PV Systems course

1. Introduction to PV Systems PVMD

Delft University of Technology
 Outline - I

1. Introduction to ET4378
▪ Team, affiliation, PV Profile
▪ Concept of the PV Systems course
▪ Schedule of the course
▪ Learning objectives and assessment

2. Introduction to PV Systems
▪ PV generation in electricity networks
▪ PV System components
▪ Types of PV Systems

2
1 Introduction
to ET4378
 PV Systems course team

Olindo Hesan Juan Camilo Andres

Isabella Ziar Ortiz Lizcano Calcabrini

Lecturer Instructor Instructor Instructor

Office: LB 03.480 Office: LB 03.430 Office: LB 02.500 Office: LB 03.390
Phone: 81947 Phone: 88906 Phone: 81651 Phone: 88905
o.isabella@tudelft.nl h.ziar@tudelft.nl J.C.OrtizLizcano@tudelft.nl a.calcabrini-1@tudelft.nl

4
 Our affiliation

❖ University
Delft University of Technology (TUDelft)

❖ Faculty
Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science (EEMCS)

❖ Department
Electrical Sustainable Energy (ESE)

❖ Group
Photovoltaic Materials and Devices (PVMD)

5
 Education Foreknowledge

❖ PV profile
▪ PV Basics (Q2)
▪ PV Technologies (Q3)
▪ PV Systems (Q4)
▪ PV Practical Course (Q4/Q5) ET4376 (Q2) ET4377 (Q3)
▪ PV Materials Processing &
Characterization (Q5)

Foreknowledge

ET4378 (Q4) ET4379 (Q4/Q1)

6
 Education

❖ PV profile
▪ PV Basics (Q2)
▪ PV Technologies (Q3)
▪ PV Systems (Q4)
▪ PV Practical Course (Q4/Q5)
▪ PV Materials Processing &
Characterization (Q5)

❖ Core subject
▪ SET master track
▪ EE master track
▪ EPE master track

7
 Concept of the PV Systems cours
What have these PV Systems in common?

8
 Concept of the PV Systems cours

(*)
The design process
Yield prediction Financial aspects

c-Si
CIGS
CIS
CdTe Topologies of PV Systems
thin-film Si
… Balance of System

PV System
Location
issues

9
 Schedule: Lectures
Tuesdays 15h45 – 17h30, EWI Lecture Hall Boole

Lecture I Lecture III Lecture V Lecture VII Lecture IX Lecture XI Lecture XIII

Introduction to Topologies of PV PV systems PV systems PV System Design of Issues and

PV Systems Systems components: components: components: DC- grid-connected challenges in
Modules #1 MPP trackers DC converters PV systems PV Systems

Lecture II Lecture IV Lecture VI Lecture VIII Lecture X Lecture XII Lecture XIV

Location Design rules and PV systems PV Systems PV System Design of Financial aspects
Issues yield prediction components: components: components: DC- off-grid of PV Systems
Modules #2 Cables and AC converters PV systems
batteries

10
 Schedule: Instructions
Wednesdays 13h45 – 15h30, AP FelS-Studio Classroom 2

Instruction I Instruction II Instruction III Instruction IV Instruction V Instruction VI Instruction VII

Guidelines Panel orientation PV plants MPP tracking Converters Load profile Presentation
for report Sessions
Geographical Solar modules Cables and Inverters Area and #1, #2
CAD packages survey and arrays batteries system type

Important
▪ Instruction I: formation of 3-person teams
▪ Instruction VII: Location to be announced
▪ Instructions attendance not compulsory
▪ Report submission is compulsory for exam registration
11
 Schedule: Exams

Required knowledge from: …

syllabus, sheets, books and articles
Exam Exam (re-sit)
DW-TZ 2 CT-IZ 4.98
13h30 – 16h30 CT-IZ 4.99
9h00 – 12h00

❖ Important
▪ Be aware of the strict admission policy: register on time!
▪ Students will be required to show an exam ticket AND a campus card AND have
successfully passed the Instruction VII to gain access to the exam.
▪ An exam ticket is a the official proof of registration for an exam.
▪ You may contact examdesk@tudelft.nl for examination registrations and cancellations as
well as surveillanten@tudelft.nl for questions about invigilators.
12
 Ideal horizon

13
 Less ideal horizon

14
 Realistic urban horizon

South
South

15
 Comprehensive energy yield modelling
Sun PV modules database
Wind speed, G,
Position and Meteo data Shape and
Cloud coverage,
components materials
Temperature, ...
G properties
Fluid-dynamic model1,2 of the module
GAOI
SF, SVF, VF*

Mounting Orientation-dependent3
Location issues
configuration DC power SNL4 inverter model
Advanced Horicatching
model2
Mutual shading Energy yield
Ground Cover Ratio
SOC
▪ SF = Shading Factor
▪ SVF = Sky View Factor Battery model DC-to-AC conversion
▪ VF = View Factor
▪ G = Measured irradiance
[1] M. K. Fuentes, Sandia National Laboratories (1987)
▪ GAOI = Irradiance on the Angle Of Incidence [2] A. H. M. Smets, et al., Solar Energy, UIT Cambridge (2016)
▪ SOC = State Of Charge [3] O. Isabella, et al., Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 1771 (2015)
16 [4] https://sam.nrel.gov/content/component-databases
 Learning objectives of the course

17
 Learning objectives of the course
❖ Determine optimal PV panels orientation from geographical survey

Unfortunately…

… life is more complicated than that!

18
 Learning objectives of the course
❖ Determine optimal PV panels orientation from geographical survey
❖ Compare between different PV systems topologies

19
 Learning objectives of the course
❖ Determine optimal PV panels orientation from geographical survey
❖ Compare between different PV systems topologies
❖ Calculate the energy yield of a PV system

20
 Learning objectives of the course
❖ Determine optimal PV panels orientation from geographical survey
❖ Compare between different PV systems topologies
❖ Calculate the energy yield of a PV system
❖ Identify different types of solar modules…
… and other components used in PV systems

21
 Learning objectives of the course
❖ Determine optimal PV panels orientation from geographical survey
❖ Compare between different PV systems topologies
❖ Calculate the energy yield of a PV system
❖ Identify different types of solar modules…
… and other components used in PV systems
❖ Justify the importance of bypass diodes …
… and power conversion in PV systems

22
 Learning objectives of the course
❖ Determine optimal PV panels orientation from geographical survey
❖ Compare between different PV systems topologies
❖ Calculate the energy yield of a PV system
❖ Identify different types of solar modules…
… and other components used in PV systems
❖ Justify the importance of bypass diodes …
… and power conversion in PV systems
❖ Analyse different power tracking methods

23
 Learning objectives of the course
❖ Determine optimal PV panels orientation from geographical survey
❖ Compare between different PV systems topologies
❖ Calculate the energy yield of a PV system
❖ Identify different types of solar modules…
… and other components used in PV systems
❖ Justify the importance of bypass diodes …
… and power conversion in PV systems
❖ Analyse different power tracking methods
❖ Design PV systems for different applications and estimate the cost

24
 Learning objectives of the course
❖ Determine optimal PV panels orientation from geographical survey
❖ Compare between different PV systems topologies
❖ Calculate the energy yield of a PV system
❖ Identify different types of solar modules…
… and other components used in PV systems
❖ Justify the importance of bypass diodes …
… and power conversion in PV systems
❖ Analyse different power tracking methods
❖ Design PV systems for different applications and estimate the cost
❖ Defend the goodness of your PV System design
25
 Assessment (1/2)
❖ Instructions
▪ Attendance of Instructions I – VI is not compulsory
▪ Assignments given during lectures are not compulsory and are not assessed
▪ Attendance of Instruction VII is compulsory for accruing 4 ECTS

❖ Report
▪ Compulsory for exam attendance
▪ Guidelines / template / example will be made available by Instruction I
▪ Delivered within Sunday, 3 June 2018
▪ Report score (SR) is between 1 and 10 and is the average of three areas:
o Structure
o Scientific content
o Discussion
▪ If SR < 5.75, the team FAILS. This entails that:
o Team’s members cannot sit at the first sit
o Team’s members can submit an improved report before the second sit
o Team’s report is re-evaluated before the second sit (date to be communicated)
26
 Assessment (2/2)
❖ Oral presentation
▪ Compulsory for exam attendance
▪ Each member of the team has to give a number of slides
▪ Presentation score (SP) is between 1 and 10 and is the average of three areas:
o Scientific content
o Structure / timing / presentation skills
o Defense
▪ No-show equals to SP = 0

❖ Exam
▪ The exam score (SE) will be between 1 and 10

❖ Final grade = 0.25 · SR + 0.15 · SP + 0.60 · SE

27
 Material for study
❖ Books
▪ Solar Energy – The physics and engineering of
photovoltaic conversion, technologies and systems
(paper version and free e-book can be bought here)
▪ Practical Handbook of Photovoltaics - Fundamental
and Applications (Second Edition, available in TUDelft
Library: http://www.library.tudelft.nl/en/)

❖ Scientific papers ❖ PV Systems MOOC

▪ Referenced for in-depth study and analysis

❖ Internet
▪ PV Resources (http://www.pvresources.com/)
▪ PVGIS (http://re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/pvgis/)
▪ Sandia National Laboratories PVPerformance (https://pvpmc.sandia.gov/)
▪ Dutch PV Portal 2.0 (http://www.tudelft.nl/pvp2)
▪ Datasheets of products, Wikipedia, WolframAlpha, …
28
2 Introduction
to PV Systems
 Past Electricity Network
Factory
House
Centralized and monodirectional
distribution

Utility pole
Power plant:
- Thermal
- Nuclear
- Hydro-electric Transmission line
220 V

Substation
<10 kV
Increasing distance
50-150 kV Decreasing voltage
~400 kV
30
 Solar Energy, a renewable source
Annual solar
PV plants: energy potential
23000 TW
• Silent
• Emission-free
• Low-maintenance

PV power is decentralized peak power World

consumption
• Generated where it is used 16 TW
• Key player in the energy mix

31 Source: S. Cloete, September 2016, http://energypost.eu/reality-check-renewable-energy-potential/

 Future Electricity Network
Factory House

Decentralized and bidirectional

distribution
Utility pole

Transmission line
Power plant
Solar and wind
Substation farms

~400 kV
32
 Classification of PV Systems

PV systems

Stand-alone system Grid-connected

system
Without storage With storage Hybrid systems
Directly connected
Appliances to the grid
… with wind
turbine
Small Connected to the
applications grid via household
… with
AC stand-alone cogeneration
systems engine

DC stand-alone … with diesel

systems generator
33
 Components of PV Systems May contain logic
for maximum power
point tracking

Battery Charge DC load

controller

Solar modules
DC/AC
inverter AC load
PV panels PV System
DC-DC
By-pass
converter
diodes
Mounting Cables
frames
Co-generator
Balance of System (BoS)

34
World’s largest solar-powered bridge:
Blackfriars Bridge, London, UK