Math 111: Summary of Trigonometric Identities

Reciprocal Identities
1 1 1
sin θ = cos θ = tan θ =
csc θ sec θ cot θ
1 1 1
csc θ = sec θ = cot θ =
sin θ cos θ tan θ

Quotient Identities Pythagorean Identities Even/Odd Identities

sin θ sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1 sin(−θ) = − sin θ csc(−θ) = − csc θ

tan θ =
cos θ
tan2 θ + 1 = sec2 θ cos(−θ) = cos θ sec(−θ) = sec θ
cos θ
cot θ = 2
1 + cot θ = csc θ 2 tan(−θ) = − tan θ cot(−θ) = − cot θ
sin θ

Cofunction Identities
π  π  π 
sin − θ = cos θ cos − θ = sin θ tan − θ = cot θ
2 2 2
π  π  π 
csc − θ = sec θ sec − θ = csc θ cot − θ = tan θ
2 2 2
Sum and Difference Formulas
tan α + tan β
sin(α + β) = sin α cos β + sin β cos α tan(α + β) =
1 − tan α tan β
sin(α − β) = sin α cos β − sin β cos α
cos(α + β) = cos α cos β − sin α sin β tan α − tan β
tan(α − β) =
1 + tan α tan β
cos(α − β) = cos α cos β + sin α sin β

Double Angle Identities Power Reducing Identities Half Angle Identities

sin 2θ = 2 sin θ cos θ 1 − cos 2θ

r
sin2 θ = θ 1 − cos θ
2 sin = ±
2 tan θ 2 2
tan 2θ = 1 + cos 2θ
1 − tan2 θ
r
cos2 θ = θ 1 + cos θ
2 cos = ±
cos 2θ = cos2 θ − sin2 θ 2 2
1 − cos 2θ
= 2 cos2 θ − 1 tan2 θ = θ 1 − cos θ sin θ
1 + cos 2θ tan = =
2 sin θ 1 + cos θ
= 1 − 2 sin2 θ

Sum to Product Identities

Product to Sum Identities    
α+β α−β
sin α + sin β = 2 sin cos
1h i 2 2
sin α sin β = cos(α − β) − cos(α + β)
2
   
α+β α−β
1h i sin α − sin β = 2 cos sin
cos α cos β = cos(α − β) + cos(α + β) 2 2
2
1h
   
α+β α−β
i
sin α cos β = sin(α − β) + sin(α + β) cos α + cos β = 2 cos cos
2 2 2
   
α+β α−β
cos α − cos β = −2 sin sin
2 2