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Learn biology
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Climate Change
The new NASA global data set combines historical measurements with data from
climate simulations using the best available computer models to provide forecasts of
how global temperature (shown here) and precipitation might change up to 2100 under
different greenhouse gas emissions scenarios.
Credits: NASA
Genetically modified crops
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Invasive species
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Use of antibiotics
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Rising World Population
Importance of Breakfast
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Why a Study of Biology is
Important
To be an informed citizen
– Informed decisions about own health
An understanding of biology is important to
address a number of social issues today.
– DNA testing
– Birth control
– Global warming
– AIDS
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Chapter 1
1-12
So then, what is biology?
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The Scientific Method in Action
Observation
John watches his
grandmother bake
bread. He asks his
grandmother what
makes the bread rise.
She explains that yeast
releases a gas as it
feeds on sugar.
Problem/Question
Example: Lightning
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Scientists Look for Cause and Effect
Relationships
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Components of the Scientific Method
Observation
Questioning and exploration
Forming and testing hypotheses
Evaluation of new information
Review by peers
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Observation, Questioning and
Exploration
An observation is a thoughtful and careful
recognition of an event or a fact.
The careful observation of a phenomenon
leads to a question.
– How does this happen?
– What causes it to occur?
The question must be testable.
Scientists then explore scientific publications
to find any information that has been gathered
about the question.
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Constructing Hypotheses
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Testing Hypotheses
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Experimental Design
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Experimental Data
Experiments must:
– use large numbers of subjects or must be
repeated several times (replication).
– be independently reproducible.
–
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A Scientific Law
A scientific law is a uniform and constant fact of nature
that describes what happens in nature.
– An example: All living things come from pre-existing living things.
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Scientific Communication
Data is shared with the scientific
community through research
articles published in scientific
journals.
– These articles are usually
scrutinized by other scientists
before they are published.
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Fundamental Attitudes in Science
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Theoretical vs. Applied Science
Science
Science vs. Nonscience
Scientists continually challenge and test
principles to determine cause-and-effect
relationships.
– Biology, Physics, Chemistry, Astronomy
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Pseudoscience
A deceptive practice that uses the language of
science to convince people into thinking that a
claim has scientific validity.
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Limitations of Science
The scientific method can only
be applied to questions that have
a factual base.
Questions of morality, values,
social issues and attitudes
cannot be tested scientifically.
Science is limited by scientists.
– People are fallible.
– The sun orbits the earth.
But, science is self-correcting.
– New data shapes new
hypotheses.
– The earth rotates on its axis, so
maybe the earth orbits the sun.
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The Science of Biology
Applied biology
– Medicine, crop science, plant breeding, wildlife
management
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What makes something alive?
Living things can manipulate energy and
matter.
1-49
Characteristics of Living Things
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2 Ecosystems Zooming in
3 Communities
on life
4 Populations
1 5 Organisms
Biosphere
6 Organ
Systems
and
Organs
10 Molecules and Atoms
9 Organelles
Atom
Nucleus
8 Cells 7
Tissues
Levels of Biological Organization
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Levels of Biological Organization
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The Significance of Biology in our
Lives
Biology has significantly contributed to our
high standard of living.
For example:
– Advanced food production
– Significant progress in health
– Advances in disease control
– Advances in plant and animal breeding
– Advances in biotechnology
– Progress in genome studies
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Technology drivers of the
Bioscience revolution
Gene sequencing
– sequencing of genomes of viruses and bacteria to help
fight against infection
The development of molecular techniques
– gene chip arrays to determine gene activity
Advances in imaging techniques
– fluorescence to observe genes/proteins in real time
The IT revolution
– Bioinformatics
Nanotechnology
– Nanobiosensors and drug delivery methods
Hot growth potential sectors: new and
emerging areas
Healthcare
Biofuels and green/clean tech. energy
Personalized medicine
Telemedicine, mobile HC apps.
Healthcare informatics (i.e. electronic health
records
Bioinformatics (personalized medicine)
Data management, bio-IT
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