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A Seminar Report Advanced Communication In Smart Grid System

Article  in  Smart Grid and Renewable Energy · July 2012

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 A Seminar Report

On

Advanced Communication In Smart Grid System

Supervised by: Wu Xiang

Dharmesh Varia
RWTH Aachen University
Dharmesh.varia@rwth-aachen.de
Matriculation No - 31744

317444 /DVaria
Introduction • Services modeling - the read, write, or other actions to

C
ommunication has always played a critical role in take on the data

the real-time operation of the power system. • Communication protocols - mapping the Information

Communication between Distribution substation and and Services models to actual bits and bytes

generation site and consumers can be possible through • Telecommunication media - fiber optics, radio

the point to point and point to multipoint signal systems, wireless systems and other physical
[1]
transferring across the grid via wireless communication equipment

device. Communication network architecture for smart

grid is based on broadband wireless communication Need of Advanced Communication in smart grid

technology such as 3G, Long term evolution (LTE), L The Advanced communications technology is required

TE-Advanced etc. These are the signals delivered the to feed the real-time information in healthy as well as

detailed information of utilities failure or line updates to unhealthy condition to the substation. This technology is

the other end. With this information and communication coming to stands in the creation according to the ‘smart

devices, which installed at various point at grids and grid’.

generation plant, will let utilities remotely locate, Isolate, Moreover, to prevent from the faults and maintain

and restore output power instantly. This will prevent gird reliability and punctuality in the network, utilities are

system and power generation from further dangerous compelled to provide real-time information. However,

faults and makes grid stabilities in this tough situation. Through various utilities communication method, the

However, evolution of green energy e.g. solar power consumers can make their choices about how much

plant is more advisable nowadays in order to reduce the energy they wants to use, as well as where and when

carbon consumption in country. Therefore, Smart home

communication system is becoming more suitable for Communication Structure in Smart grid

commercial and residential consumers as it is more As shown in Figure 1, the communication network

economical, more reliable and great continuity. This architecture consists of the electric power private

device is connected with home utilities through the network, 3G or 4G communication network and the

combination of grid lines and home solar plant. Internet. The support network is composed of fiber
optic, microwave and satellite circuits. The branch

What is the Smart Grid? network includes power line carrier, and special cable

The Smart Grid is a collection of energy control and

monitoring devices, software, networking and
communications infrastructure that are installed in
homes, businesses, and throughout the electricity
distribution grid. This collective system provides a
“nervous system” for the grid and for customers that
provides the ability to monitor and control energy
consumption comprehensively in real time. Think of it as
[2]
the Internet for Energy .
The basic terms, 'communications' can be separated
into four parts:
• Information modeling - the types of data to be
Figure 1- Communication Structure in Grid
exchanged
etc. The terminal in smart grid can use broadband

317444 /DVaria
wireless technology to access local network and then utility or the consumer to save energy during peak
exchange information with service system. loads, high-energy prices, or changes in renewable
As the emergency communications has critical energy production. Thermostats manage up to 40% of
requirement of wireless communication network in household energy use and with proper controls and
smart grid, the solutions for emergency communication programming, can save 10% to 30% per year in heating
has been designed as an uplink and Downlink wireless and cooling costs. In home energy displays inform
transmission model. In this, uplink model takes single- customers of their energy usage and cost in real time,
carrier FDMA as multiple access technology and and can communicate urgent messages from the utility.
Downlink model transmission is one to multi-users. These have been shown to save an additional 5% of
However, the link level can be achieved through electricity use. Load control switches can be connected
[4]
simulation of the model. to pool pumps electric water heaters, and other loads,
The most important task of power emergency saving an additional several percent of energy usage.
communication system is to transfer the live video. The
wireless power transmission for emergency Different Ways of Use of Advance Communication
communication system is similar to conventional mobile The applications such as AMI (Advanced metering
[4].
communication system Both of them serve for multi- infrastructures), DA (Distribution Automation), Electric
users at the same time. But the difference exits: the Power Emergency and etc., all of them require high
conventional mobile communication system contains quality communications network. Advanced metering
many small cells, and different cells reuse the same (Shown in figure) plays a major role in smart grid
frequency, so inter-cell interference exists. In this infrastructure and wireless applications.
model, the system only includes one base station
(emergency communications vehicles). If the base
station used one unidirectional antenna, there would be
only one cell. The mobile terminals can use all
frequencies. There is only interference between
terminals, but the interference between different cells
doesn't exist. Similarly, the switching problem is not
need to be considered.

Smart home communication

A Smart thermostat can be adjusted remotely via the Figure 3 - Advanced Meter Infrastructures

These applications are heart of advanced

communications systems. A broadband wireless
communications networks will support advanced
metering systems of the future. This will provide faster
and more accurate use, load, and disruption
information. It will help utility companies plan and
manage their resources more efficiently and effectively.
DA devices require low-latency and high bandwidth. It
generally requires very fast communication speeds to
support the necessary device to response on time.

Figure 2 – Smart Home Communication 317444 /DVaria

Natural disaster and accidents have significant impact The design and deployment of such an advanced and
on the smart grid. The power emergency reliable communications infrastructure is certainly a
communication system should be set up, which can challenge, but it is a fundamental requirement for
capture live video information and send video making today’s grid “smarter” and for delivering those
information to the emergency communications vehicles real and tangible environmental benefits needed today.
for the command center to provide first-hand decision- As it happened in the past with the introduction of radio,
making and deployment of information. The above telephone, television, mobile phones, and the Internet,
applications need two-way, efficient and timely communications will be again at the center of major
communication network. With the rapid development of technological and societal changes. These changes will
wireless communication technology, the advanced help achieving the ultimate Smart Grid vision: a more
broadband wireless communication technology could energy efficient and greener society.
meet the requirement of smart grid and will be wildly Appendix
used in AMI, DA, and Electric Power Emergency, etc.
1. IEEE - 802.16.e, 2005: 3G & 4G networking
Moreover, The use of broadband wireless mobile
communications Protocols: based on the
communication technology such as 3G and 4G has
fourth‐generation, all‐IP communications standard,
significantly becomes beneficial for the smart gird. 3G
the Institute of Electrical and Electronics
and 4G are bidirectional communication systems with
Engineers
wide coverage and suitable for widespread terminal
[4]. Access Network Interface: IEEE - 802.16.e, 2005
access and remote control
In Addition, Data transferring through the 3G- Network Link Security Protocols: EAP-TLS /
communication network can reach up to 2Mbps or more RADIUS
in the low speed environment and 4G communications
network can be possible at 50 Mbps. Such a high data 2. IEC 61107 & IEC 62056: Communication protocol

transmission rate is fully capable to meet the for smart meters AMI (Avanced Metering System)

requirements of information transfer in Smart grid ANSI C12.18 is an ANSI standard that describes a

through 3G & 4G System. protocol used for two-way communications with an

electricity meter

Key Advantages of Advanced communication

3. IEC 61851: EV-Communication Smart Home,
• Continuous communication with each utility Devices
and each meter on the system
4. IEC 61850: the International Electro technical
• Ability to stream selected data values from the
Commission (IEC) is a general transmission
Communication devices and meter with near-real-
protocol for the protection and control systems in
time access
electrical substations
• Detect Verifiable load control, remote disconnect
and time-based billing structures
5. 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE), also known as
• PLC network operates on existing infrastructure and
3.9G, is a wireless standard that was specified as
also provides distribution system analytics
the UMTS successor of the 3rd Generation
• Multi-utility functionality in communication devices
Partnership Project (3GPP). LTE is often referred to
enables the system to retrieve reads from electric,
as 4G. For LTE is in Germany in the 800 MHz
[3]
water and gas meters .
frequency range (digital dividend) and frequencies
Conclusion
in the 2.5 to 2.6 GHz range.

317444 /DVaria
References
[1] NR Electric Corporation, Distribution Management
System

[2] SMART GRID OVERVIEW, Trilliant, Inc.

\[3] Zhao Feng, Li Hong-jia, et aL Research and

Application of Mobile Video Conference in State Grid
ICT Networks. Telecommunications for Electric Power
System, 2009, 30 (205) :

[4] Zhao Feng, Liu Jianming, Hu dan, Zhang Yuexia,

Study on the Application of Advanced
Broadband Wireless Mobile Communication
Technology in Smart Grid
----------------------

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