Problem 1 Solution 1.

a
A timber has a circular cross section having Given:
a diameter of 250 mm. it has a simple span
of 4m. 𝑓𝑣 = 1.73 MPa,

Allowable stresses of wood are as follows: 𝑓𝑏 = 16.5 MPa

1
Shearing stress parallel to the grain, 𝑓𝑣 = y = 240(L)
1.73 MPa 1
y = 240 (4) = 0.0166667m
Bending stress, 𝑓𝑣 = 16.5 MPa
𝜋(𝑟 4 ) 𝜋(0.1254 )
1 I= =
Allowable deflection = 240 of span 4 4

Modulus of elasticity of wood = 7.31 GPa I = 1.917475 X 10−4 𝑚4

a. Calculate the maximum uniform load so

that the allowable shear stress parallel to the
grain is not exceeded?
b. Calculate the maximum uniform load so
that the allowable bending stress is not
exceeded?
c. Calculate the maximum uniform load so
that the allowable deflection is not
exceeded?

𝑄𝑉
𝑓𝑣 = 𝐼𝑏

Q =Ay
𝜋(𝐷 2 )
Q= (𝑦)
4(2)

𝜋(𝐷 2 ) 4𝑟
Q= (3𝜋)
4(2)

𝜋(0.2502 ) 4(0.125)
Q= ( )
4(2) 3𝜋

Q = 1.302083 X 10−3 𝑚3
= 4m
 𝑄𝑉
𝑓𝑣 = 𝐼𝑏
(𝑓𝑣 )(𝐼)(𝑏) Solution 1.c
V= 𝑄 −5𝑊𝐿4
𝐾𝑁
y= 384 𝐸𝐼
(1.73 X 103 3 )(1.917475 X 10−4 𝑚4 )(0.250𝑚)
𝑚
V= 1
1.302083 X 10−3 𝑚3 y = 240 (4) = 0.0166667m
V = 63.69089862 KN 384𝑦𝐸𝐼
W= 5𝐿4

𝑊𝐿 W=
V= 𝐾𝑁
384(0.0166667m)(7.31 X 106 2 )(1.917475 X 10−4 𝑚4 )
2 𝑚
2𝑉 5(4)4
W= 𝐿 𝐊𝐍
W= 7.008385142
2(63.69089862 KN) 𝐦
W= 4𝑚
𝑲𝑵
W=31.84544 Problem 2
𝒎

The T-section shown is formed by joining

two rectangular pieces of wood together.
Solution 1.b
The 5m simple beam is loaded with 10
𝑀𝑐 KN/m uniformly distributed throughout its
𝑓𝑏 = 𝐼 span (self-weight not included). Unit weight
𝑓𝑏 𝐼 KN
M= of wood is 7.5 3
𝑐 𝑚

𝑓𝑏 = 16.5 𝑀𝑃𝑎 a. Calculate the moment of the inertia

about the neutral axis?
I = 1.917475 X 10−4 𝑚4 b. Calculate the shearing stress at the
c=radius neutral axis?
c. Calculate the shearing stress at the
c=0.125m junction between two pieces of
𝑓𝑏 𝐼 wood?
M= 𝑐
16.5 𝑋 103 (1.917475 X 10−4 𝑚4 )
M= 0.125𝑚

M = 25.3106 KN.m
𝑊𝐿2
M= 8
8𝑀
W= 𝐿2
8(25.3106)
W= 42
𝐊𝐍
W= 12.6553 𝐦
Solution 2.a

Finding the location of the centroid;

𝑏𝑑3
𝐼𝑥𝑜 = + 𝐴𝑑2
12
(0.2)(0.040)3
𝐼𝑥𝑜 = + (0.2)(0.040)(0.014)2 +
12
(0.020)(0.1)3
+ (0.020)(0.1)(0.056)2
12

𝑰𝒙𝒐 = 1.0573333 X 𝟏𝟎−𝟓 𝒎𝟒

Solution 2.b
𝐴𝑇 (ý) = 𝐴1 (𝑦1 ) + 𝐴2 (𝑦2 ) 𝑄𝑉
𝑓𝑣 = 𝐼𝑏
𝐴1 = 0.002 𝑚2
𝐴2 = 0.008 𝑚2
Q=Ay
𝐴𝑇 = 𝐴1 + 𝐴2
0.034
Q=(0.034)(0.2)( )
𝐴𝑇 = 0.01𝑚2 2

0.01𝑚2 (ý) = 0.002 𝑚2 (0.050 𝑚) + 0.008 Q=1.156 X 10−4 𝑚3

𝑚2 (120𝑚𝑚)
ý = 0.106𝑚 KN KN
𝑊𝑇 = 10 𝑚3 +(7.5 𝑚3 )[(0.2)(0.040) +
(0.020)(0.1)]
KN KN
𝑊𝑇 = 10 𝑚3 +(0.075 𝑚3 )
KN
𝑊𝑇 = 10 .075 𝑚3
 𝑊𝐿
𝑉= 2
KN V = 25.1875 KN
(10 .075 3 )(5𝑚)
𝑚
𝑉= 2 𝐼𝑥𝑜 = 1.0573333 X 10−5 𝑚4
V = 25.1875 KN b = 0.020m
b = 0.2m 𝑄𝑉
𝑓𝑣 = 𝐼𝑏

(1.6 X 10−4 𝑚3 )(25.1875 KN)

𝑄𝑉 𝑓𝑣 = (1.0573333 X 10−5 𝑚4 )(0.020m)
𝑓𝑣 = 𝐼𝑏
𝒇𝒗 =19.057 MPa
(1.156 X 10−4 𝑚3 )(25.1875 KN)
𝑓𝑣 =
(1.0573333 X 10−5 𝑚4 )(0.2m)

𝒇𝒗 =1.37689 MPa

Solution 2.c

Q=Ay
0.040
Q=(0.040)(0.2)( )
2

Q=1.6X 10−4 𝑚3
Problem 3 Solutions:
𝐾𝑛
A rectangular wooden beam has a span of 6 𝑀𝐶 6𝑀 𝑊𝐿2 (25
𝑚
)(6𝑚)2
m. And carries a total uniform load of 25 a.) 𝑓𝑏 = 𝐼 = 𝑏𝑑2 ; M = =
8 8
kN/m including its own weight. The beam is = 112.5 Kn-m
made up of 80% stress grade Apitong with
6(112.5 𝐾𝑛−𝑚)
allowable stresses shown below. 16.5 x 103 KN/𝑚2 = 𝑏𝑑2
Allowable Stress for Apitong 80%
Stress Grade: b𝑑 2 = 0.04090909091 𝑚3
(1000𝑚𝑚)3
Allowable bending = 16.5 b𝑑 2 = 40909090.91 𝑚𝑚3
Mpa  Using trial and error
Compression parallel to grain o 220 x 𝟒𝟒𝟎𝟐 =
= 9.56 MPa 42592000 𝒎𝒎𝟑
(answer)
Compression perpendicular o 220 x 5502 =
to grain = 2.20 MPa 66550000 𝑚𝑚3
Shear parallel to grain = 1.73 o 220 x 6602 =
MPa 95832000 𝑚𝑚3
o 220 x 7702 =
Modulus of elasticity = 7310 130438000 𝑚𝑚3
Mpa
𝐿 𝐾𝑛
𝑉𝑄 3𝑉 𝑊𝐿 (25 )(6𝑚)
Allowable deflection = 240 b.) 𝑓𝑣 = 𝐼𝑏 = 2𝑏𝑑 ; V = = 𝑚
=
2 2
a. Which of the following gives the 75 Kn
smallest dimension of beam that will
3(75 𝐾𝑛)
not exceed the allowable bending 1.73 x 103 KN/𝑚2 = 2𝑏𝑑
stress?
a. 220 x 440mm b. 220 x bd = 0.06502890173 𝑚2
550mm c. 220 x 660mm (1000𝑚𝑚)2
d. 220 x 770 mm bd = 65028.90173 𝑚𝑚2
b. Which of the following gives the
smallest dimension of the beam that  Using trial and error
will not exceed the allowable o 150 x 300 = 45000
shearing stress? 𝑚𝑚2
a. 150 x 300mm b. 200 x o 200 x 400 = 80000
400mm c. 2200x 500mm d. 250 x 𝒎𝒎𝟐 (answer)
500mm o 220 x 500 = 110000
𝑚𝑚2
c. Which of the following gives smallest o 250 x 500 = 125000
dimension of the beam that will not 𝑚𝑚2
exceed the allowable deflection?
5𝑊𝐿4
a. 300 x 500mm b. 220 x c.) y = 384𝐸𝐼
440mm c. 250 x 500mm 300
x 500mm
 𝐾𝑛 6𝑀
6𝑚 5 (25 )(6𝑚)4 13.8 x 103 KN/𝑚2 = (0.1𝑚)(0.2𝑚)2
𝑚
= (384)( 𝐾𝑛 𝑏𝑑3
240 (7310 𝑥 103 2 )( )
𝑚 12
M = 9.2 Kn-m
𝑏𝑑3 = 0.02770177839 𝑚4
(1000𝑚𝑚)4
𝑏𝑑3 = 2.7702 x 1010 𝑚𝑚4 For Yakal:

 Using trial and error

o 300 x 5003 = 3.75 x 𝑓𝑏 =
𝑀𝐶 6𝑀
= 𝑏𝑑2
1010 𝑚𝑚4 𝐼

o 220 x 4403 = 1.8740 19.3 x 103 KN/𝑚2 =

6(9.2 Kn−m)
x 1010 𝑚𝑚4 𝑏𝑑2

o 250 x 𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟑 = 3.125 x b𝑑 2 = 2.860103627 x 10−3 𝑚3

𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟎 𝒎𝒎𝟒 (answer) (1000𝑚𝑚)3
o 300 x 5003 = 3.75 x
1010 𝑚𝑚4 b𝑑 2 = 2860103.627 𝑚𝑚3
 Using trial and error
o 50 x 2002 =
Problem 4 2000000 𝑚𝑚3
Determine the most economical commercial o 75 x 2002 =
size of a Yakal beam which can replace a 3000000 𝑚𝑚3
100mm x 200mm Apitong beam. The o 50 x 𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟐 =
allowable bending stress for Apitong and 3125000 𝒎𝒎𝟑
Yakal are 13.8 MPa and 19.3 MPa, (answer)
respectively. Assume lateral stability is not a o 75 x 2502 =
problem. 4687500 𝑚𝑚3
NOTE:
Given: Only one of the four sections
exceed to the allowable bending
Allowable bending stress of Apitong stress. Whereas, the smallest
= 13.8 MPa dimension from the three section is
Allowable bending stress of Yakal = 50mm x 250mm. Most economical
19.3 Mpa cross-section or most efficient section
(MES) requires a least cost of
Dimension of Apitong beam = 100 x materials. Therefore, a small area for
200mm a cross-section is the most
economical. Thus, the dimension
must be 50mm x 250mm.
Solution:
For Apitong:
𝑀𝐶 6𝑀
𝑓𝑏 = 𝐼
= 𝑏𝑑2
 Lc /d>K
22.256826 > 12.45
There for it is a long column
Problem 5
Calculate the axial load p capacity of the
given hinged circulation column with
diameter of 200mm. the column is made of
apitong wood with the following properties:
0.30𝑒 0.30(7310)
Fc = 𝑙𝑒 = 4000 2
=4.30568)
Given: ( )^2
𝑑 ( )
177.24

Fc = 9.56 MPa (parallel to grain) a.) Finding the allowable

C= 2.20 MPa (perpendicular to axial load
grain) P=AFc
E =7310 MPa 𝑁
P = 177.242 Fc(4.3056 𝑚𝑚2)
Kc =0.50
P =135.258 KN
Solution:
Effective column length Le = KeL
Le = effective length oh column
Ke= buckling factor
L = span
D2=3.1415D2 /4
D= 177.24mm
 Trying the short column
When Lc /d =11 or less
4000/177.24 =22.56826
Lc /d > 11 ; thus it is not ok
 Trying the intermediate columns
Lc /d > 11 but less than K
𝐸 7310
𝑘 = 0.671√Fc =o.671√ 9.56
=12.450157
Lc /d > 11 ; thus it is not ok
 Trying long column