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City of Taguig
Gen. Santos Avenue, Central Bicutan, Taguig City
Introduction
The Philippine National Police (PNP) which is one of the pillars of the Criminal
Justice System in the country, is the most visible agency in the matter of crime
agencies, principally lies in its efficiency to investigate criminal cases, with the objectives
of identifying the perpetrators, filing the appropriate criminal cases against them and
arresting them, so that, they may be made to answer for their offences before courts of
law.
throughout the world, has a universal duty and responsibility of preserving the rights of
people and in bringing justice to all non-conformist who violate the law of the society
To improve and strengthen police operations that are geared towards patrol, law
enforcement, internal security and public safety, every police officer should be equipped
with the necessary procedures and mechanics to efficiently carry out police operations
into a more responsive and attuned to the demands of law enforcement and
Republic of the Philippines
City of Taguig
Gen. Santos Avenue, Central Bicutan, Taguig City
On the other hand, the role of the police is more pronounced in democratic
societies where it plays a major role in the maintenance and promotion of order, safety
and protection as vividly manifested in Section 2 of the Republic Act No. 6975. Likewise,
the police force shall be organized, trained and equipped primarily for the performance of
police functions.
As stated by the then Chief, Philippine National Police Director General Ronald
“Bato” Marapon Dela Rosa, an extensive training and reorientation in all the aspects of
police work is extremely necessary because the policeman is the guardian of the people,
and he must learn to appreciate the value of selfless dedication to duty in the exercise of
However, it is an irrefutable fact that almost all daily newspapers today that carry
news reports on crimes committed, oftentimes involving either military or police officers.
This involvement of officers of the law is a clear manifestation that the discipline they
developed while under training has been impaired or it could be that they have not
received by the police and other law enforcement agencies, particularly, in its seeming
inability to curb crimes and arrest criminals, there is indeed a need to take closer look on
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Republic of the Philippines
City of Taguig
Gen. Santos Avenue, Central Bicutan, Taguig City
police work.
a judge (or magistrate), which authorizes a police officer to arrest the person or people
named in the warrant. Warrants typically identify the crime for which an arrest has been
authorized, and may restrict the manner in which an arrest may be made. Some warrants
also specify the bail that a defendant must post to regain freedom following arrest. If the
warrant is for a previous failure of the suspect to appear in court—called a bench warrant
—it will probably specify that the arrested person may not be released on bail at all
stated that all arrests should be made only on the basis of a valid Warrant of Arrest
issued by a competent authority, except in instances where the law allows warrantless
and the person to be arrested shall not be subjected to any greater restraint than what is
Further, at all stages of the criminal process, including arrest, police officers must
protect citizens' constitutional rights, such as the right to remain silent and the right to be
free from unreasonable searches. If these rights are violated, a court may deem the
Republic of the Philippines
City of Taguig
Gen. Santos Avenue, Central Bicutan, Taguig City
It is commonly assumed that once the person is charged with a crime, the rest
of the justice system will work and the person will be held accountable for the violation.
What is often unknown, and sometimes ignored, is the fact that many individuals are
Republic of the Philippines
City of Taguig
Gen. Santos Avenue, Central Bicutan, Taguig City
persons answerable after the initial court process. An individual may be brought into
court, found guilty, had judgment entered and sentenced, but if the sentence is never
Interestingly, there is very little research on how courts enforce orders and
of serving warrants is a largely overlooked piece of the process. Warrants need to begin
to be accounted for and the inability to measure clearance rates of warrants means that
right away. Outstanding arrest warrants are arrest warrants that have yet to be served by
law enforcement officials. A warrant may be outstanding if the person named in the
warrant is intentionally evading law enforcement, unaware that there is a warrant out for
him/her, the agency responsible for executing the warrant has a backlog of warrants to
many countries. The U.S. state of California had around 2.5 million outstanding warrants,
with nearly 1 million of them in the Los Angeles area. New Orleans, Louisiana has 49,000
outstanding arrest warrants and the city of Baltimore, Maryland had 100,000 outstanding
Republic of the Philippines
City of Taguig
Gen. Santos Avenue, Central Bicutan, Taguig City
In the Philippines, the new administration’s war on drugs had documented 2,127
killed suspected criminals and drug dealers or pushers between June 29, 2016 and
February 16, 2017 across the country. To date, 1,104 were killed by policemen and
1,022 by unknown hitmen. Some were killed while police served a search warrant while
In this regard, the illegal drugs problem in the Philippines is real and pervasive. It
is undermining the moral fabric of the society and is victimizing almost everyone,
including even young children in the grade schools. It has become a threat to national
security.
Accordingly, the Eastern Police District (EPD) is the agency of Philippine National
Police (PNP) responsible for law enforcement in the Cities of Pasig, San Juan,
Director, EPD.
EPD from the four cities. In the month of October 2016, out of the 221 most wanted
persons reported, a total of 166 warrants were received, 27 were served, 139 were not
served and 44 were arrested. These rampant crimes and drug abuses in the district
Republic of the Philippines
City of Taguig
Gen. Santos Avenue, Central Bicutan, Taguig City
In line with these identified trails-off among Police Officers in serving arrest
City, finds interest in conducting this study which will focus on evaluating and describing
more strategic actions, proper approaches and standard operating procedures in its
Officers and the Barangay Tanods from all Barangays in the four cities, in their
Theoretical Framework
Considering that the study endeavors to examine the extent to which increasing
the effort of the Eastern Police District arresting officers to serve warrants may be an
effective public safety strategy against violent crime, it is relevant to look into theories
Apparently, it is found out by the researcher that the Criminal Justice System
Model (CJS) of Coronel (1996) is the most suitable premise for this study since the
evolution of the CJS stated from the Theory of Classical School on Controlling Crimes.
This classical school is also known as Classical Criminology, a school of thought based
Republic of the Philippines
City of Taguig
Gen. Santos Avenue, Central Bicutan, Taguig City
its core, Classical Criminology refers to the belief that a crime is committed after an
individual had weighed the pros and cons of his action. The decision to commit a crime is
In the Philippines, the Criminal Justice System includes the five pillars comprising
of the Law Enforcement, Prosecution, Courts, Corrections and the Community (Coronel,
1996). The theory is a system approach to justice where crime prevention and solution
Republic of the Philippines
City of Taguig
Gen. Santos Avenue, Central Bicutan, Taguig City
the institutionalization of justice in the society. Generally, this framework suggests that for
effective coordination and synchronization of efforts among the five pillars involved in
running the system. Failure in one component is the failure of the whole, and the action
Accordingly, this system model starts with the role of the law enforcement officials
to arrest a person of interest regarding a crime, to identify violators, or the crime suspects
a judge or magistrate in a court of law. The second step is that suspects will undergo the
pertaining to the case. Then, the suspects will be presented before the court for trial
together with the documented police reports, witnesses and evidence. After a series of
court hearings, the convicted criminals will undergo correction in jails under the
supervision of the jail management supervisors. Finally, he will be released back in the
present study even if the focus is on the competencies of the arresting officers in serving
warrants since the success of the whole justice system lies in the knowledge and skills of
Republic of the Philippines
City of Taguig
Gen. Santos Avenue, Central Bicutan, Taguig City
done properly in the first step, any case will not hold in court and justice
Another essential theory significant to this research is the Social Control Theory by
E.A. Ross (2002) which concerns are focused with the issues that promote social order
and conformity.
The Social Control Theory specifically addresses factors which determine whether
or not a person engages in human activity, particularly in the workplace. It examines how
the establishment of rules and norms within a society serve to maintain a level of
conformity and order. Likewise, it states that social stability depends on the expectations
and obligations persons hold towards one another in terms of decency and etiquette
which in turn creates a type of societal morality. Accordingly, social order becomes a
the service of warrants of the Eastern Police District arresting officers, Social Control
Theory prepares a set of rules and ethical standard where the members are expected to
practice depending on the level or degree of their religiosity. This means strict adherence
to all the rules and regulations, policies and standard operating procedures. Additionally,
such ethical rules are also expressed on how the people behave and act. Hence, their
Officers and Barangay Peace and Order Officers (Barangay Tanod), they follow uniform
rules and norms that are strictly observed. They are supposed to enforce the law, to
prevent and control crimes, to maintain peace and order, and to ensure public safety and
internal security with active support of the community. They must act in accordance to
their creed; strictly adhere to the PNP’s mandated task “TO SERVE and PROTECT”,
otherwise, they would be punished accordingly. It is also noted that they observe to
various core values such as being God-fearing, nationalistic, humane and environment-
friendly.
need for the implementation and enforcement of the apposite procedures in the conduct
of serving arrest warrants in relation to the provisions of the Philippine National Police
Conceptual Framework
This research study is based on the concept that a crime could be controlled
through the use of punishments that combined the proper degrees of certainty, severity,
and celerity.
framework is developed showing the general purpose of the study, the different variables
Republic of the Philippines
City of Taguig
Gen. Santos Avenue, Central Bicutan, Taguig City
of warrants among police/arresting officers in the Eastern Police District (EPD) has
significant contribution to the Crime Solution Efficiency and the huge backlogs of
warrants along with several well-publicized cases involving heinous crimes committed by
offenders.
3. Problems encountered.
Proposed Measures
Republic of the Philippines
City of Taguig
Gen. Santos Avenue, Central Bicutan, Taguig City
needed input data, instruments, process and proposed output for the evaluation on
warrant of arrest.
Specifically, the police/arresting officers from the four major police stations under
Eastern Police District as the apprehending team during their conduct of serving warrants
of arrest will be assessed whether they observed or not, the Standard Operating
Procedures set by the Philippine National Police Operational Procedures Manual (2010),
Rule No. 14, Sections 3 to 11 which included: the Implementation of Warrant of Arrest;
Time of Arrest; Procedures in Serving Warrant of Arrest; Duties of the Arresting Officer;
the Authority Given to the Arresting Officer when Making an Arrest, Medical Examination
Officers and the Barangay Peace and Order Officers (Barangay Tanod) of the four cities:
officers in the implementation of the apposite procedures in serving warrant of arrest will
Arrest Operating Procedures among Eastern Police District through proactive and
This study assessed the level of capability of warrant section of different police
Section of different Police Station in Eastern Police District in the Enforcement of Service
1.2 Mobility,
2. Is there any significant differences in the evaluation made by the three groups
of respondents with regard to the Capability of Warrant Section of Different Police Station
above?
5. Based on the result of the study, what action plan recommended to enhance
the level of capability of Eastern Police District and Police Stations’ Warrant Sections?
To understand clearly on how the problems will be dealt with, the researcher
In conducting this study with the in-depth analysis on the data related to the
variables identified, the researcher expects to discern and resolve issues on the warrant
service competencies of the arresting officers in the Eastern Police District (EPD)
Philippine National Police (PNP) Officers. This study may serve as springboard
among officers in the PNP organization in assessing the development needs of human
trainings and seminars needed to equip the arresting teams with upgraded knowledge
procedures.
Policy Makers. In this study, strength and weaknesses of the arresting team of the
Eastern Police District in serving warrant of arrest would be brought to the attention of
Republic of the Philippines
City of Taguig
Gen. Santos Avenue, Central Bicutan, Taguig City
capabilities and limitations is a notable factor to the prosecutors in giving support and
great help to the court during testimonial proceedings and presentation of evidence.
Eastern Police District (EPD) Personnel. The findings of the study may provide
EPD ranking officials a framework for evaluation of the existing operational procedure in
serving warrant of arrest that may affect in the success of the operation. Certainly, the
stability among them particularly in acquiring deeper understanding of their call of duty
and responsibility of ensuring protection and safety to the public by arresting the
Community. In this study, the effective and efficient solution of crime brought by
the police officers specifically, in arresting the most wanted criminals will lead to a safe,
their abilities to support the Law Enforcement Unit in serving warrant of arrest to the
offenders in order to prevent crime incidents and be vigilant in the community. This will
also help in the implementation of the different crime prevention programs and anti-
Researcher. The result of this study will enhance the proficiency of the researcher
in serving warrant of arrest. Likewise this will be used as basis for the improvement of the
system and support for the enhancement of the police/arresting officers’ competencies.
Future Researchers. This will not only provide the police’ colleagues in the
profession with better understanding of what’s and how’s of the capabilities, behaviors,
and competence in the implementation of serving warrant of arrest procedures but will
also serve as a valuable source of information for related study of future researchers who
officers of Eastern Police District. The period of assessment will cover the Calendar Year
The respondents were police/arresting officers from the four major police stations
under the supervision of the Eastern Police District and the Barangay Tanods who are
coming from the different barangays of the City of Mandaluyong, Marikina, Pasig, and
San Juan.
Definition of Terms
The following significant terms that have important bearing on this research are
Archived Case is a case for trial which is rested or set aside due to the non-arrest
of an accused who has not been arraigned or has personally entered his plea on the
charge against him after more than six months upon issuance of a warrant of arrest.
Republic of the Philippines
City of Taguig
Gen. Santos Avenue, Central Bicutan, Taguig City
which authorizes the arrest and detention of an individual, or the search and seizure of
an individual's property.
Authority Given to the Arresting Officer when Making an Arrest denotes to the right
of the police officer who is tasked to make a lawful arrest, with or without warrant such as
verbal summon for assistance, break into/out building or enclosure, and to arrest after
Bail denotes to the security for the release of a person in the custody of the law
furnished by him or a bondsman, conditioned upon his appearance before any court as
required under the conditions specified in section 1, Rule 114, Revised Rules on Criminal
Procedure.
proceeding.
Duties of the Arresting Officer is referring to the liabilities of the police officer
who is implementing the warrant of arrest which include delivering without delay the
arrested person to the nearest police station for record purposes, informing the cause of
the arrest, his constitutional right to remain silent and to communicate to his/her lawyer
and immediate family, and the prohibition of torture, violence, threat, intimidation, secret
and efficient service of warrants of arrest. As used in this study, these refer to vehicles,
Index Crime are crimes which are serious in nature and which occur with sufficient
frequency and regularity such that it can serve as an indicator of the crime situation.
by any of the senses in reacting to the different statements intended to assess the
mandated to enforce the laws, and to keep and maintain peace and order in the country
through strict adherence to the mandated task “TO SERVE and PROTECT”.
Republic of the Philippines
City of Taguig
Gen. Santos Avenue, Central Bicutan, Taguig City
individuals charged with the duty to arrest the offender and/or to perform the mission and
crime cognizable by the Regional Trial Court has been committed and that the
the record of the arrested person for any other crime liability.
Time of Arrest denotes to the proper day and time an arrest should be made.
Acronym