Linear Programming

Prof Sandeep Mondal, DMS, IIT(ISM),

Dhanbad
 Optimization?
• Finding out the best option
– Selected based on some objective criteria
– Say for example, maximizing the final return as NPV, profitability etc.;
maximizing the success factor; minimizing the risk involved in the
project;
• Among a set of alternatives
• Under certain restrictions/constraints
– Limitation of resources (fund, skilled manpower)
– Time schedule
– Government policies
– Competitor’s strategy
• Mathematical approach
– Decision Variables
– Objective function
– Constraints
Prof Sandeep Mondal, DMS, IIT(ISM),
Dhanbad
 Some concepts
• Decision Variables
• Parameters.
• Objective: expressed as a function called
objective function.
• Constraints/Limitations
• Non-negativity constraints

Prof Sandeep Mondal, DMS, IIT(ISM),

Dhanbad
 An example
• A company manufactures two types of spindles – A & B.
• Each spindle requires processing in Cutting, Turning and Drilling.
• The processing time per unit of A on Cutting is 5 min, Turning is 5
min and Drilling is 2 minutes.
• The processing time per unit of B on Cutting is 10 min, Turning is
4 min and Drilling is 3 minutes.
• The maximum number of machine-minutes available per day on
Power Hacksaw, Lathe and Drill machines are 60, 40 and 30,
respectively.
• The profit per unit of selling A and B are Rs 6 and Rs 8,
respectively.
To find the optimal number of A and B to be manufactured per day

Prof Sandeep Mondal, DMS, IIT(ISM),

Dhanbad
 Formulation of a LP problem
Decision Variables
x1 = Number of units of A to be manufactured
x2 = Number of units of B to be manufactured
Objective : Maximization of the profit
Total Profit, z = 6x1 + 8x2
Constraints
5x1 + 10x2 ≤ 60
5x1 + 4x2 ≤ 40
2x1 + 3x2 ≤ 30
Non-negativity Constraints
x1 and x2 ≥ 0
Prof Sandeep Mondal, DMS, IIT(ISM),
Dhanbad
 Ex-1: Product Mix

• You make three kinds of computers: Cheap, Good, and Deluxe.

These sell for Rs 15000, Rs 20000, and Rs 24000.
• The Cheap model requires 3 hours for circuit board
installation and 1 hour to fit the peripheral equipment. The
Good model requires 1 hour for circuit boards and 5 hours for
peripherals. The deluxe model requires 3 hours for circuit
boards and 2 hours for peripherals.
• You have 120 hours available for circuit board work and 60
hours for fitting peripherals.
• Determine how much of each kind of computers you should
make to maximize your revenue.

Prof Sandeep Mondal, DMS, IIT(ISM),

Dhanbad
 Ex-2
A person X requires that all the food she/he eats come from one of the four
”basic food groups”: butter, bread, orange juice and ham. She/he wants to
prepare breakfast only from these foods. Each scoop of butter costs Rs 5,
each slice (piece) of bread costs Rs 2, each bottle of orange juice costs Rs 3,
and each piece (slice) of ham costs Rs 8. Each day X must ingest at least 500
calories, 6 oz of sugar, 10 oz of carbohydrates, and 8 oz of fat. The nutritional
content per unit of each food is shown in the following table. Formulate a
linear programming model that satisfies the daily nutritional requirements of
person X at minimum cost

Prof Sandeep Mondal, DMS, IIT(ISM),

Dhanbad
 Ex-3
A Food company is developing a low-calorie high-protein diet supplement
called Hi-Pro. The specifications for Hi-Pro have been established by a panel of
medical experts. These specifications along with the calorie, protein and
vitamin content of three basic foods, are given in the following table:
Formulate this problem as an linear programming model to minimize cost of
serving.

Nutritional elements Units of Nutritional Elements (per Basic Foods Hi-Pro

100 gm. Serving of Basic Foods) specifications
1 2 3
Calories 350 250 200 300
Proteins 250 300 150 200
Vitamin A 100 150 75 100
Vitamin C 75 125 150 100
Cost per serving (Rs.) 1.50 2.00 1.20
Prof Sandeep Mondal, DMS, IIT(ISM),
Dhanbad
 Ex 4
You make decorative stones for landscaping. A ton of coarse
stones requires 2 hours of crushing, 5 hours of sifting, and 8
hours of drying. A ton of fine stones requires 6 hours of crushing,
3 hours of sifting, and 2 hours of drying. The coarse stones sell for
Rs 400 per ton. The fine stones sell for Rs 500 per ton. In a work
week your plant is capable of 36 hours of crushing, 30 hours of
sifting, and 40 hours of drying. Use the graphical method first, to
answer the below.
Determine:
a. How much of each kind of stones you should make to
maximize your revenue.
b. How much revenue you'll make at the maximum.
c. Find the slack for each constraints.
Prof Sandeep Mondal, DMS, IIT(ISM),
Dhanbad