Thesis: Proposed New Public Market With Transport Terminal and Bagsakan Center in Trece Martires, Cavite

LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY - CAVITE
CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
1.1 Introduction
Public Markets have been part of communities in the Philippines since the olden
times of Spanish colonial period. During their colonialism, Spaniards institute a standard
plan of a plaza complex surrounded with essential buildings and institutions. The Market
was one of these important buildings, along with churches, convents, schools, and town
hall. To buy necessary commodities in a cheaper cost, the market is the only place where
people can go at that time. The goods being sold are usually fresh because these came
directly from producers and suppliers who produce and cultivate their own products.
Figure 1 Rear side of La Quinta Market in Quiapo, Manila
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, COMPUTER STUDIES AND ARCHITECTURE

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Through the years up to the present, public markets are still on the line and
continuing to operate. Almost every city/municipality has this kind of facility owned and
managed by the local government unit. The basic concept of market evolved and is
supplemented with other necessary facilities for more productive and efficient operation.
It had also broken down into different types, depending on size of consumers and range
of available commodities. Some of the existing markets provide a bagsakan center to sell
and supply agricultural and fishery food products in a wholesale basis. This is a
concealed place where vendors get their supply and sell it in their stalls in a marked up
price. A transport terminal could also be provided in some markets for better accessibility
and convenience of commuting buyers. With the present situation, it can be stated that the
public market is already an integral part of the Filipino culture and it imposes a sense of
neighborhood by bringing people together.
A. Rationale of the Study
The study aims to relocate and make a new design of the TMC Public Market.
This project intends to address the problems being experienced by the users. The present
situation of this facility produces some other serious dilemmas that hinder the growth and
development of the city.
One of the products of its present condition is the problem with congested traffic
around the market. Productivity of the city has been decreased with this problem, giving
delay to everyone. To ease the heavy traffic, Governor Jesus Crispin Remulla
implemented the Vehicle number coding scheme not only in Trece, but also in the whole

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Cavite. This scheme started on Monday, February 05, 2018. He assigned the Office of the
Governor – Road Safety Division (OPG-RSD) as the scheme’s lead implementing body.
The group is supported by the Cavite Office Public Safety (COPS) and the City &
Municipality Traffic Management Offices.
There will be also a road widening project and provision of drop off in the central
business district. The frontage of the market will be used for the implementation of the
said project.
B. Background of the Study
The Trece Martires City Public Market or Pamilihang Lungsod ng Trece Martires
is a public market located along the Governor’s Drive and Trece-Indang Road in Trece
Martires City, Cavite. This is the general market of Trece and one of the most famous and
biggest markets in Cavite. SM City Trece and Tower Mall are some of the major
commercial establishments facing the frontage of the market. The whole market complex
has a total land area of approximately 10,892.21 sq. meters and is composed of the main
public market itself, wet and dry goods annex, transport market, and the Market
administration office. A wide range of products and services are available in the market
with the presence of different shops offering their specialties and certain goods. Through
time, this facility has been well used by the residents of the city, leading to its
unconditioned and unmaintained status. Toilets are insufficient to cater the customers,
making it inclusively only for vendors and personnel. Below are the pictures of its
present condition:

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Figure 2 Trece Martires Public Market Aerial Plan
Daytime
Figure 3 Trece Martires Public Market along Governor’s Drive

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Figure 4 Trece Martires City Wet and Dry Market Annex
Figure 5 Rear side of TMC Public Market along Service alley

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Figure 6 Tricycle Terminal along Market road
Figure 7 TMC Transport Market along Market road

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Nighttime
Figure 8 Trece Martires City Public Market at night
Figure 9 Rear side of TMC Public Market at night

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Figure 10 Street Food tents at night
Figure 11 Meat and Vegetable Section

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C. Statement of the Problem
There is a need to find a new site for the relocation of the present public market of
Trece Martires City. Along with its relocation, a new design shall be made that will solve
the problems already encountered from the existing. In addition, these following
questions must be also answered and solved by the study:
1. How to redefine the negative image of the market?
2. What would be the benefits of having a new and relocated public market?
3. How to plan the overall design of the new public market that will show the city’s
cultural identity?
4. How to improve the wind circulation and natural lighting inside the market?
5. Will the relocation of the market significantly decrease the congested traffic
along the crossing between Governor’s Drive and Tanza – Trece Road?
D. Project Goals and Objectives
The project aims the following to be achieved in the relocating and planning of
the TMC Public Market and supporting facilities:
 To provide a cleaner and improved market
 To increase efficiency
 To lessen the work of workers
 To attract tourist
 To promote quality living, cleanliness, and discipline
 To showcase the essence of architecture in the society

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E. Significance of the Study
It is necessary to conduct this study because it will provide the design for the new
market. The study will be benefited, especially by these groups:
 To the Buyers and Sellers
Through this study, Trecenos would have the initial idea of what their
future market could be. They would also be informed of the advantages of
relocating their existing pubic market. Stallholders will be knowledgeable as well
of the rules they need to comply based on the existing laws.
 To the Local Government Unit (LGU)
The LGU of Trece Martires City can use this study as reference in building
the actual public market and supporting facilities. It will give them a new iconic
structure in their place because of its architecturally-appealing design. This will
be their new milestone that will reflect how progressive their city is. It will also
solve their problem about traffic congestion in the central business district and
will organize the busy area of the market.
 To the Future Researcher
This study will be a future reference of students who are going to
research about public markets. It will lead their chosen topics to being more
realistic because of this existing research that will provide concepts and
considerations in designing a market facility.

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F. Scope and Delimitations
The purpose of this study is to make a new design of the Trece Martires City
Public Market and supporting facilities in its new location. The design focuses on solving
the encountered problems on the existing market. With compliance to the laws related to
this government facility, the new plan should improve the circulation and provide greater
convenience to the users. It will also consider the culture and vision of the city which
will reflect on its interior and exterior design. This study was done from March to May
2019.
The study limits are the increase in profit of the retailers and even ambulant
peddlers, and the analyzations related to economic field. The economic development of
the whole city is also beyond the control of the researcher.
G. Conceptual/Theoretical Framework
Figure 12 Conceptual Framework

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H. Definition of Terms
Abattoir/Slaughterhouse – the facility or premises used in the slaughter of food animals
for human consumption.
Ambulant Peddler - one who sell his wares, commodities, or foodstuffs and keeps on
travelling and selling his goods from one place to another.
Bagsakan Center – an open building within the vicinity of the market where the
agricultural and fishery food products and other goods from producers and suppliers are
sold on wholesale basis.
Carinderia – a section in the market where cooked foods and drinks are displayed, sold
and served.
Dry goods section – area in the market where dry goods (e.g. clothing, kitchen utensils,
toys and other similar items) are displayed for sale.
Food System – it generally includes production, processing, distribution, and
consumption of food. This is a concept showing farm to table food.
Martyr – a person who is killed because of their religious or other beliefs.
Public Market – is a year-round market owned and managed by the government
intended to serve the general public.
Stall – a compartment or area designated for the display or sale of commodities, goods,
or other merchandise.
Stallholder – a person or entity that has been granted the right to use a stall.

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Transport terminal – the location where passengers either originates, terminates, or is
handled in the transportation process. This serves as the parking and embarkation of
public utility vehicles.
Acronyms
ABR - Anaerobic Baffled Reactor
CLUP – Comprehensive Land Use Plan
COPS - Cavite Office Public Safety
HLURB – Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board
IRR – Implementing Rules and Regulations
LGU - Local Government Unit
OPG-RSD - Office of the Governor – Road Safety
TMC – Trece Martires City
RTW – Ready-to-wear

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CHAPTER 2
RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
2.1 Review of Related Literature
The following are the materials that the researcher found useful and related for the
study. These will guide him in designing a realistic public market and supporting
facilities.
A. Local Related Literature
The Public Market and the City
Significance of the Public Market
Supermarkets and hypermarkets have lessened the number of customers and
public attention of public markets. This situation may due to the reason of unmaintained
and uncomfortable facilities of public markets.
Lately, the local government units in General Santos, Mati, Calapan, Muntinlupa
and Mandaluyong have inserted a new life in their local public markets. These markets
were transformed to become compliant to the Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board
(HLURB) Standards for Public Markets. With the aid of Public-Private Partnerships, this
project would be possible. Public Markets should be treated well because it plays a
central role in the history, culture, and economy of a place. It was the main center of
town’s commerce and trade, and was the venue of cultural exchange in the early times.
Public markets, as regulated by the government, support small entrepreneurs in
the early stage of their business. It protects them from big private enterprises. The Baguio

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City Public Market supports the ‘buy local’ initiative because it is the cheapest and most
extensive place in the city to buy local products.
Figure 13 Baguio City Public Market
Figure 14 Baguio City Public Market Stalls

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Standards for Philippine Public Markets
In the IRR of Executive Order 648, it discusses locational or siting clearance,
design standards, utility and facility requirements of public markets. It also says that
construction of stalls and selling along the sidewalk and outside the market is prohibited.
Ice products should come from ice plants with sanitary permit or be made from potable
water supply. This is in contrast of how most of the ice blocks are delivered to the
market. The current scenario is ice blocks are thrown from the delivery truck to the
market floor. It is the same process with the fish when delivered every morning. This
gives the markets negative impressions with sanitation. The LGU lacks in action on
solving these problems with regards to health. They should envision that the public
market plays an important role to the locals and it should be sanitized and well
maintained.
A Few Good Models
Some good examples of public markets are the General Santos and Muntinlupa
public markets which have USAID - funded waste water treatment facilities. Another one
is the Trinidad Public Market in Trinidad, Bohol where it has its own Market Code
ordinance. The LGU has a mission of establishing a self-reliant and viable eco-enterprise
through the operation of public markets equipped with facilities for the services of the
customers.

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Figure 15 General Santos’ Public Market Waste water treatment facility
A good market is one that showcases good architecture. Public buildings should
not look heavy or composed of massive concrete because Philippines is a tropical
country. Natural light and air must be able to pass through inside the building for
convenience of the users.
B. Foreign Related Literature
Public Markets & Community-Based Food Systems
Public markets or farmer’s markets are the main source of fresh goods and
products that can be bought in lower prices, compared to supermarkets. A community
should serve its populace with its necessities, and one of these is the market. Food

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security and local food systems advocates have used the markets as the source of
affordable but healthy foods for low-income communities. It is also a tool for economic
development in neighborhood that experiences demographic changes.
In a survey conducted by local food system advocates, it has shown some
common issues related in operating a market. Two of these are the insufficient customer
base, and inability to meet vendors’ financial expectations. On the other side, they have
defined what a successful market is. These are succeeds in building local food systems,
provides a space for people to come together, and economically sustainable over the long
term.
For a community that has few public spaces, a market can be also consider as its
de-facto civic square. It is a good thing to go beyond its basic purpose. People can go to
market not only to buy commodities, but also to meet, mingle, and enjoy the overall
atmosphere of the market. The nicer the market, the more money the stallholders will
make because of greater number of possible costumers. The architects can improve the
new and existing market by taking into consideration the model made by the Project for
Public Spaces (PPS). It constitutes four key elements of a great place as shown in the
figure below:

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Figure 16 Four Key Elements of a Great Place
 Sociability
It means encouraging customers to bring family and friends to go to the
market. Through this, it expands the customer base.
 Uses & Activities
Different events should also be held in the marketplace. These can be
cooking demos, music concerts, and other entertainments.

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 Access and Linkages
The basic supporting spaces should be well maintained and sufficient.
These are the parking slots, drop off and etc. The market could also increase its
sale by placing it in proximity to existing institutions or housing developments.
 Comfort & Image
Provide seating and shelter for customers, and using landscape to liven the
area.
Improving these elements can make the market have a greater possibility of
maintaining its competitiveness and growth in the future. It will give the city a strong
identity and a remarkable landmark.
Developing a Public Market
The development of a public market is not the same as the other commercial real
estate developments. This has been proven by Aaron Zaretsky who experienced
developing and managing public markets for almost forty years. His knowledge spans
from conceptualization, feasibility study, site analysis, architectural analysis, project
management up to operational stages of development.
A public market should comply with the public policy goals while reflecting the
heart and soul of a community. Performing areas where buyers will be entertained could
be also put inside the facility. It could also become the birthplace of a future trademark.
An example is on how a small business grew and became well-known internationally.
One day, a man named Zev Siegl bought a coffee roaster and shared some roasted coffees

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to his friends. His friends liked the taste of those coffees and urged him to open a coffee
shop. Zev then went to the Pike Place Market to rent a space for his new coffee shop.
Years went by and that small coffee shop is now the Starbucks people know today. Zed’
coffee shop came from a humble public market and now, has 20,000 stores in 59
countries grossing billions of dollars annually. This just means that a facility with
supportive environment and critical mass helps private businesses to succeed.
Aaron Zaretsky has recommended of having a feasibility study and also a
Business plan for the sake of the project. In conducting a feasibility study, this should
contain the following elements:
1. A review of past relevant documents
2. Observations, strengths and weaknesses noted during on-site visit/ visits
3. Site Analysis
4. Demographic Analysis
5. Traffic Analysis
6. Site Selection
7. Recommendation
A business plan then will be prepared and it includes some sort of administrative
works and financial matters. It should also contain a survey report where the data came
from residents, tourists, etc. Other components of this plan include Design Program,
Simplified Schematic layout, Parking Analysis, Management, Preliminary Capital
Budget, Rent setting strategy, and etc.

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Figure 17 Artist’s render of a proposed public market
C. Legal Basis
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 856
IMPLEMENTING RULES AND REGULATIONS OF CHAPTER IV –
MARKETS AND ABATTOIRS OF THE CODE ON SANITATION OF THE
PHILIPPINES
RESOLUTION NO. R - 682
IMPLEMENTING RULES AND REGULATIONS TO GOVERN THE
PROCESSING OF APPLICATION FOR LOCATIONAL CLEARANCE OF
MARKETS AS MAENDED

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2.2 Review of Related Studies and Projects
A. Case Studies
Marketplace Shopping Mall
Figure 18 Marketplace Shopping mall
Location: Mandaluyong City, Manila
Land Size: 7,500 sq. meters
History: The original structure of the market which was located in the heart of
Mandaluyong City was destroyed by a fire happened on 1991. Most of the materials of
the structure were made of wood, making it burnt easily. The city government took
interest in rebuilding the destroyed market through the Revised Implementing Rules and
Regulations of R.A. 6957 or also known as the Build-Operate-Transfer Law. The
winning bid of P 300 million was granted to the Macro Founders and Developers, Inc.
for the new seven-storey market project. This new building includes four stories of retail
and entertainment space, two stories of parking, department stores, movie theater,

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bowling alley, and food court. The bidder was awarded a BOT grant for 40 years to build,
operate and manage the market. The city government has no share to the revenue
generated by the project. After 40 years, the market would be handed back to the city
government.
Current Status: The new public market and shopping mall has provided the community
with over six hundred work opportunities to the people. More importantly, it has
provided accessibility for necessary products to the low income customers. The city’s
basic concept of providing a simple public market transformed into a multi-storey, and
mixed-use retail/entertainment venue. This led to commercial growth of the city, and a lot
of benefits to the locals.
Jaro Public Market
Figure 19 Jaro Public Market

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Location: Jaro, Ilo-ilo
Jaro Public Market is a typical market in Ilo-ilo where dry goods stalls, fish stalls,
meat stalls, vegetable stalls, and carinderia could be found. It has also coconut grinding
and live animal section. What gets the attention of the researcher is its integration of
wastewater treatment system as compliance to Republic Act No. 9275: The Philippine
Clean Water Act of 2004. With the engineering efforts, a suitable size of the system will
be defined through the volume of wastewater generated by the facility. Below are the
inclusions recommended by the engineers in a wastewater system based on this study:
 Grease and trash traps located at key points in the sewer system to remove grease
from the food service areas and heavy solids from the vegetable, meat and fish
areas.
 Settler – a settling tank, similar to a septic tank, to perform primary settling
 Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR) - to remove much of the organic matter and
suspended solids in the wastewater stream.
Construction of wetland is considered because it will treat the wastewater to a
point of safe discharge. This is in compliance with environmental standards. Wastewater
will flow from the ABR tank to the wetland where it will be evenly distributed through
the gravel media. Wetlands could also contribute to the aesthetic value of the place, and
may be used to grow hydroponically growing saplings.

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Calapan City Public Market
Figure 20 Calapan City Public Market
Location: Calapan City, Oriental Mindoro
History: Calapan City Public Market is a two-storey public market opened on December
15, 2011 in Calapan City, Oriental Mindoro. This is a permanent replacement of the
former which burned three times already. This structure is a symbolism of resiliency and
strength of the entire city.
Current Status: The zoning of this market is different from the other typical markets in
the Philippines. The meat, fish and vegetable stalls are placed on the second floor while
clothing and other dry items are placed on the ground floor. There is also a passenger
terminal for commuter’s greater accessibility. The budget for this establishment costs 188
million to build.

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Bukidnon’s Public Market
Figure 21 Maramag Public Market
Location: Maramag, Bukidnon
This market has been featured in different blogs because of its outstanding
quality. According to the bloggers, Maramag Public Market could be the cleanest public
market in the Philippines. Proper ventilation and natural lighting are provided to give a
pleasing scent and better visibility inside. It changed the stereotype ambience of all
public markets as dirty and stinky with unmaintained facilities. Below are the pictures
that will prove the cleanliness and organization of the market:

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Figure 22 Interiors of Maramag Public Market

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CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Methodology
A. Description of Method
To be able to investigate and support the study, the descriptive method of research
was used. According to Manuel and Medel, Descriptive research describes what is. It
involves the description, recording, analysis, and interpretation of the present nature,
composition or processes of phenomena. The focus is on prevailing conditions, or how a
person, group, or thing behaves or functions in the present. It often involves some type of
comparison or contrast (Manuel and Medel, p.25). Since the study is focused with the
present status of the public market, the descriptive method of research was the most
suitable method to use. It will help the researcher in describing and assessing the current
situation and collecting data to further analyzation. This will eventually lead to
interpretation for formulating of recommendations and effective solutions.
B. Research Instruments
Pen and Paper. These were used to write down the discovered information from the
interviewees, as well as to note the current situation of the market.
Cellphone. Aside from it’s one of the researcher’s personal belongings, cellphone was
mostly used to take pictures of the interviewees, present and proposed sites, and printed
out documents.

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Laptop. It is used to record and organize all the data being collected with the use of
Microsoft Word. This was also the main tool of designing the market using Autocad,
Sketchup, Lumion, and Photoshop .
Printer. To be able to have hardcopy of necessary documents, they must be printed using
this device.
C. Identification of Key Resource Persons and Data Resources
Government Offices. Since the project is under the government supervision, it is best if
data are gathered directly from these government entities:
 Office of the City Planning and Development Coordinator. One of the
offices in the City Hall of Trece Martires and responsible in conducting
continuing studies, researches and training programs necessary to evolve
plans and programs for implementation. They monitor and evaluate the
implementation of the different development programs, projects and
activities in the local government unit concerned in accordance with the
approved development plan. They also prepare comprehensive plans and
other development planning documents for the consideration of the Local
Development Council.
 Trece Martires City Market Administration Office. It is a special
government office established to be the administrators of the TMC Public
market and other markets in the city. They are the one who manage and
operate the public market complex. All concerns and transactions are

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handled by them. This office is composed of the Officer-in-charge, Market
supervisor, Administrative aides, and other related personnel.
Interviews. These are one-on-one talk with those persons who could contribute and
share information related to the study. The interviewees are the people who have the
knowledge and could only answer the questions by the researcher. These interviewees are
the following persons:
 Armando Diloy. Mr. Diloy is one of the employees under the City Planning and
Coordinator Office. His position is City Economist II, who is responsible in
economic strategy development and fund allocation. He is also in charge of the
student’s affairs of the office.
 John Isla. Mr. Isla is also one of the employees under the City Planning and
Coordinator Office. His position is Planning Officer I, a technical position
responsible in the overall city planning and development. He contributes in
making alternative solutions to the existing problems and plans the land-use
zoning of the city.
Figure 23 Mr. Armando Diloy, Mr.John Isla, and the researcher (rightmost)

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Web Information. The researcher visited several websites to gather information needed
for the study. Most of these are government websites for the existing laws related to the
project. Some are existing markets for review of related literature. Other internet websites
are visited as well in order to know about the culture and history of Trece Martires City.
Site/Field Visit. The researcher underwent an ocular visit of the existing public market to
know the existing problems experienced by the users. To personally see the possible site
for the project, a field visit was also done. This is helpful to know the current status and
characteristics of the land like the slope, area, orientation, and etc. to justify it suitability.
Book. Books are sources of information which could not be found in the internet.
Researcher read some books about designing a public market, as well as writing a thesis
book.
D. Discuss and Explain the Research Strategy
The research is in need of quality and rich information in order to formulate a
substantial research output. With this condition, a Qualitative research is the most
suitable strategy to use. According to UKessays, Qualitative research is subjective in
nature and mainly concentrates on opinions and perceptions rather than hard measurable
data. This research strategy includes conducting interviews, which is appropriate to
collect significant data from related key persons. Related literature is included as well to
observe and analyze the quality of other existing public markets.

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E. Summary of Findings, Analysis, and Triangulation
With all the key resource persons and data resources accessed by the researcher,
he have now the knowledge or data which could not be known if only through an
interview. All the data collected are found enough and suitable to execute the study.
These data have very significant purpose and will be furtherly analyze and interpreted.
The findings will guide the researcher throughout the whole design and planning process.
This will eventually lead to have a planned and designed public market and other
complementary facilities.

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CHAPTER 4
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
4.1 Macro - Micro Analysis
Cavite
Figure 24 Location of Cavite
Cavite is a province on the southern part of the island Luzon. This province is
under the CALABARZON region, along with Laguna, Batangas, Rizal, and Quezon. It is
one of the most populated provinces in the Philippines, having a population of 3,678,301
as of 2015.

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The province is entitled as the Historical Capital of the Philippines. This was due
to a lot of historical and significant events happened on Cavite during the Spanish
colonial period. On June 12, 1898, General Emilio Aguinaldo declared the Philippines’
independence from the Spaniards in the municipality of Kawit.
On the present time, Cavite is now one of the most industrialized and fastest
growing provinces in the country. There are a total of 12 economic zones currently
operating in the province. Cavite is composed of 16 municipalities and 7 cities and
divided into 8 districts. The province’s present capital is the city of Imus, after it was
transferred from Trece Martires City by the late President Ferdinand Marcos.
Figure 25 Map of Cavite
Despite of province’s abundance in industrial zones, it has still preserved its forest
lands. These forests can be mostly found in the municipality of Maragondon and Ternate.

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Bamboo is one of Cavite’s forest products, that why production of hut and other bamboo
made furnitures are abundant.
In terms of Tourism, Tagaytay is the main tourist center of the province. This city
is famous due to its scenery of taal lake and cold climate. There are also a lot of historical
sites that can be found on other cities/municipalities that were already built during the
Spanish colonial period. Andres Bonifacio’s House is an example site in General Trias,
Cavite. It was the house of the revolutionary leader Andres Bonifacio. Mountain climbing
is one of the activities that can be done by tourist if they decided to go in Mount Pico de
Loro. This mountain is located in Ternate and Maragondon.
Figure 26 Topographic Map of Cavite

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Trece Martires City
Vision:
“A city with high standards of living and commercial hub of Cavite. God-loving, law
abiding and globally competitive Trecenos, adavtive to change, peaceful, progressive and
ideal environment under an intelligent, caring and just leadership.”
-City Government of Trece Martires
Figure 27 Seal of Trece Martires City
Trece Martires is a 4th class city in Cavite with 13 Barangays. It was the capital of
the province until President Ferdinand Marcos transferred it to the city of Imus on June
11, 1977. The city was first named as Quintana, and was one of the barrio of Tanza,
Cavite. The name changed to Trece Martires to honor the Thirteen Martyrs of Cavite who
were convicted by the Spanish colonial government. They are Jose Lallana, Eugenio

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Cabezas, Maximo Gregorio, Hugo Perez, Severino Lapidario, Alfonso de Ocampo,
Francisco Osorio, Antonio San Agustin, Luis Aguado, Agapito Conchu, Victoriano
Luciano, at Feliciano Cabuco. These also became the names of the thirteen baranagays in
the city.
Figure 28 Thirteen Martyrs of Cavite
Figure 29 Trece Martires Barangay divisions

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Trece is geographically located at the center of Cavite with a total land area of
3,917 hectares. It is bounded on the north and northwest by the Municipality of Tanza,
west and southwest by Municipality of Naic, South by the Municipality of Indang,
Southeast by Municipality of Amadeo, and east by the city of General Trias. The ground
slope ranges from 0.5% to 2%. The city has a tropical climate with two pronounced
seasons. Wet season ranges from May to December. Dry season ranges from January to
April annually.
According to the 2015 census, Trece has a population of 155,713 residents. It is
estimated that the city will grow to a total population of 262,453 residents in the year
2020 with 59,560 number of household. Brgy. Inocencio has the biggest part covering
23% because families living along the South Railway were relocated in this area. On the
other side, Brgy. Llana has the least part covering only 1% of the total population.
PROJECTED HH PROJECTED NUMBER

YEAR
POPULATION OF HH
2000 41,653 8,761
2007 90,177 20,395
2010 104,559 23,728
2011 114,638 26,015
2012 125,690 28,523
2013 137,806 31,273
2014 151,091 34,288
2015 165,656 37,593
2016 181,625 41,217
2017 199,134 45,190
2018 218,330 49,547
2019 239,377 54,323
2020 262,453 59,560
Table 1 Projection total population and no. of household, Trece Martires (2000-
2020)

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POPULATION BY BARANGAY
TRECE MARTIRES CITY, 2010
Percent Share
Osorio 8%
Lallana 1%
Inocencio 23%
Hugo Perez 5%
Gregorio 4%
De Ocampo 7%
Conchu 5%
Cabuco 8%
Cabezas 4%
Aguado 10%
Lapidario 11%
Luciano 6%
San Agustin 8%
Figure 30 Population Percent share per Barangay, Trece Martires
Based on 2011projection, the male-female ratio is almost the same which is
49.91%-50.09%. Among the potential labor force, 34,859 constitutes of males while
35,922 constitutes of females. A large percentage in marital status of the household
population of the city is considered single or never married.

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MALE-FEMALE POPULATION BY AGE GROUP, 2010

Male (%) Female (%)
80 & over
75-79
70-74
65-69
60-64
55-59
50-54
45-49
40-44
35-39
30-34
25-29
20-24
15-19
10-14
5-9
0-4
-8,000 -6,000 -4,000 -2,000 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000
Figure 31 Male-Female Population, Trece Martires (2010)
Unknown
Common-Law/live-in
MARITAL STATUS
Divorced/Separated
Widowed
Married
Never Married/Single
0 20000 40000 60000 80000

TOTAL NUMBER
Figure 32 Marital Status of the household population, Trece Martires (2010)

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The city is predominantly Roman Catholic constituting about 90.94% of the total
household population. The remaining percentage is divided into other religions.
Figure 33 Household Population by Religious Assiliation, Trece Martires (2010)
The city of Trece Martires is known as a drug and gambling free city.
Industrialism and commercialism had replaced the agriculture as the major source of
economy of the city. Provincial Capitol and other government establishments can be also
found here, making the city as the administrative center of the Province. The current
mayor of Trece Hon. Melandres De Sagun envisions the city as the “City in the Woods”.
This can be obviously reflected with the current condition, special mention to the design
of its welcome arc.

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Figure 34 Trece Martires Welcome Arc
Agriculture & Livestock Farms
The major agricultural crops of the city are leafy vegetables, banana, cassava,
corn, rice, legumes and peanuts. The largest part of the total crop belongs to leafy
vegetables. Sources of these agricultural products mostly came from Brgy. Hugo Perez,
Brgy. Conchu, and Brgy. Osorio. There are also livestock and poultry farms present in
the city as shown in the table below:

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Figure 35 Koki’s Farm, Brgy. Hugo Perez
(Source: TMC CLUP)
Figure 36 Koki’s Farm, Brgy. Hugo Perez 2
(Source: TMC CLUP)

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Area Production Product

Type
(has.) Classification Volume Value Market
Livestock
(cattle/horse)
1. Eladio Villa- cattle TMC Public
farm 4 Semi-commercial 22 hds.x200kl.x150 660,000 .00 Market
2. Alvin Abueg- Cattle TMC Public
farm 17 Semi-commercial 50 hds.x200kl.x150 1,500,000.00 Market
Poultry
Contract
1. Pulunan A&B farm 2 Commercial 65,000/cycle X4 cycle 16,900,000.00 Grower
2. South 7 Poultry Commercial Contract
Farm 3 5000 hds 325,000 Grower
Commercial TMC Public
3. Tomzen farm 8 6,750/cyclex4cycle 1,755,000 Market
Commercial Contract
4. St. jude farm 0.20 9000/cycle x4 cycle 585,000 Grower
Commercial TMC Public
5. Villas party farm 0.50 2000/cyclex4cycle 520,000 Market
6. Generous Poultry Commercial Contract
farm 0.50 8000/cyclex4cycle 2,080,000 Grower
Table 2 Livestock and Poultry farm

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4.2 Site
A. Site Justification
The new site for the project is still located at Brgy. San Agustin with a total land
area of Fifty eight thousand eight hundred and fifty five (58,885) square meters. It has a
relatively flat to slightly rolling terrain. It is approximately 1.15 kilometers from the
existing one which is located on the central business district and accessible via
Governor’s drive, with minor road named Panungyanan road. This major access road
along the site is not prone to heavy traffic and bounded by other open lands for possible
future extension. The site is also compliant to the Zoning map from the Comprehensive
Land Use Plan (CLUP) of Trece Martires City for 2011-2020 and may also cause
economic spin-off to nearby establishments. All lots beside the Governor’s Drive within
the city are designated as Urban Development Zone (Commercial-Residential,
Institutional, and Light Industrial). Utilities are present on the new location such as water,
electrical, and the like.
Figure 37 Proposed Site

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Figure 38 Proposed Site along Governor’s Drive
Figure 39 Barangay hall annex in the Proposed Site

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Figure 40 Trece Martires Land Use Plan 2011-2020
According to the Preliminary Hazard Map of Trece Martires City, the site is not
subject to flooding which is really significant in choosing the site for a public market
because it is a government establishment.
Figure 41 Trece Martires Flood Hazard Map

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Moreover, the new site also complies with the IRR of HLURB to govern the
processing of application for locational clearance of markets as amended. According to
them, the site must be located atleast 50m from schools, religious institutions, public
offices, funeral establishments and other public/gathering such as auditorium and public
plazas. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, is approximately 90 meters
from the site. The site is approximately 78 meters from JEA Steel Industries Inc. as well
and on the opposite side of the road.
Figure 42 Location of Markets

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B. Site Analysis
The figure as seen below shows the different factors that could affect the design
of the project. The proper sun path is shown from six in the morning up to six in the
afternoon. There are two types of prevailing wind, not only on the site but of course in
the whole country, and these are the Northeast monsoon (blue) and Southwest monsoon
(red). Noise sources are also specified to provide natural buffers to the site.
The site is bounded on the north by an empty lot, on the east by the Panungayanan
Road, on the south by the Governor’s drive, and on the west by a creek.
Figure 43 Site Analysis

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C. SWOT Analysis
STRENGTH WEAKNESSES
New Iconic Structure Farther from the original location
Cleaner and more livable Public Market Adjustments of Users
Better and sufficient Facilities
Traffic Decongestion
Table 3 Strength and Weaknesses
OPPORTUNITIES THREATS
More opportunities for small entrepreneurs Uncertainty of people’s support
Working opportunities Opportunities for nearer private markets
Opportunity for spin-off Tree Cutting
Increase in sales
Increase in Tourism
Table 4 Opportunities and Threats

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4.3 Project Study
A. Financial Viability
A.1 Source of Funds
The project will be possible through PPP or the Public-Private Partnership. PPP
center is the government entity which will collect the fund for the construction of the
market. According to the Annual Investment Program (AIP) of Trece Martires City for
2019, a budget of P 250,000,000.00 is needed for the construction of the new TMC
Public Market with central transport terminal and bagsakan center. The average cost per
floor area of a commercial establishment is P 12,175.00.
A.2 Socio-Economic Impact/Market Study
This new project will give way to new opportunities for everyone in different
aspects that could increase the economic development of the city. Residents will be
having a new structure that promotes not only processed products, but also their native
products and delicacies for tourism advertisement. Social interaction and picnics will be
promoted as well, with the provision of open and recreational spaces. They will consider
going to the market instead of spending time in commercial establishments, especially in
malls within and near the city. With all of these, the negative impression of most people
about public markets will be altered and this will be a good model to every other public
markets around the country. Aside from them, people from other cities or province will
find it interesting to visit a new well designed market and facilities. This could be a great
pillar of the city towards tourists’ choice of destination.

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CHAPTER 5
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN
5.1 Programming
A. Behavioral Analysis
A.1 User Identification
The users of the public market and supporting facilities were subdivided into two
categories: The primary and secondary users. The primary users are those significant
people of the market such as stall owners, consumers, drivers, and the like. Secondary
users are people responsible in administration and maintenance of the facilities such as
market master, administration staffs, maintenance staffs, and security guards.
Primary Users
Consumers – People, mostly residents of the city, who go and buy commodities in the
market.
Sellers – People who sell products to the consumers in their designated stalls.
Driver – one who drive/operate a vehicle such as jeepneys, tricycle, trucks, etc.
Secondary Users
Officer-In-Charge – the head or the main key person of the market where he is assigned.
He has direct management over the employees of the office and the whole market.
Market supervisor – a personnel who supervise the vicinity of the market to see if
everything is in accordance to the rules and regulations.
Administrative aide – a person who does administrative works in the office.

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Security Guard – a person employed to secure the market against intruders and other
threats.
CCTV Personnel – a person assigned to monitor the whole market through CCTV
cameras.
Maintenance staff - one who is in charge of cleanliness of public facilities not covered
by stall owners.
A.2 Behavioral Pattern
Figure 44 Buyer Behavioral Pattern

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Figure 45 Seller Behavioral Pattern
Figure 46 Security Guard Behavioral Pattern

55
Figure 47 CCTV Personnel Behavioral Pattern
Figure 48 Maintenance Staff Behavioral Pattern

56
Figure 49 Driver Behavioral Pattern
Figure 50 Administrative Personnel Behavioral Pattern

57
A.3 Organizational Chart
Figure 51 Market Administration Organizational Chart
B. Space Programming
B.1 Space Analysis
Boutique – a small store selling fashionable clothes or accessories.
Carinderia – a food stall with a small seating area, typically in a market or at a
road side.
Fish Section – an area in the market where fish and other related specie are sold
for consumption.
Materials Recovery Facility – is a specialized plant that receives, separates and
prepares recyclable materials for marketing to end-user manufacturers.

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Meat Section – an area in the market where flesh of pig, chicken, and beef are
sold for consumption.
Parking – an area where car or vehicles can be left for a short period of time.
Almost all users can benefit on this facility.
Park – a large public green area in a place, used for recreation.
Shop – a business store where particular service or merchandise are sold.
Toilet – a room used to privately access sanitary fixture for urination and
defecation.
Vegetable Section – an area in the market where different kinds of vegetables
are sold.
Dry Goods Section – an area in the market where grains, eggs, and other packed
and imperishable goods are sold.
C. Interrelationship Analysis
C.1 Bubble Diagram
Figure 52 Bubble Diagram 1

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Figure 53 Bubble Diagram 2
C.2 Space Adjacency Matrix
Figure 54 Matrix Diagram

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5.2 Architectural Design Conceptualization
A. Design Concept
 Sampaguita
Figure 55 Sampaguita Flower
It was the vision of the former City Mayor Hon. Melencio L. De Sagun to make
Trece as the City of Sampaguita. This flower could be used as the form concept design of
the building. It is also the national flower and one of the symbolism of the Philippines.
 Contemporary Architecture
There would be also an integration of modern or contemporary architecture to
show adaptiveness to the existing trends. Minimalism will give an impression of clean
and healthy environment.
 City in the Woods
This is the vision of present City Mayor Hon. Melandres De Sagun in the Trece
Martires City, a city filled with trees. The design will put a lot of trees to justify its vision.

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B. Design Philosophy
“Impose the importance of Architects in the society”
- Emmanuel Rafael D. Mayuga
C. Design Goals and Objectives
A building must serve its purpose and it could also go beyond its purpose. The
designer aims to have a structure that will serve as a new landmark of the city. The
overall form should be unique and can be feature internationally. This should be the first
time in the country to have this type of exceptional design which people would not think
the building is a public market at first glance. Functionally, the experience of the user
should be convenient and the interior is legible. Natural lighting must pass through inside
the market and wind circulation must also be active. Trees are provided within the
building for better quality of air, as well as buffer for noise. Lastly, the form should
reflect the culture and historical background of the province.
D. Design Parameters
D.1 Considerations
In designing the new Public Market, Bagsakan center and Transport terminal,
several factors are in need to be considered that will shape the overall facility and these
are the following:

62
PWD
It is necessary that a government facility should be accessible to everyone.
Persons with disability were considered by providing ramps to assure that almost all
spaces in the market are accessible to them.
Orientation
The building will be strategically designed to configure itself to the natural factors
within the site, especially sun and wind elements.
Security
Security is considered by providing perimeter fence and gate within the property
of the market. The security office /management office is strategically placed for better
supervision of security personnels.

63
Aesthetic
The building will be aesthetically pleasing to liven the place and motivate people
to go visit and explore the market. With good design, passersby will arouse curiosity and
eventually stop to enter the facility. Through this, there would be a greater number of
possible customers.
Laws
Laws related to the market where really considered in the design. These laws set
the standards for a public market and it protects the natural environment.
Fire Safety
Access roads where provided around the market to ensure that fire trucks can get
closer in case of fire. The building is designed to be open for easy escape of the users.

64
Utility
Spaces with the same utility use are gathered together for efficiency. Utility
buildings are provided for the building to be sustainable.
Parking
In the present public market, there were insufficient parking slots available. This
problem leads to lesser number of customers and heavy traffic in the area. The new
design will include greater number of parking slots to cater greater number of vehicles.
Acoustic
Trees were scattered around the building to serve as buffers from noise.

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Circulation
Effective circulation was made for it to be organized and efficient for the different
types of users.
Zoning
Stalls with the same commodities were grouped together for better legibility of
the market. A good zoning creates natural synchronization on it.
Signages
Signages were placed in all areas for customers who are unfamiliar within the site
will be guided. Market plan will be place near the main entrance for guidance as well.

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Natural Ventilation
The building was designed to allow natural wind to circulate around the building.
Trees were provided for better quality of air.
Natural Light
The public market’s interior will be pierced with light for better lighting and visibility. It
will also help to lessen the power consumption by the used by the market.
Landscape
Landscape can be a key in having a good design. It is a symbolism that life exists
in a place. Floras will span up to the interiors of the market.

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Conviviality
It means the friendliness and liveliness of the place. The market is designed to
incorporate other small events like zumba, small concerts, and other programs.
D.2 Strategies
 Openness
Oppenness within the market will provide users with natural light and
active wind flow. Trees are also present to liven the area and improve the air
quality.
 Park
People will be entertained with other activities in the market aside from
buying. Since Trece is lacking in open spaces, this can serve as the recreational
park of Trece and a place where people can go and get together.
 Parking slots
Most of the markets in the country do not have enough number of
parking slots. With greater parking, greater customers will be attracted due to
convenience they could experience.

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5.3 Architectural Design Translations

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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY - CAVITE

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Figure 1 Rear side of La Quinta Market in Quiapo, Manila

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, COMPUTER STUDIES AND ARCHITECTURE

neighborhood by bringing people together.

A. Rationale of the Study

development of the city.

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, COMPUTER STUDIES AND ARCHITECTURE

Municipality Traffic Management Offices.

B. Background of the Study

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, COMPUTER STUDIES AND ARCHITECTURE

Figure 2 Trece Martires Public Market Aerial Plan

Figure 3 Trece Martires Public Market along Governor’s Drive

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, COMPUTER STUDIES AND ARCHITECTURE

Figure 4 Trece Martires City Wet and Dry Market Annex

Figure 5 Rear side of TMC Public Market along Service alley

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, COMPUTER STUDIES AND ARCHITECTURE

Figure 6 Tricycle Terminal along Market road

Figure 7 TMC Transport Market along Market road

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, COMPUTER STUDIES AND ARCHITECTURE

Figure 8 Trece Martires City Public Market at night

Figure 9 Rear side of TMC Public Market at night

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, COMPUTER STUDIES AND ARCHITECTURE

Figure 10 Street Food tents at night

Figure 11 Meat and Vegetable Section

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, COMPUTER STUDIES AND ARCHITECTURE

C. Statement of the Problem

questions must be also answered and solved by the study:

1. How to redefine the negative image of the market?

D. Project Goals and Objectives

the TMC Public Market and supporting facilities:

 To provide a cleaner and improved market

 To lessen the work of workers

 To promote quality living, cleanliness, and discipline

 To showcase the essence of architecture in the society

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, COMPUTER STUDIES AND ARCHITECTURE

E. Significance of the Study

market. The study will be benefited, especially by these groups:

 To the Buyers and Sellers

relocating their existing pubic market. Stallholders will be knowledgeable as well

of the rules they need to comply based on the existing laws.

 To the Local Government Unit (LGU)

structure in their place because of its architecturally-appealing design. This will

will organize the busy area of the market.

 To the Future Researcher

This study will be a future reference of students who are going to

considerations in designing a market facility.

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, COMPUTER STUDIES AND ARCHITECTURE

F. Scope and Delimitations

the whole city is also beyond the control of the researcher.

Figure 12 Conceptual Framework

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, COMPUTER STUDIES AND ARCHITECTURE

Abattoir/Slaughterhouse – the facility or premises used in the slaughter of food animals

for human consumption.

travelling and selling his goods from one place to another.

sold on wholesale basis.

toys and other similar items) are displayed for sale.

Food System – it generally includes production, processing, distribution, and

consumption of food. This is a concept showing farm to table food.

Martyr – a person who is killed because of their religious or other beliefs.

Public Market – is a year-round market owned and managed by the government

intended to serve the general public.