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PROPOSED ICOMC & BMC Building Complex

Rev: R0
HVAC DBR OF 4

Project Name: ICOMC & BMC Building Complex

Architect: Architects Studio,

Location: BHUBHANESWAR

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PROPOSED ICOMC & BMC Building Complex
Rev: R0
HVAC DBR OF 4

INDEX

S NO CONTENT PAGE NO

1 BASIS OF DESIGN

AIR CONDITIONING LOAD & SYSTEM


2
DESCRIPTION

3 BASEMENT VENTILATION SYSTEM

4 BMS SYSTEM

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PROPOSED ICOMC & BMC Building Complex
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1. BASIS OF DESIGN

1.1 ABSTRACT:
The report outlines the basis of preliminary design, estimated requirements for the proposed
HVAC System.

1.2 GENERAL:
 The conceptual report has been prepared based on the preliminary information available
as per the layout and the standard data available
 While the basic system design is not likely to change, the rating & specification of the
main equipment may change after firming up the design data & detailed engineering.

1.3 STANDARDS:
 AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HEATING, AIR CONDITIONING & REFRIGERATION
ENGINEERS (ASHRAE).
 INDIAN SOCIETY FOR HEATING, AIR CONDITIONING & REFRIGERATION
ENGINEERS (ISHRAE).
 INDOOR AIR QUALITY AS PER ASHRAE 62.1-2010.
 LATEST ADDENDUM 62 BY ASHRAE FOR FRESH AIR IN THE CONDITIONED
SPACE.
 IS STANDARDS WHERE EVER APPLICABLE.
 SMACNA STANDARDS FOR SHEET METAL DUCTING
 NBC STANDARDS WHERE EVER APPLICABLE.
 ASHRAE GUIDANCE ON HEALTH CARE / HOSPITAL APPLICATION.
 NABH Guidelines

1.4 GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION


 Site location. : BHUBANESHWAR
 Geographic location. : 20.15’N Latitude
 Altitude. : 27meters
 Daily Range : 200F

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PROPOSED ICOMC & BMC Building Complex
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 OUTDOOR DESIGN CONDITIONS:


The outdoor design conditions for various months have been considered as follows:
Summer: 37.8°C (100°F) DB 27.8°C (82°F) WB
Monsoon: 32.2°C (90°F) DB 28.3C (83°F) WB
Winter: 13.3°C (56°F) DB 8.9°C (48°F) WB

1.5 INDOOR DESIGN CONDITIONS:


Indoor air temperature and humidity as listed in the design basis & Load Data sheet will
confirm to ASHRAE comfort recommendations in 2001 ASHRAE Hand book – Fundamentals
and ASHRAE Standard 55. The fresh air quantity considered for various air conditioned areas
has been listed in Load data sheet.

1.6 DESIGN PARAMETERS

1.6.1 Water Chilling Machine:


Performance rating of the water-chilling machine shall be based on the following design
parameters:
For Water Chillers (water cooled & air cooled) ***
Temperature of chilled water entering chiller : 53.6° F (+12.0°C)
Temperature of chilled water leaving chiller : 44.6° F (+7°C)
Fouling factor for chiller in FPS unit : 0.0005
Temperature of condenser water entering condenser : 89.6° F (32.0°C)
Temperature of condenser water leaving condenser : 98.6° F (37°C)
Fouling factor for condenser in FPS unit : 0.001
*** Parameters will be fine tuned during detailed engineering stage.

1.6.2 Design parameter for selection of Air Handling Unit and its components shall be:
Plug Fan with VFD shall be provided with following design parameters
Maximum face velocity across pre-filters : 500 FPM

Maximum face velocity across cooling coils : 500 FPM

Maximum fan speed for plug fan : 2000 RPM

Maximum fan motor speed : 1440 RPM

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PROPOSED ICOMC & BMC Building Complex
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Multiple fans with following basis : Upto 15000 cmh – 1 No

Above 15000 till 30000 cmh- 2 Nos

Above 30000 till 50000 cmh –3 Nos

1.6.3 Piping shall be sized for the following design parameters:


Maximum velocity for NB 50 & above : 8 FPS
Maximum velocity for NB < 50 : 3.95 FPS
Maximum friction : 4 feet of water per
100 feet.
1.6.4 Design parameter for duct design shall be:
Maximum flow velocity for Supply Air : 1500 FPM
Maximum flow velocity for Return Air : 1000 FPM
Maximum friction for Supply Air : 0.1 Inch of water per
100 feet of duct
Maximum friction for Return Air : 0.08 Inch of water per
100 feet of duct
Maximum velocity at supply air outlet : 500 FPM
1.7 ASSUMPTIONS:
a. Glass ‘U’ value : 1.13 BTU/Hr.Sft.deg.F.
b. Lighting Load : As listed in Design Basis chart
c. Wall ‘U’ value-External : 0.36 BTU/Hr.Sft.deg.F.
d. Wall ‘U’ value-Partition : 0.3 BTU/Hr.Sft.deg.F.
e. Roof ‘U’ value : 0.12 BTU/Hr.Sft.deg.F.
f. Occupancy : As listed in Design Basis chart

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PROPOSED ICOMC & BMC Building Complex
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VARIOUS OPTIONS OF AIRCONDITIONING SYSTEM

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Based on the above design parameters & load details, following options has been considered
on the high side of air conditioning systems for analysis. In view of the high profile of the
building, several options were considered prior to arriving at the recommended option. These
are discussed below.

Option 1: Complete Water cooled system.


Option 2 : Hybrid system.
Option 3 : Individual VRF Outdoor per floor
Option 4 : Combined VRF Outdoor for 3 floors
Option 5 : Centralized VRF Outdoor for entire Building
The following are the few important points, which are considered for selecting the air
conditioning system.
 Energy efficient equipment resulting in low electrical demand.
 To provide a system with low maintenance and running costs.
 System with optimum water consumption.
 System to meet the environmental health and safety standards.
 System with ECO Friendly refrigerants.

WATER COOLED SYSTEM

In the above option, entire air conditioning system shall be with water-cooled chillers. Water
Cooled Chillers along with primary, secondary chilled water & condenser water pump sets
shall be housed in the enclosed plant room whereas cooling towers shall be located on the
terrace of the building.

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Features of Water cooled system


 Operational cost would be low as the power required for water cooled system is less
than option-2 and option 3.
 Due to reduction in Electrical load, Infrastructure part of Electrical system would be
reduced as compared to option 2 and option 3.
 Water requirement for the chillers would be taken from STP.
 Above system is environmentally acceptable as it ensures proper utilization of STP
Waster Water generated. However it should be noted that treatment of water is a
must to operate the Water Cooled Chillers.
 Overall Efficiency of the System would be higher due High COP possible with Water
Cooled Chillers.

VARIABLE AIR FLOW SYSTEM

In the above option, air conditioning shall be done using VRF system. Standalone AHU shall
be placed on extended platforms and VRF outdoor unit shall be placed close to the air
handling unit.
FEATURES OF THE SYSTEM:
 Each Indoor unit shall be connected to single VRF outdoor unit.
 VRF Outdoor unit shall be located outside the building as close as possible.
 Copper piping shall run from indoor to outdoor unit carrying R410A
refrigerant.
 3 phase power shall be provided at both indoor and outdoor unit for
operation of these units.
 Communication cable shall run between indoor and outdoor unit which
shall enable timely operation of the unit.
 Simpler system as compared to other options as it won’t need Soft water to
operate.

GREEN BUILDING FEATURES ADOPTED IN

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THE PROJECT:

a. VFD’S for all AHU’s and Secondary Pumps which will reduce energy by 30% on pumping
cost.

b. Central plant with water cooled centrifugal compressor and air cooled screw compressor with
COP of water cooled centrifugal chiller as minimum 6.1 and air cooled chiller as 3.1.

c. FUNDAMENTAL REFRIGERANT MANAGEMENT: Reduce ozone depletion. Aim for zero


use of cfc based refrigerants in the HVAC&R equipments

The refrigerant selected for the HVAC&R application for the building to minimize or eliminate
the emission of compounds that contribute to ozone depletion and global warming.
The base building HVAC&R equipment shall have only cfc & hcfc free refrigerant, ie. R 134a /
R407C / R410A

d. STP Treated water for operation of water cooled chillers.

e. EA 1: FUNDAMENTAL COMMISSIONING OF THE BUILDING ENERGY SYSTEMS: the


project team shall appoint a dedicated commissioning team, who are not involved in design &
do not belong to any of the firms involved in design of the project, as a commissioning
authority. proposed commissioning team having hands on experience in commissioning
electro-mechanical system typically installed in commercial / office buildings shall be involved.
experience of the commissioning team proposed for the project meets leed guide lines
stipulated in reference guide version 2.0.

f. EQ CREDIT 7 : Thermal comfort: Provide a comfortable thermal environment that supports


the productivity and well-being of building occupants, the designed hvac system will be
meeting the requirements of ashrae standard 55 – 2010.

g. MANDATORY OUTDOOR AIR REQUIREMENT: 5 cfm per person + 0.06 cfm/sft meeting
ashrae standards.

H ENHANCED VENTILATION : 30% additional fresh air over and above ashrae standards

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PROPOSED ICOMC & BMC Building Complex
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Based on the costs benefit analysys , first cost involved in the plant room and piping related works for
various systems. First cost of AC System Cost for option II is less compared to other options.

Also Noticed substantial saving in operating cost in case of option II when compared to other options .

Recommendation:
The following observations are made from the above details:

1. There is a substantial saving in operating cost in case of option II compared to other options .
2. Overall first cost involved for equipments for option II compared to other options
3. Due to reduction in Electrical load, Infrastructure part of Electrical system for option II would
be reduced as compared to other option.
4. Overall Efficiency of the System would be higher due High COP possible with option II-Water
cooled system.

Based on the above analysis, following is our recommendation


Though operational costs are quite reasonable in option II, water requirement in this option is very
high which in turn will be an issue due to non availability of water in this area,

Hence we recommend option 1 (Hybrid system )

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PROPOSED ICOMC & BMC Building Complex
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DETAILS ON LOW SIDE WORKS

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FOLLOWING ARE THE LOW SIDE DETAILS FOR THE ABOVE HVAC WORKS:
 Sheet metal ducting shall be factory fabricated Rolastar / CAM make and shall be as per
SMACNA Standards.
 Extruded Aluminium powder coated Grilles / Diffusers shall be utilized for both supply air
and return air diffusers.
 Factory fabricated insulated flexible ducts to be used for inter connection of the supply air
duct and the diffuser / grille.
The flexible ducts used to tap supply air shall be of high quality thermally insulated duct.
The thickness of the insulation shall be 25 mm thick and the density shall be not less than
of 16 kg / cum. The inner core of the flexible duct shall be of PVC / tough aluminium
material bonded with stainless steel spirally reinforced wire. The outer jacket is made out
of very tough spirally reinforced multiple layer aluminium laminated construction.
 Supply air ducts shall be treated thermally and acoustically for re-ducting the noise levels
through the initial ducts from the unit and to reduce the. For the same fibre glass wool or
nitrile rubber can be used
 Chilled Water piping also shall be insulated thermally with nitrile rubber and shall have
necessary valves such as Butterfly valves, 2-Way motorized balancing valve etc.

TOILET VENTILATION
All toilets has been considered with exhaust system which will be ventilated at a rate of 16
ACPH. Centralized exhaust fans are located at terrace catering to each floor through riser
duct through shafts. Constant Air flow regulators are planned at each floor level branches
for proper balancing. Door grilles shall be provided for all toilet main doors for suction of fresh
air from office areas.

STAIRCASE / LOBBY PRESSURIZATION


Staircases which are facing peripheral walls above ground floor level shall not need any
pressurization, as necessary louvers are proposed at all levels.
However for the staircases below ground floor, Forced fresh air system is planned for each
staircase by locating fan at ground level. These fans shall trigger in case of fire upon receipt
of signal from Fire panel.
Staircases/Lift Lobbies which are not

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PROPOSED ICOMC & BMC Building Complex
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facing peripheral walls, shall be provided with forced fresh air induced at each level and the
fans shall be located at terrace. These fans shall trigger in case of fire upon receipt of signal
from Fire panel.

STP VENTILATION
Forced exhaust system at 30 ACPH is planned and 85% fresh air is provided to keep the area
under negative pressure . Exhaust fans are located in terrace while fresh air fans are planned
within STP as ceiling mounted and fresh air intake from the cut-out provided at podium level.

PUMP ROOM VENTILATION


Forced exhaust system at 15 ACPH is planned and 85% fresh air is provided to keep the area
under negative pressure . Exhaust fans are located in basement ceiling, while fresh air shall
be planned with louvers provided facing basement area.

DG VENTILATION:
As per current plan DG is located at ground level. Since louvers are planned at ground floor
level for air circulation, no separate exhaust and fresh air system is planned.

ELECTRICAL ROOM VENTILATION:


As per current plan Electrical room is located at ground level. Since louvers are planned at
ground floor level for air circulation, no separate exhaust and fresh air system is planned.

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BUILDING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

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6 .PROPOSED SYSTEM

The main objective of the Building Automation System is to carry out control of HVAC
systems and monitor the Electrical Services, Pumping equipment, water storage and Fire
alarm system in order to reduce the running and energy costs and to improve the quality of
information on Air conditioning, Electrical and other allied systems in the building.

1. Functions & features for HVAC SYSTEM:


The HVAC system shall be animated on the screen of the central computer in the
form of Graphic pictures. The real time programming shall connect the Graphic
pictures to the live status of the plant. The system shall have levels of access
password to prohibit unauthorized use at each level of operation. In case of alarm
conditions, the concerned mimic diagrams shall appear on the screen, blinking with
text descriptions. The system shall offer Data logging storing facility. Reports shall
be stored as per the user's requirement.

The building automation system shall permit automatic performance of the operations
for starting and stopping various equipment of the air-conditioning and ventilation
system according to the day, date and time. There shall be provision for automatic
start-up of the plant at power return. It shall facilitate running critical equipment
during power failure/crisis and can priority handle between programs.

The dynamic graphic display unit shall present constantly updated dynamic pictures
of the plant and parameters of the equipment status on schematic diagrams and floor
plans to give the operator an overall view. It shall also have the following features:

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PROPOSED ICOMC & BMC Building Complex
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 Operator defined graphic views and command entry options


 Operator defined alarm-handling features
 Scheduling of commands, activities and reports
 Graphic control of status displays and commands
 Data and set point modification capabilities
 Generation of variety of reports
 Start/stop of equipment through key board/mouse

The energy management features shall include the following:


 Automatic adjustment of the Temperature level through Variable air volume units.
 Optimum Start/Stop: Automatic start up of the air-conditioning plant at the start of
the day in such a way that the desired comfort levels are achieved by the time the
occupancy period commences. Similarly the plant shall be automatically stopped at
such a time to ensure that the lowest acceptable comfort level will not have been
reached until just preceding the end of the occupancy period.
 Use of time and event programs in order to minimize the energy consumption.
 Energy and capacity monitoring of the Chillers.

 Duty cycling for periodic switching-off of the equipment without detriment to comfort
levels.

 DDC Control and PLC Function:


Automatic keeping of analogue process values at the required level by
implementing automatic control algorithms and automatic performance of the
logical and conditional switching operations for Start and Stop of the plant.

 Time functions & Event Programs:


The starting and stopping of the equipment or event programs shall be according
to the time and date and running of logical and conditional switching programs
will be based on the status changes.

 Power failure & return:


There shall be pre-programmed automatic start up of the equipment on power
return in the sequential manner once the power is restored to prevent power

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surges and equipment damage.

 Alarm Suppression:
The locking-out of alarms from in-operative equipment or during start up.
 Parameters Reset:
The adjustment of set point to the highest possible level say for example increasing
the chilled water supply temperature shall still meet the system cooling and
dehumidifying requirements.

 Plant Capacity Evaluation:


The capacity of the air conditioning plant shall be evaluated based on the water
flow and temperature. The power consumption can also be evaluated and logged
on continuous basis.

 Sequencing of Equipment:
The equipment such as Compressor and Pumps shall be operated sequentially
so as to have uniform wear and tear.

 Data Logging And Storage:


The data shall be measured periodically, stored in the hard disk and retrieved
when required.The necessary reports shall be generated using the recorded
parameters.
The following parameters shall be measured:
a) Dry bulb temperature and relative humidity in all critical areas.
b) Outside temperature and humidity
c) Inlet and outlet chilled water temperature of Chillers and air handling units
d) Power consumed by Chillers

2. Reports And Charts:


Following reports shall be generated:
 Summary of room temperature and humidity and outside temperature and humidity.

 Selection of summary of alarms for High/Low suction or discharge pressure of


compressor, trip of anti freeze thermostat, oil pressure safety switch, chilled water
flow switch, air handling unit flow switch, fire damper closure and operation of fire/
smoke sensor.

 Summary of hour run recorded once every hour and selection.

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 Summary of chilled water inlet and outlet temperature of Chiller.

 Chilled water temperature in supply header.

The system shall record the number of hours of run, the number of hours of break
down, the number of alarm situations that occurred on the Compressors, Pumps
and Air handling units. The time and date of occurrence of the break down,
alarms and the time and date when the equipment in question was put back into
operation shall also be recorded.

 System Integrity:
The modularity of the system shall offer a high degree of immunity from various
effects of break down. The failure of any one module shall not affect the
operation of other modules connected to the same controller. The failure of any
one controller shall not affect the operation of other controllers connected to the
same ring. The failure of any one ring shall not affect the operation of other rings.
Inputs and outputs to and from peripheral devices shall be backed up on other
peripherals in the event of failure of one device. In the case of complete failure,
the air-conditioning system can be operated manually.

 Chiller Control:
There shall be a Plant Manger for the automation of the Chiller. The integrator of
the Building Automation System shall capture the data from the Chiller plant
manager.

 Control of AHU’s: This is in tenant scope.


However Chilled water flow shall modulate based on return air temperature input
(sensor provided by tenant). Necessary control valve is provided in the return
chilled water line by developer.

3.0 Tenant Billing System


Air-conditioning capacity (KW of cooling or tons of refrigeration) shall be calculated by
measuring the flow rate of chilled water and the temperature differential in the flow of
the each outlet / tapping. Below Fig shows typical arrangement of BTU Meter in
chilled water piping system.

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BTU Meter comprises of following three main components.


 Flow sensor/meter (for measuring and recording water consumption.
 2 nos. of matched high accuracy temperature sensor.
 Integrator with display designed to measure, calculate a& record Cooling
energy and also transfer the info to the main integrator or third party BMS
system.

Considering the entire building as multi-tenanted, following are the areas proposed to
locate these meters.

1. All CHW tappings in AHU room – Meter along with all accessories shall be
located in the return chilled water line.

2. Chilled water main Header – Meter along with all accessories shall be located in
the chiller outlet line.

Total energy at the chiller outlet can be measured and consumtion can be measured
summing up all the AHU room BTU meters. Considering factor of loss across the
chilled water line and total Electrical Energy consumed for AC plant, each end-user

would be charged with a agreed tariff accordingly.

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4.0 SCOPE MATRIX:

BASE BUILDING INTERIOR


Sl.No. SYSTEM MONITOR CONTROL MONITOR CONTROL
HVAC
Water Cooled
1 YES YES NO NO
Chillers
2 Primary Pumps YES YES NO NO

3 Secondary Pumps YES YES NO NO

4 Condenser Pumps YES YES NO NO

5 Cooling towers YES YES NO NO

6 Air Handling Units YES NO YES YES


Staircase
7 YES NO NO NO
Pressurization fans
8 Ventilation units YES YES NO NO
Basement
9 YES NO NO NO
ventilation system
Tenant Billing
10 YES YES NO NO
system
11 PHE Pumps YES NO NO NO

12 Electrical systems YES NO NO NO

13 FIRE Pumps YES NO NO NO

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BASEMENT VENTILATION SYSTEM

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7.BASEMENT VENTILATION SYSTEM

Basement exhaust system is proposed with following objective:


 Pollution control from vehicle emissions
 For Air washing
 Smoke extract (in case of fire)
 To adhere to Building regulations

The minimum air changes for the exhaust air system are 8 air changes per hour for Normal, &
30 air changes per hour for Fire Mode running . The fresh air intake shall be through the
ramps and Cutouts available in the basements.

The air from the basement shall be exhausted through the shaft provided within the
Basement. This shaft will be 1.5 mtr above the ground level with louvers provided on either
side of the shaft with the top of the shaft being covered in order to avoid any rain water
pilferage into the shaft.

The system will run at full capacity during Fire and smoke accident which is possible by
interlocking the Exhaust fan/ PLC panel with the fire panel.

It has been planned to ventilate the entire basement through available ramps & only forced

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exhaust system is envisaged for the above said purpose. After getting signal from Fire Alarm
CO sensor will trigger the fan to run . Fans can withstand 250 degree C for 2 hours.

CO Sensor for ducted & ductless system will shown in the drawing , (Based on the CFD
analysis Co sensor to be located – CFD analysis will be under vendor scope of work)

The above system can be done with the jet vent system and ducted system. During our
further study we shall bring our recommendation after comparing both the systems.
In the event of fire, to extract the smoke at a faster rate, fans shall be operated at maximum
speed.

Fresh air intake basement should be provided with 2.5 % of openings which includes the
openings of stair case and the ramps

ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS VENTILATION SYSTEMS


DUCTLESS - JET VENT SYSTEM
 The proposed system consists of forced ventilation and forced exhaust.
 Vehicle entrance / exit ramps, and louvered cut-outs shall be utilized as the main
source of fresh air into the car park for the basements
 The polluted air shall be extracted from the basement through jet vent fans mounted
at strategic locations (final fan locations to be decided on CFD analysis , based on
the CFD analysis Co sensor to be located ) through “Transfer of momentum” principle
and exhausted into the atmosphere. During normal operation the Jet fans shall
operate at first lower speed
 During emergency mode both the main extractor fans shall operate together for
smoke extraction, and the jet fans shall operate at second high speed to create
smoke free escape to occupants. The necessary interlocks shall be provided from fire
panel for emergency mode operation of the fire-affected zone and to switch of the
rest of other zone fans.
Advantages
 Jet fans mounted to distribute airflow around the car park
 Control panel located in safe area.
 Similar to longitudinal tunnel ventilation (momentum transfer principle)

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 Jet fans fully assembled for easy and faster installation


 High / low speed operation possible
 System selected based on CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) analysis to have
complete ventilation without stagnant areas. This analyses air speed profiles, velocity
profiles and animations.

Dis-Advantages
 First cost of the system is marginally more compared to ducted system (In some
cases it is almost equal to cost of ducted system)

RECOMMENDATION

Following are the Benefits of Jet Fan over Ducted system which concludes the
recommendation of the system.

 Though the initial investment cost in case of Ducted system is less, the operational cost
is high compared to the jet fan system
 Hassle free basement in case of Jet Fan system since there is no huge duct running
across the basement and hence better height available for other Services to run in the
basement.
 Reduces obstructions within the car park, potentially increasing space for parking/building
rental and making the installation of other services easier.
 The elimination of ductwork from the car park significantly reduces system resistance.
Main fans can therefore, be selected at lower speed reducing absorbed power, running cost
and noise levels.
 The effectiveness of the ventilation system is analyzed and optimized using CFD,
providing improved operation for the control of pollution and smoke.
 Monitoring of air quality (pollution levels) means that the ventilation system is only
operated on demand, further reducing absorbed power.

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 A more detailed approach to the ventilation system based on project specific


requirements.
 Hence we strongly recommend from the above to opt for Jet Fan system of Ventilation.
With this we recommend to go with Ductless Jet Vent Car Park ventilation system.

Photos: JET VENT SYSTEM

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Client to confirm :

 Corridors are to be done with centralised AC , plz confirm since


most of the window/ventilator openings are available in the
common areas like lobby , staircases & toilet core .
 Last 4no upper floors also to be connected with central colling
system – plz confirm , since it is letting out for lease/rent space .
also confirm High side is BMC scope ??.

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