PRELIMINARY

Indonesia is the largest archipelago in the world. Based on data from the Geospatial
Information Agency (BIG) in 2013 there were 13,466 islands in Indonesia. The land area is
1,922,570 Km2 (37.1%), and the water area is 3,257,483 Km2 (62.9%), so that the total area
of Indonesia is 5,180,053 KM2. The coastline is approximately 81,000 Km long. The Indonesian
islands are formed by three tectonic plates, namely the Australian plate, the Pacific plate and
the Eurasian plate. These conditions cause the State of Indonesia to become one of the
countries having high potential for earthquake disasters, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions and
ground movements (landslides) .1
Geologically and hydrologically, Indonesia is a region prone to natural disasters. One
of them is earthquake and tsunami potential. This is because the territory of Indonesia is at
the confluence of three active tectonic plates namely the Indo-Australian Plate in the south,
the Eurasian Plate in the north and the Pacific Plate in the east. (figure 1) The three plates
move and collide with each other so that the Indo-Australian Plate dips beneath the Eurasian
plate and causes earthquakes, volcanoes, and faults or faults. The subduction of the Indo-
Australian Plate moving relatively north with the Eurasian Plate moving south creates an
earthquake pathway and a series of active volcanoes along the islands of Sumatra, Java, Bali
and Nusa Tenggara parallel to the path of the inclusion of the two plates.2

Figure 1. Indonesian Tectonic Plate

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines a "disaster" as any occurance that
causes damage, destruction, ecological damage, loss of human life, human suffering,
deterioration of health and health services on a scale sufficient to warrant an extraordinary
response from outside the affected community or area. Earthquakes, hurricanes, tornadoes,
volcanic eruptions, fire, floods, blizzards, drought, terrorism, chemical spills, nuclear accidents
are included among the causes of disasters, and all have significant devastating effects in
terms of human injury and property damages.
In 2018, Indonesia experienced quite a number of natural disasters. The three
biggest natural disasters of the year were the Lombok earthquake in July, the earthquake
accompanied by the tsunami and the Palu faction in September and the Banten tsunami in
December.
The earthquake occurred with magnitude 6.4 SR on Sunday, July 29, 2018 at 05:47
WIB. The epicenter was 24 km deep and on land 47 km northeast of Mataram City, West Nusa
Tenggara Province (Figure 2). BMKG shake map shows that the impact of an earthquake in
the form of damage can occur in areas close to the epicenter. The earthquake resulted in 555
deaths and 390,529 people displaced. North Lombok Regency is the location hardest hit by
the earthquake. In North Lombok, 466 people died, 829 were injured, 134,236 people were
displaced, and 23,098 houses were damaged by the earthquake. Another death victims in the
city of Mataram were 9 people, Central Lombok 2 people, East Lombok 31 people, West
Lombok 40 people, KSB 2 people, and Sumbawa 5 victims. The earthquake also damaged
houses and public facilities. At present, the number of damaged houses is 80,588. 3

Figure 2. Map of Lombok earthquake location.

BMKG has reported an earthquake with magnitude 7.7 shaking 26 km north of Donggala-Central Sulawesi
on Friday (9/28/2018) 17:02:44 WIB, depth of 10 km (Figure 3). BMKG shows that the impact of an earthquake in the
form of damage can occur in areas close to the epicenter. The National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) recorded
the number of victims killed in the earthquake and tsunami in Palu, Central Sulawesi and surrounding areas increased
to 2,113 people. In Palu, 1,703 people were killed, 171 in Donggala, 223 in Sigi, 15 in Parigi Moutong and 1 in
Pasangkayu. While the victims injured in the Palu earthquake and tsunami reached 4,612 people. In addition there are
still as many as 1,309 people missing.4
 Figure 3. Map of the location of the Palu earthquake
Mountain of Anak Krakatau On Saturday (12/22/2018) at 20.56 West Indonesia
Time, an eruption triggered an avalanche of slopes of 64 hectares, and at 21.03 West
Indonesia Time was recorded on the BMKG seismograph sensor in Cigeulis Pandeglang (CGJ)
and several sensors in the Banten and Lampung regions. (Figure 4). However, the BMKG
earthquake automatic processing system does not process automatically because the
recorded vibration signal is not a tectonic earthquake signal. The tsunami early warning
system currently owned by BMKG is only for tsunamis caused by tectonic earthquakes.
Whereas the tsunami that hit the Sunda Strait was due to volcanic activity so that when there
was volcanic activity on Mount Anak Krakatau, the tsunami early warning system was unable
to automatically process volcanic activity so it did not provide a 'warning' of the tsunami. Sea
level changes were recorded in several areas such as in Jambu Beach, Bulakan, Cinangka
Subdistrict, Serang Regency: the water level reached 0.9 m, in the port of Ciwandan,
Ciwandan District in Banten: with a height of 0.35 m, in Kota Agung Kec, Kota Agung, Lampung
with altitude of 0.36 m, and at the long harbor of Bandar Lampung City Kec: with a height of
0.28 m. the death toll from the Sunda Strait tsunami increased to 437 people. In addition to
the dead, 14,059 people were injured, 16 were missing, and 33,721 were displaced, 2,752
houses were damaged, 92 inns and stalls were damaged, 510 boats and ships were damaged,
and 147 vehicles were damaged.5
 Figure 4. Map of the location of the Sunda Strait Tsunami
When disaster hits, the humanitarian aid and disaster relief (HADR) team will
typically be called in to observe the physical results of the catastrophe and the major risk
factor for human casualties. These teams also investigate an outage risk, and individual or
family reaction to the manace. Ultimately, they will be involved in rescuing victims, providing
immediate needs, especially food, water and medical assistance, as well as more long-term
reconstruction exercises.
Handling of disaster victims is the responsibility of all sectors in the affected country,
so that in the initial handling or rapid reaction is needed when the initial disaster occurs. In
the Asia-Pacific region, including Indonesia, handling disaster victims is not
uncommon to rely on professionals in the security sector to become a disaster response rapid
response team, this team including Military and Police personnel in this case must move
quickly.8
For military organizations, HADR are categorized as military operations other than
war (MOOTW), operations require different sets of preparations because they are remarkably
diverse from the conventional insurgency warfare. The army will usually play a leadership role
in HADR operations in collaboration with other government and non-government agencies
such as the police, fire-fighting and medical units, the media, volunteer groups, etcetera.

Seeing the magnitude of the vulnerability of natural disasters in Indonesia, the Army
is obliged to actively seek approval. Natural Disaster Management Efforts are contained in
Law No. 34 of 2004 concerning the TNI. Article 7 paragraph (2) b point 12 mandates that the
TNI: "to help overcome natural problems, refugees and welfare assistance providers". This
article is part of the Military Operations Other than War (OMSP) task. The TNI is the most
effective, organized and mobile agency in the context of disaster management in the
sovereign territory of the Republic of Indonesia. However, the ability and strength of the TNI
AD both in terms of Human Resources (HR), defense equipment, Sarpras and software are
still limited. These conditions, if faced with the area, the form of Indonesia's national
resources has not been fully empowered to support the task of natural disaster
management.9
Health Battalion 1 / Kostrad abbreviated as YonKes 1 / Kostrad is a health battalion
under the command of the Kostrad 1 Infantry Division and also one of the battalions that is
the Task Force for the Rapid Response of the MNC Task Force (Satgas PRC PB) has the ability
to organize all forms of general treatment. Organizing surgical specialist treatment, internal
medicine, nerve and soul as well as teeth and mouth, organizing care of victims / patients for
a maximum of 14 days with a power of 50 TT, conducting land, water and air medical
evacuations along the evacuation chain Yonkes Divif 1 Kostrad, organizing Hygiene and
sanitation business the field, issued a part of the power in the unit, for units that were
assisted, organized a re-distribution of health supplies allocated to the Yonkes Divif 1 Kostrad.
Patola Battalion Health 1 Kostrad in Sanskrit which reads "YUDHA KRIDA HUSADA" means all
health efforts for troops on the battlefield, making every Yonkes soldier must be the Best,
Trained, Professional in the military and health field.10
Health Battalion 1 Kostrad is one of the Disaster Management Rapid Reaction Task
Force (Task Force PRC PB) owned by Indonesia. Every movement of this task force must be a
direct order from the President of the Republic of Indonesia through the TNI Commander.
Whenever there are disasters such as in Lombok, Palu and Banten, the Kostrad Health
Battalion 1 prepares within 30 minutes after being given orders ready to move to the disaster
location, starting from the preparation of personnel, material and logistics. Movement to the
disaster site was accommodated by using Hercules (Lombok and Palu) and Helicopter
(Banten) owned by the Air Force. At the disaster site a Field Hospital was established and the
preparation of parts of the Field Hospital such as the emergency room, inpatient care,
outpatient care and pharmacy was immediately carried out and ready to carry out health
services.