HW2 Kinematics

Answer CLOSE
Chapter 02, Problem 01
The Space Shuttle travels at a speed of about 6.87 x 103 m/s. The blink of an astronaut's eye lasts about 107 ms.
How many football fields (length = 91.4 m) does the Space Shuttle cover in the blink of an eye?
Number 8.042560175055 Units No units
Copyright © 2000-2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. or related companies. All rights reserved.
Solution CLOSE

REASONING The distance traveled by the Space Shuttle is equal to its speed multiplied by the time. The number
of football fields is equal to this distance divided by the length L of one football field.
SOLUTION The number of football fields is
Answer CLOSE
Chapter 02, Problem 02 GO
For each of the three pairs of positions listed in the following table, determine the magnitude and direction
(positive or negative) of the displacement.
(a) Displacement = Number 3.20 Units
(b) Displacement = Number -4.80 Units m
(c) Displacement = Number 10.0 Units m
Solution CLOSE

REASONING The displacement is a vector that points from an object’s initial position to its final position. If the
final position is greater than the initial position, the displacement is positive. On the other hand, if the final
position is less than the initial position, the displacement is negative. (a) The final position is greater than the
initial position, so the displacement will be positive. (b) The final position is less than the initial position, so the
displacement will be negative. (c) The final position is greater than the initial position, so the displacement will be
positive.
SOLUTION The displacement is defined as Displacement = x – x0, where x is the final position and x0 is the initial
position. The displacements for the three cases are:
(a) Displacement = 5.50 m - 2.30 m =
(b) Displacement = 1.60 m - 6.40 m =
(c) Displacement = 6.60 m - (- 3.40 m) =
Answer CLOSE

Due to continental drift, the North American and European continents are drifting apart at an average speed of
about 3 cm per year. At this speed, how long (in years) will it take for them to drift apart by another 386.6 m?
Number 12886.666666666668 Units years
Solution CLOSE

REASONING The average speed is the distance traveled divided by the elapsed time. Since the average speed
and distance are known, we can use this relation to find the time.
SOLUTION The time it takes for the continents to drift apart by 1500 m is
Answer CLOSE
The data in the following table describe the initial and final positions of a moving car. The elapsed time for each of
the three pairs of positions listed in the table is 0.53 s. Review the concept of average velocity in Section 2.2 and
then determine the average velocity (magnitude and direction) for each of the three pairs. Note that the algebraic
sign of your answers will convey the direction.
(a) =
+ 7.169811320755 m/s
(b) = - 7.735849056604 m/s
(c) = + 19.622641509434 m/s
Solution CLOSE
REASONING According to , the average velocity is equal to the displacement divided by
the elapsed time , and the direction of the average velocity is the same as that of the displacement. The
displacement is equal to the difference between the final and initial positions.
SOLUTION The average velocity is
Therefore, the average velocities for the three cases are:

(a) Average velocity = (5.6 m - 1.8m)/(0.53 s) =
(b) Average velocity = (2.4 m - 6.5m)/(0.53 s) =
(c) Average velocity = [7.0 m - (- 3.4m)]/(0.53 s) =
The algebraic sign of the answer conveys the direction in each case.
Answer CLOSE

A tourist being chased by an angry bear is running in a straight line toward his car at a speed of 3.64 m/s. The car
is a distance d away. The bear is 19.8 m behind the tourist and running at 5.17 m/s. The tourist reaches the car
safely. What is the maximum possible value for d?
Number 47.105882352941 Units m
Solution CLOSE
REASONING In order for the bear to catch the tourist over the distance d, the bear must reach the car at the
same time as the tourist. During the time t that it takes for the tourist to reach the car, the bear must travel a
total distance of d + 19.8m. From ,
(1) and (2)
Equations (1) and (2) can be solved simultaneously to find d.
SOLUTION Solving Equation (1) for t and substituting into Equation (2), we find
Solving for d yields:
Answer CLOSE
A motorcycle has a constant acceleration of 4.00 m/s2. Both the velocity and acceleration of the motorcycle point
in the same direction. How much time is required for the motorcycle to change its speed from (a)29.1 to 39.1
m/s, and (b)59.1 to 69.1 m/s?
(a) Number 2.5 Units s
(b) Number 2.5 Units s
Solution CLOSE
REASONING Since the velocity and acceleration of the motorcycle point in the same direction, their numerical
values will have the same algebraic sign. For convenience, we will choose them to be positive. The velocity,
acceleration, and the time are related by .
SOLUTION
a. Solving for t we have
b. Similarly,
Answer CLOSE
A VW Beetle goes from 0 to 55.0 mi/h with an acceleration of +2.35 m/s2. (a) How much time does it take for the
Beetle to reach this speed? (b) A top-fuel dragster can go from 0 to 55.0 mi/h in 0.800 s. Find the acceleration (in
m/s2) of the dragster.
(a) Number 10.461702127660 Units s
(b) Number 30.73125 Units m/s^2
Solution CLOSE
REASONING The average acceleration is defined by as the change in velocity divided by the elapsed
time. We can find the elapsed time from this relation because the acceleration and the change in velocity are
given.
SOLUTION
a. The time Δt that it takes for the VW Beetle to change its velocity by an amount
Δv = v – v0 is (and noting that 0.4470 m/s = 1 mi/h)
b. From , the acceleration (in m/s2) of the dragster is
Answer CLOSE

The greatest height reported for a jump into an airbag is 99.4 m by stuntman Dan Koko. In 1948 he jumped from
rest from the top of the Vegas World Hotel and Casino. He struck the airbag at a speed of 39 m/s (88 mi/h). To
assess the effects of air resistance, determine how fast he would have been traveling on impact had air resistance
been absent.
Number 44.138871757216 Units m/s
Solution CLOSE
REASONING AND SOLUTION When air resistance is neglected, free fall conditions are applicable. The final
speed can be found from
where v0 is zero since the stunt man falls from rest. If the origin is chosen at the top of the hotel and the upward
direction is positive, then the displacement is . Solving for v, we have
The speed at impact is the magnitude of this result or .
Answer CLOSE

A meteoroid is speeding through the atmosphere, traveling east at 17.4 km/s while descending at 13.5 km/s.
What is its speed, in km/s?
Number 22.022942582680 Units km/s
Solution CLOSE

REASONING The meteoroid’s speed is the magnitude of its velocity vector, here described in terms of two
perpendicular components, one directed toward the east and one directed vertically downward. Let east be the +x
direction, and up be the +y direction. Then the components of the meteoroid’s velocity are vx = +17.4 km/s and
vy = −13.5 km/s. The meteoroid’s speed v is related to these components by the Pythagorean theorem (Equation
1.7): v2 = v 2 + v 2.
x y
SOLUTION From the Pythagorean theorem,
It’s important to note that the negative sign for vy becomes a positive sign when this quantity is squared.
Forgetting this fact would yield a value for v that is smaller than vx, but the magnitude of a vector cannot be
smaller than either of its components.
Answer CLOSE

In a football game a kicker attempts a field goal. The ball remains in contact with the kicker's foot for 0.0574 s,
during which time it experiences an acceleration of 423 m/s2. The ball is launched at an angle of 57.0° above the
ground. Determine the (a) horizontal and (b) vertical components of the launch velocity.
(a) Number 13.223944697972 Units m/s
(b) Number 20.363089123828 Units m/s
Solution CLOSE
REASONING To determine the horizontal and vertical components of the launch velocity, we will use
trigonometry. To do so, however, we need to know both the launch angle and the magnitude of the launch velocity.
The launch angle is given. The magnitude of the launch velocity can be determined from the given acceleration
and the definition of acceleration given in Equation 3.2.
SOLUTION According to Equation 3.2, we have
or or
Using trigonometry, we find the components to be

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Answer CLOSE

Chapter 02, Problem 01

Number 8.042560175055 Units No units

Chapter 02, Problem 01

Chapter 02, Problem 02 GO

(a) Displacement = Number 3.20 Units

(b) Displacement = Number -4.80 Units m

(c) Displacement = Number 10.0 Units m

Chapter 02, Problem 02 GO

(b) Displacement = 1.60 m - 6.40 m =

(c) Displacement = 6.60 m - (- 3.40 m) =

Chapter 02, Problem 03

Number 12886.666666666668 Units years

Chapter 02, Problem 03

Chapter 02, Problem 05 GO

(b) = - 7.735849056604 m/s

(c) = + 19.622641509434 m/s

Chapter 02, Problem 05 GO

REASONING According to , the average velocity is equal to the displacement divided by

Therefore, the average velocities for the three cases are:

(b) Average velocity = (2.4 m - 6.5m)/(0.53 s) =

(c) Average velocity = [7.0 m - (- 3.4m)]/(0.53 s) =

Chapter 02, Problem 09

Number 47.105882352941 Units m

Chapter 02, Problem 09

(1) and (2)

Equations (1) and (2) can be solved simultaneously to find d.

Solving for d yields:

Chapter 02, Problem 17

(a) Number 2.5 Units s

(b) Number 2.5 Units s

Chapter 02, Problem 17

a. Solving for t we have

Chapter 02, Problem 26 GO

(a) Number 10.461702127660 Units s

(b) Number 30.73125 Units m/s^2

Chapter 02, Problem 26 GO

b. From , the acceleration (in m/s2) of the dragster is

Chapter 02, Problem 43

Number 44.138871757216 Units m/s

Chapter 02, Problem 43

The speed at impact is the magnitude of this result or .

Chapter 03, Problem 02

Number 22.022942582680 Units km/s

Chapter 03, Problem 02

SOLUTION From the Pythagorean theorem,

Chapter 03, Problem 03 GO

(a) Number 13.223944697972 Units m/s

(b) Number 20.363089123828 Units m/s

Chapter 03, Problem 03 GO

SOLUTION According to Equation 3.2, we have

Using trigonometry, we find the components to be

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