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Content :
INTRODUCTION
ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY & RESISTIVITY
CONDUCTION IN PURE METALS
FACTORS AFFECTING THE RESISTIVITY OF ELECTRICAL
METALS
SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
ENERGY BANDS IN SOLID
ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY AND RESISTIVITY FOR ALLOY
PHASES
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF METALS
ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF MULTY PHASE METALS
INTRODUCTION :
The most important properties of metals are their high thermal and
electrical conductivities.
Silver has the highest electrical conductivity. Copper comes next and is
similar to silver from the point of view of atomic structure ; both
belonging to the same group of periodic table.
Metals having complex structures such as As, Sb, Bi, Sn , Hg have lower
conductivities which lie between those of ideal metal (very high
conductivity) and of insulators (negligible conductivities).
Types of Conducting Materials:
When the valance electrons get on sufficient energy extend that its
free from the association atom, they jump to the next band ,
which is
Conduction band and electrons found in the band , its will share of
electrical conductivity .
The conductivities of solid solutions are always less than those of the
pure metal .for example ,as nickel dissolves in f.c.c copper,
Pure copper σ= 60*106 Ω-1 .m-1 , ρ=0.017*10-6 Ω.m
99%Cu – 1%Ni σ= 35*106 Ω-1 .m-1 , ρ=0.029*10-6 Ω.m
The special case of fig 17-5.1 (a) has mixture in parallel . This leads to
a mixture rule that is linear with volume fraction ,ƒ, of the two
phases . For thermal conductivity, Κ=ƒ₁Κ₁+ƒ₂Κ₂
For electrical conductivity , σ=ƒ₁σ₁+ƒ₂σ₂
For fig , 17-5.1 (b). This leads to a mixture rule that relates the
reciprocals of the conductivities .
For thermal conductivity, 1/Κ=ƒ₁/Κ₁+ƒ₂/Κ₂
or for electrical conductivity, 1/σ=ƒ₁/σ₁+ƒ₂/σ₂