechnic State University
12 Maroma, A.N. (2014) Solar Powered Cell Phone Charging Station
clean energy sources: Increasing the flexibility of power systems as electricity

demand changes, reducing pollution and emissions from conventional energy
systems. Reducing dependency and minimizing spending on imported fuels.
Electricity can be produced from renewable resources; the sun’s energy can
be used to heat fluids for turbines in solar thermal systems or can be converted
directly to electricity using the principles of photovoltaic. The exponential rise in oil
prices, the growing awareness of energy-related pollution, and the adverse effects
of climate change have all contributed to a re-evaluation of energy use. This re-
evaluation has resulted in the improvement in the efficiency with which energy is
used in industry and power generation, as well as in lighting, household appliances
and transportation. The efficient use of energy is a major factor that contributes to
the improvement of in energy consumption that has occurred in the last decades
in almost all industrialized countries. The amount of additional energy required to
improve the desired energy services depends on the efficiency with which the
energy is produced, delivered, and used. Energy efficiency improvement would
help reduce financially investment in new energy supply system [13].
To attain the objectives set in the study, the developmental method of

research was employed by the researchers. Developmental Research aims to
systematically examine products, tools, processes, and models to provide reliable,
usable information to both practitioners and theorists. It is intricately connected to
real world practice. It creates a loop with practice informing research and research,
in turn, informing practice. Specifically, the Type 1 developmental study was
utilized as the main method for achieving the objectives which is focused upon a
given instructional product, program, process, or tool. They reflect an interest in
identifying either general development principles or situation-specific
recommendations. Typically Type 1 studies address not only product design and
development, but evaluation as well. At times they may validate a design or
development technique or tool [14].
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13 Lacap, A.M., et al. (2004) Solar Power Harvester. Undergraduate Thesis, Lyceum of the Philippines
14 Richey and Klein (2005) Developmental Study Concepts.
The group of evaluators composed of EEC Department faculty, engineers, people

who are in the field of broadcasting and the beneficiaries were requested to
evaluate the acceptability of the Station in terms of the following criteria, namely:
1) Physical Features, 2) Cost, 3) Durability, and 4) Operation.
The conclusion is based on the foregoing findings and the result of the
evaluation, the following conclusions were derived: 1) The solar panel does not
harness the optimum voltage during certain times of the day and must be directed
manually towards the direction of the sun. 2) The time programmed for charging
(15 minutes) was deemed to be too short for charging cell phones. 3) The main
charging station was considered by some to be too high for short operators.
Based on the foregoing findings and conclusions, the following

recommendations were made: 1) Height of the charging station should be lowered.
2) Standard charging time should be 20 minutes. 3) A voice warning prompt should
be programmed on the device to inform the user of the time remaining. 4) A sun
tracker can be installed to the solar panel to automatically direct the panel for
maximum energy harnessing. 5) It is highly recommended, that a follow up
feasibility study be made to determine the business potential of the device.
2.3 Synthesis
The review on related literature and studies helped in explaining the uses
and functions of the generator to the bicycle powered mobile charger even though
some of the said uses and functions differ to the actual generator of this project.
Using the literatures and studies that the researcher got, it explained the main idea
of how this project works.
In the various related literatures that the researcher collected, how

generators are made and the different kinds of uses of it. It will give the reader
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knowledge about the background of the main component of this research. While
in the studies, it is written there the applications and the results of experiments of
studies closely related to this research. It gives the researcher ideas how the
structure of this research be improved provided the data that are given.
With the similar aspects of the gathered different studies, the generator is
the common component of this mobile charger. The uniqueness is that, unlike the
examples gathered, this project will make the bicycle mobile instead of stationary
and make the device more compact so that it will not hinder the other parts of the
bicycle. In this project, it will make the device more like an add-
on/accessory/attachment to the bicycle instead of customizing the bicycle parts.
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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
In this chapter, the researcher will discuss the research design, area of
study, sampling technique, instrument for data collection, validation of the
questionnaire, administration of the instrument and method of data analysis.
3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN
This study will use the descriptive method of survey type of research which
describe and interpret data and characteristics about the population or
phenomenon being studied. It involves some type of comparison or contrast and
attempts to discover relationships between existing and non-manipulative
variables.
Moreover, according to Aquino (2001) [15] gives this definition. Descriptive
research is fact-finding with adequate interpretation. The descriptive method is
something more and beyond just data-gathering; the latter is not reflective thinking
nor research. The true meaning of the data collected should be reported from the
point of view of the objectives and the basic assumption of the project under way.
The data must be subjected to terms of ordered reasoning.
The instrument, the survey, included 15 questions (see Appendix A: Bicycle
Powered Mobile Charger). Because the instrument specific to the research could
not be found, we could only make do with the knowledge the correspondents have
when answering the survey.
Once the content validity of the questionnaire was established, the survey
was collected and ready to be analyzed.
3.2 Research Locale
The survey conducted is only within the vicinity of Brgy. Kaligayahan in

Novaliches, Quezon City. The researcher aimed to gather data focused on cyclist
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15 Aquino, G. V. Teaching Models, Strategies, and Skills. Quezon City: Rex Book Printing Co., 2001.
that are passing by or when they stopped by. An interview will also take place in
it to gain their understanding on the device the survey is referring to.
Fig. 5 Research Locale

Fig. 5 shows the map of where the researcher conducted the survey for
the respondents.
3.3 Respondents of the Study
The respondents of the study are centered within the ages of 18 and above
due to their open-mindedness of the survey conducted. Also, the respondents are
mainly living near Brgy. Kaligayahan. The researcher conducted a sudden survey
on that day mainly because of the many cyclist passing by that day. The number
of respondents is also based on the people present the same day.
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3.4 Sample and Sampling Technique
The researcher used Convenience Sampling which make each member of

the population has an equal chance of being selected for the survey and in his/her
convenience of being surveyed. Then, respondent the were given time enough
time to respond to the questions and answer as honestly as they could for every
question.
3.5 Methods of Data Gathering
The researcher collected the essential and important data in the study for
the proposed project by using the following research methods instruments:
3.5.1 Observation
The researcher used the senses of sight by keen observation on the

different elements of the surroundings and components of the components needed
of this project. The areas that were observed are accessibility, engineering and
utility systems, natural forms, and practicality. This method was used to come up
with good orientation and planning for the proposed project.
3.5.2 Survey Questionnaire
As stated earlier, this study utilized a pencil and paper survey to gather
quantitative data for descriptive study of the phenomenon and research questions.
How do you make use of exercising to charge a mobile phone? The survey
consisted of 15 questions related to the project and offered 5 choices, from strongly
agree until strongly disagree. The questionnaire was comprised of three major
sections; (a) Awareness; (b) Understanding; and (c) Perception.
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3.5.3 Library Research
Library research is the most common instrument used by researchers to

gather information. The researchers used materials such as, books, journals,
encyclopedia, and other similar research to this project. The materials utilized are
useful references that have bearing to concept and planning, functional and
aesthetic design standards, structural technologies, building utilities, and other
trends that are to be the foundation in the design study.
3.5.4 Computer Research
The power of the internet and computer technology was used by the
researcher as a tool for conducting research. The internet gives a wide range of
information that are not available in nearby library, town, city, or country; thus, it
gave enough sources for the researcher to validate his related literature and study.
Also, information that are not found in the old editions of the books can be found
in the internet with latest revisions of designs and standards.
3.6 ANALYSIS
3.6.1 Percentage or Frequency Distribution
The purpose of this distribution is to show the data that specifies the
percentage of observations that exists for each data points. It is a particularly
useful method of expressing the relative frequency of survey responses and other
data. Many times, percentage frequency distributions are displayed as tables or
bar graphs or pie charts. This formula could be applied in respondent’s answers to
the questionnaire.
The formula for computing the percentage is as follows:
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𝐹
𝑃= × 100
𝑁
Where: P = percentage F = frequency N = number of respondents
3.6.2 Measures of Central Tendency
This method will be used to interpret the given answers of the respondents
to each statement. At the same time, the most common score, mean or average
response of the group were determined through this formula:
Σ𝑓𝑥
𝑊𝑥 =
𝑁
Where: Wx = weighted mean value Σ = Summation x = scale
f = number of respondent’s responses N = total number of respondents
3.6.3 Tables and Graphs
The data presented in tabular form with rows and columns where they were
classified and arranged for interpretation. This procedure shows how information
can be joined with. The purpose of this table is to facilitate the study of
interpretation, interferences and implications of the relationships of statistical data.
Graphical presentations were used in associating data and results to

establish and explain the points made. This method was used by the researcher
to aid in understanding the information in simple visual easily by the people. Its
main purpose is to present the variations, changes, and relationships of the data
in a most appealing, effective, and convincing way without overdoing it.
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CHAPTER IV
STATISTICAL PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF
DATA
This chapter provides an analysis of the in-depth data that was collected on
the survey the researcher conducted.
What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:
4.1 Age,
4.2 Gender,
4.3 Status,
4.4 Highest Educational Attainment
23
4.1 Distribution of Respondents According to Age
Table 1 presents the distribution of respondents according to age. The biggest

proportion (37.5 per cent) of the respondents aged 24 – 26 years old.
Frequency Per cent Cumulative Per cent
18 - 20 years old 4 10 10
21 - 23 years old 10 25 35
24 - 26 years old 15 37.5 72.5
27 - 29 years old 3 7.5 80
30 - 32 years old 5 12.5 92.5

33 years old and above 3 7.5 100
Total 40 100.0
Table 1 Distribution of Respondents According to Age
Graph 1 shows that 24-26 years old have the highest percentage followed by
people at 21-23 years old at 37.5% and 25% respectively.
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
18 - 20 Years 21 - 23 Years 24 - 26 Years 27 - 29 Years 30 - 32 Years 33 Years Old
Old Old Old Old Old and Above
Frequency Per Cent Cumulative Percent
Graph 1 Distribution of Respondents According to Age
24
4.2 Distribution of Respondents According to Sex
Table 2 is the distribution of respondents according to sex. Most (80 per cent) of
the respondents were male. The rest (20 per cent) were females. The male
outnumbered the female.
Male 32 80 80
Female 8 20 100
Total 40 100
Table 2 Distribution of Respondents According to Sex
Graph 2 shows the relationship of the male to female ratio of 4:1. Out of the 40-
people surveyed, 32 are male and 8 are female which in simplest form is 4:1.
100
80
60
40
20
0
Frequency Per Cent Cumulative Per cent
Male Female
Graph 2 Distribution of Respondents According to Sex
25
4.3 Distribution of Respondents According to Status
Table 3 presents the distribution of respondents according to civil status. Majority

(75 per cent) of the respondents were single. Others were married (20 per cent),
or widow/er (2.5 per cent) and separated (2.5 per cent)
Single 30 75 75
Married 8 20 95
Widow/Widower 1 2.5 97.5
Separated 1 2.5 100.0
Total 40 100.0
Table 3 Distribution of Respondents According to Status
Graph 3 The highest percentage that are surveyed are the single people which is
at 75% and the remaining quarter to be distributed to the other categories.
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Frequency Per Cent Cumulative Per Cent
Single Married Widow/Widower Separated
Graph 3 Distribution of Respondents According to Sex
26
4.4 Distribution of Respondents According to Educational Attainment
Table 4 is the distribution of respondents according to educational attainment.

Majority (45 per cent) of the respondents were College Level. Others had some
High School Graduate (32.5 per cent) and College Graduate (22.5 per cent).
High School Graduate 13 32.5 32.5
College Level 18 45 77.5
College Graduate 9 22.5 100
Total 40 100.0
Table 4 Distribution of Respondents According to Educational Attainment
Graph 4 The highest are at the College Level category which took up 45% of the
total surveyed people.
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Frequency Per Cent Cumulative Per Cent
High School Graduate College Level College Graduate
Graph 4 Distribution of Respondents According to Educational Attainment
27
Survey Results
Awareness
Table 5 shows the mean and the descriptive interpretation under the awareness
sub-topic in the questionnaire.
Questions Mean Descriptive Interpretation

1. Do most people use mobile phone and use
4.48 High Level
them most of the time?
2. Does cycling makes our body healthier? 4.33 High Level
3. Does having a low-battery mobile phone is

4.73 High Level
very inconvenient?
4. Did you know that we could use
mechanical power to convert into electrical 3.03 Average Level
energy?
5. Does using bicycle on short to medium
distances, eco-friendly rather than using 4.53 High Level
motorbikes or cars to travel?
Total Mean 4.22 High Level
Table 5 Awareness
Based on the data on Table 5 the total mean is still 4.22 which is on a high level,
even though question 4 got an average level of 3.03 where they are neutral on the
topic about how we could use mechanical power into electrical energy. Question
3 got the highest mean answer of 4.73. They strongly agree that low-battery mobile
phones are inconvenient especially when they need to make calls or in the middle
of something.
28
Understanding
Table 6 shows the mean and the descriptive interpretation of the questions under
the understanding part of the questionnaire.
Question Mean Descriptive Interpretation
6. Cycling is environment friendly. 4.7 High Level

7. Do you agree that there are more
productive ways to produce electricity that are 4.03 High Level
off the grid?
8. Do you agree that cellphones are the most
4.3 High Level
valuable portable gadget?
9. Do you agree that having a bicycle to travel
below a kilometer distance to commute is 4.38 High Level
helpful to the environment?
10. People nowadays give more importance
to their selfies to take pictures of the food 3.7 High Level
before eating it before it gets cold.
Table 6 Understanding
Based on the data above, most of them took the neutral approach on question
number 10, that people give more importance to take selfies before eating, which
is a sign of disrespect on the food. While others either agree or strongly agree
which resulted in near the average level but still a high level of 3.7. And also, on
question 7 where they might get confused regarding the ways of producing
electricity off the grid outlets.
29
Perception
Table 7 shows the mean and the descriptive interpretation on perception topic in
the questionnaire.
Questions Mean Descriptive Interpretation

11. Having a mechanical portable charger
can be useful depending on the situation 4.35 High Level
one is in.
12. Continuous usage of mobile phone
can affect your health if you don’t 4.33 High Level
exercise.
13. Would you like to see bicycle powered
mobile charger readily available in the 3.83 High Level
Philippines?
14. Would you like to save electricity
through cycling by using it as a catalyst for 4.18 High Level
mobile charging?
15. In calamities, having a portable
mechanical charger that doesn’t need 4.18 High Level
electricity is very helpful in the situation.
Table 7 Perception
On the data shown in Table 7, we could see that the average answers say that
they are agreeing to the question. In question 5, they thought that having a portable
mechanical charger that doesn’t need electricity is useful on calamities. Especially
here in the Philippines where there are really some areas which are prone to
floods. The like that it reaches over an average Filipino adult of 5 feet. Overall,
since the majority answered 5’s (strongly agree) or 4’s (agree) and some 3’s
(neutral), they are all agreeing and resulted in a high level total mean.
30
CHAPTER V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter provides an analysis of the summary of the findings and

conclusion collected from the previous chapters.
Recommendations are also provided to meet future needs.
5.1 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
Based on the frameworks gathered and hypothetical and survey

questionnaires that are conducted, a synopsis on the stated problems is classified
below.
1. Their understanding about conserving energy is very little that they might
not know the alternatives of it (Question 4). Furthermore, in Question 13, they are
unsure of this device being available in the Philippines or they simply do not care
because they think it will cost money, which is it does cost money. But they didn’t
think it thoroughly that it will be an investment in saving some in their electric bills
and they will frequently use their bicycles.
2. Although they do agree that they would want to save electricity by using
their hobby, which is cycling, to save some electricity (Question 14).
3. Only few people, which are those who really are in the situation where
they experienced a calamity, understand the usefulness of this device. Others are
just good people who thought that it would be convenient to have it in emergencies
or calamities.
31
5.2 CONCLUSIONS
Many people are aware that mobile phones are useful in everyday life in
this modern world that they could easily pass away the time and tend to forget to
do prior things that they needed to do or at least, move their body.
Using a small dynamo generator as the main component of the device and
a pcb board to link it with the other components could make this device easily.
Instead of using a used battery to store the gathered energy, this is more practical
because it could be directly used to charge the phone and make the device simpler
instead of a complicated one.
Also, this project will promote the use of bicycles which will then help not only the
people using it, but also the environment even if only by a little.
Costs of the components are considered too. Even though dynamos are
getting pricier by the day and so does the other components, we could think of it
as an investment where the little money we save from electricity every month could
make up the loss we get by building this device.
The probability of bicycle enthusiasts rising is possible. Not only it will help
people to get healthier and fit, it will also help the environment and not waste the
excess energy from riding their bicycles. Finally, it will result in a more clean and
positive environment.
5.3 RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on the previous chapters and data, the following recommendations

are suggested:
32
1. Enhancing one’s knowledge about the generator system not only by

theoretical knowledge but also by means of actual experimentation will result
thorough familiarization and mastery.
2. The hypothesis made, and research design are not limited only to a
generator such as this but could make do with a wind turbine (like the ones in a
computer fan), and a used battery mentioned.
3. The researcher recommends that there are available capacitors in the
module, it is also possible to conduct power factor correction by using capacitor
banks, but this requires other circuits, which is not available in the module stated,
to perform it properly.
4. Lastly, there are adjustments and component replacing that could be
done that could make the device more efficient but more costly or vice-versa.
33
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Book Refences
 Wollums, C., Burke, I., Coddington, K., Godby, R., Minier, A., & Reavey,
R. (2016, April 4). A Conversation on the Clean Power Plan’s Impact in
Wyoming: Understanding the Challenges and Opportunities. Panel
presented at University of Wyoming, School of Energy Resources Panel
Presentation in Wyoming Union Family Room, Laramie, WY.
 Engineering Fundamentals of the. Internal Combustion Engine. i. Willard
W. Pulkrabek, 2004
 Operation and Maintenance of Large Turbo-Generators by Geoff
Klempner and Isidor Kerszenbaum (2004)
 Nicole Hensley, Anthony Ruh, Krista Schmidt, Joseph Garcia – Sole
Power: Pedal Phone Charger (2012)
 Shigley's Mechanical Engineering Design, 9th Edition by R. G. Budynas
and J. K. Nisbett (2010)
 Schellen, Heinrich; Nathaniel S. Keith (1884). Magneto-Electric and
Dynamo-Electric Machines, Vol. 1
 Dynamo-electric Machinery: A Manual for Students of Electrotechnics -
Silvanus Phillips Thompson
 Maroma, A.N. (2014) Solar Powered Cell Phone Charging Station
 Lacap, A.M., et al. (2004) Solar Power Harvester. Undergraduate Thesis,
Lyceum of the Philippines
 Richey and Klein (2005) Developmental Study Concepts.
 Aquino, G. V. Teaching Models, Strategies, and Skills. Quezon City: Rex
Book Printing Co., 2001.
 Hemami, A. (2012). Wind Turbine Technology.
 I A P Banlawe and N J E L Acosta 2017 IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ.
Sci. 67012018
34
Online References
 https://ese.wustl.edu/ContentFiles/Research/UndergraduateResearch/Co
mpletedComplete/WebPages/sp10/FeiereisenPelz/Feiereisen%20and%20
Pelz.pdf
 http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2104&conte
xt=thesth
 http://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-
jeee/Papers/Vol12%20Issue%203/Version-1/E1203012025.pdf
 http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1144&conte
xt=mesm
 https://cpb-us-west-2-
juc1ugur1qwqqqo4.stackpathdns.com/muse.union.edu/dist/f/357/files/201
5/08/EEC497-Project-Requirements-Specification.pdf
 http://www.apjmr.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/APJMR-2015-3-172-
Bike-Powered-Electricity-Generator.pdf
 https://file.scirp.org/pdf/OALibJ_2016032509095815.pdf
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_generator
 http://www.instructables.com/id/5-Bicycle-Cell-Phone-Charger-Wind-
Turbine-with-bui/
 http://www.answers.com/Q/What_types_of_magnetic_material_are_used_
for_small_motors
35
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
Project Description
Fig. 6 CAD Model
The Bicycle Powered Mobile Charger is designed to generate electricity by

using the energy acquired when cycling. Not only it will make the wasted energy
from cycling useful, it will also reduce some of the charges from the electricity bill
from charging mobile phones. It is also designed to be durable and waterproofed
so that it could be used when it rains, or the bike is in off-road terrains.
Design Requirement
The goal is to reach 5V-500mA to charge these batteries. Depending on the

speed at which we rotate the shaft, the voltage across the terminals vary and we
don't want anything above +5 volts for our USB charging. So, we need a regulator
block which would take in the variable power from the motor and convert it into DC
+5V.
36
Design Specifications
The material used is a DC since it is more easily available than a dynamo.

Well technically a DC motor is also a DC generator so when you apply mechanical
energy to a DC motor (rotate its shaft), it produces some amount of power.
There are 2 possible options for the voltage regulators:
Option 1: Linear Voltage Regulators (Like 7805)
This itself does the job but linear regulators have a very low efficiency. This
is because here if the load draws 'X' amps of current then even the input needs to
provide the same 'X' amps of current.
Power wasted = (Input voltage - Output voltage) * Current drawn by load
We would be wasting more than half of the power we generate through the
motor and hence not advisable.
Option 2: Switching Voltage Regulators (LM2576/LM2596 5V version)

Switching regulators are more efficient since they turn on/off the input at
high speed (Pulse Width Modulation) to bring down the voltage at output and waste
less power in form of heat. They require few external components but totally worth
the complexity. But since they are only adjustable versions available, we need to
first set the potentiometer present on it such that it gives output close to +5V
Material Costing
Quantity Material Cost

1 PCB Circuit board 20 php
1 Female USB connector 50 php
1 12V DC Motor 400 php
1 1N4007 Diode 5php
37
LM2596 (or any

1 equivalent) IC based 75 php
Power Supply module
1m 22-gauge wire 18 php
1 Screw Driver 150 php
1 Multimeter 250 php
1 Soldering kit 120 php
1 Scissors 20 php
Total 1,108 php
Table 8 Materials Costing
Based on table 8, the total amount of the components to make the device is around
1,110 php. The researcher did not add the bicycle because it is a given that the
user should already have a bicycle. And the device is only an add-on to the bicycle.
The researcher used the prices of the estimated lowest price from the shops
available in the vicinity.
Schematic Diagram
Fig. 7 General Schematic Diagram
38
Fig. 8 Schematic Diagram using U1 Power Supply Module
Fig. 9 Schematic Diagram using the LM2596-5 Power Supply Module
We could see in Figures 7,8 and 9 the schematic diagram of the device using the
2 options that were given in the Design Specification. It is to show how to build
customized power supply modules by following the diagrams.
39
APPENDIX B
User’s Manual
You can use this device by following these 3 easy and simple steps:
Step 1: Attach the DC Motor just enough to contact the front wheel.
Step 2: Clamp the main device in the neck part of the bicycle.
Step 3: Using the built-in clamp in your handle bar, attach your phone and usb
charger wire in the device. And your phone is already charging.
Time Table
Activity November December January February March
Proposal I
Introduction I
Data
I
Collection
Surveys I
Data
I
Analysis
Conclusion I
1st Draft I
Corrections I
Final Draft I
Table 9 Time Table

We see in Table 9 the activity the researcher did. The dates the
researcher submitted or did the said activities are plotted in this table.
40
Facsimile of Questions
Respondent’s Profile
BICYCLE POWERED MOBILE CHARGER
Direction: Kindly check (✓) or fill the blanks with the needed information. The
information supplied will be used for research/report only.
Age: __ 18 – 20 __ 27 – 29
__ 21 – 23 __ 30 – 32
__ 24 – 26 __ 33 – above
Gender: __ Male __ Female
Civil Status: __ Single __ Married

__ Widow/Widower __ Separated
Highest Educational Attainment:

__ High School Graduate __ College Level
__ College Graduate
41
Direction: Kindly encircle the best reaction you have. The information supplied will be for research
only.
1 – Strongly Disagree 2 – Disagree 3 – Neutral
4 – Agree 5 – Strongly Agree
Awareness RATING
1. Most people uses a mobile phone and always use them most of the time. 5 4 3 2 1
1. Do most people use mobile phone and use them most of the time? 5 4 3 2 1
2. Does cycling makes our body healthier? 5 4 3 2 1
3. Does having a low-battery mobile phone is very inconvenient? 5 4 3 2 1
4. Did you know that we could use mechanical power to convert into
5 4 3 2 1
electrical energy?
5. Does using bicycle on short to medium distances, eco-friendly rather

5 4 3 2 1
than using motorbikes or cars to travel?
Understanding RATING
6. Cycling is environment friendly. 5 4 3 2 1
7. Do you agree that there are more productive ways to produce electricity
5 4 3 2 1
that are off the grid?
8. Do you agree that cellphones are the most valuable portable gadget? 5 4 3 2 1
9. Do you agree that having a bicycle to travel below a kilometer distance

5 4 3 2 1
to commute is helpful to the environment?
10. People nowadays give more importance to their selfies to take pictures
5 4 3 2 1
of the food before eating it before it gets cold.
Perception RATING
11. Having a mechanical portable charger can be useful depending on the

5 4 3 2 1
situation one is in.
12. Continuous usage of mobile phone can affect your health if you don’t
5 4 3 2 1
exercise.
13. Would you like to see bicycle powered mobile charger readily available
5 4 3 2 1
in the Philippines?
14. Would you like to save electricity through cycling by using it as a
5 4 3 2 1
catalyst for mobile charging?
15. In calamities, having a portable mechanical charger that doesn’t need
5 4 3 2 1
electricity is very helpful in the situation.
Table 10 Survey Questionnaire
42
CURRICULUM VITAE
Carlo Greg Adviento Mundo

Contact & Address:
Cell no.: 0907-565-9978
Email: carlogreg4@yahoo.com
Address: 008 Blk 1 St., Godinez-Chan
Ville, Brgy. Kaligayahan, Nova., Q.C.
PERSONAL DATA
Place of Birth : Quezon City
Date of Birth : January 4, 1997
Civil Status : Single
Nickname : Carlo
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Elementary : Placido del Mundo Elementary School

(2003 – 2005)
Rosa L. Susano Novaliches Elementary School
(2005 – 2009)
High School : Colegio de San Bartolome de Novaliches

(2009 – 2013)
College : Technological Institue of the Philippines

(2013 – 2014)
St. John Technological College of the Philippines
(2014 – present)
COMPUTER SKILL
# Design Application (Adobe Photoshop CS6, Auto CAD, Paint)
# Experienced in Windows 98, Windows XP, Windows 7, Windows 8 OS environment.
# Office Applications (MS Word, MS Excel, MS PowerPoint)
# Internet: Blogging, Website Making, Browsing & E-mail literacy.
LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY
Good command over English & colloquial Tagalog.
43

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Bicycle Powered Mobile Charger - 2018

In this modern world where the advancement in technology is at its peak

The deliverable of this project is to create a charger that can charge up an

1.2 Theoretical Framework

1.3 Conceptual Framework

Mobile Unit Regulator

Fig. 1 Block Diagram of the Researcher’s Mobile Charger

In Fig. 1, it is shown that it is like some of the already known Mechanical

Fig. 2 Conceptual Project Design

Fig 2 shows the researcher’s Conceptual Project Design. Where we put

1.4 Research Paradigm

1.4.1 Existing System

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Fig. 3 Existing System

Fig. 3 shows the process of an existing system commonly used by the

1.4.2 Proposed System

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Fig. 4 Proposed System

In both figures showed previously, this project is adding new functions in

1.5 Statement of the Problem

Cellphone units are indispensable in today’s world because its handiness

In this light, this device solves the following problems:

1.6 Hypothesis of the Study

If the continuous usage of mobile phone even it is on low-battery related to

1.7 Significance of the Study

Increase the demand of generator/dynamos and bicycles.

1.8 Scope and Limitations of the Study

1.9 Definition of Terms

This chapter includes the ideas, finished thesis, generalization or

2.1 Related Literature

In very small electric motors which run on dc (direct current) a permanent

Moreover, a 500 MW thermal power plant is normally capable of delivering that

A prototype system of playground seesaw for energy contraption was

2.2 Related Studies

According to the study made by the students [9] of California Polytechnic

Then they used the methodology [10] found in Shigley’s Mechanical

Another study conducted by C.Arntzen [11]. Its aim is to present a working

Based on the study of a student [12] from Bulacan State University,

clean energy sources: Increasing the flexibility of power systems as electricity

To attain the objectives set in the study, the developmental method of

The group of evaluators composed of EEC Department faculty, engineers, people

Based on the foregoing findings and conclusions, the following

In the various related literatures that the researcher collected, how

3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN

3.2 Research Locale

The survey conducted is only within the vicinity of Brgy. Kaligayahan in

Fig. 5 Research Locale

3.3 Respondents of the Study

3.4 Sample and Sampling Technique

The researcher used Convenience Sampling which make each member of

3.5 Methods of Data Gathering

The researcher used the senses of sight by keen observation on the

3.5.2 Survey Questionnaire

3.5.3 Library Research

Library research is the most common instrument used by researchers to

3.5.4 Computer Research

3.6.1 Percentage or Frequency Distribution

The formula for computing the percentage is as follows:

3.6.2 Measures of Central Tendency

3.6.3 Tables and Graphs

Graphical presentations were used in associating data and results to

What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

4.1 Distribution of Respondents According to Age

Table 1 presents the distribution of respondents according to age. The biggest

Gender: Male Female

Civil Status: Single Married