1.

Difference Between Urban Planning and Urban Design:-

Urban Planning Urban Design

Introduction Layout of Neighborhood,
cities and regions.
Fulfilling needs of Community
and economy.
Scale Whole Neighborhood,
Districts & cities.
Art of Making Places For People.
Human Interaction with
environment
Spaces Between Buildings:
Street, Park, Transit Stop.

Orientation Utility Aesthetic and Functional

Treatment Predominantly 2D 3D

of place
Time Frame Long Term (5-20 Years) Short Term(< 5 Years)

2. Forms of Planning :-
Most of town planning is managing the public infrastructure - sewer, water, roads,
parks, etc.
...
 Land-use planning.
 Resource Management Act (RMA) planning.
 Growth Management or Urban Development Strategies.
 spatial planning
3.Ribbon Development :-
Ribbon development is building houses along the routes of communications radiating
from a human settlement.
It has been observed that because of improvement of road surface and growth of motor traffic,
it is the natural tendency of everyone to build as near as possible to the main road. The building
activity therefore expands in a natural way along the side of main road and long fingers or
ribbons of houses, factories, shops, etc.

Disadvantages of Ribbon Development:-

1. As the houses extend in a long strip, there is increase in cost of various basic utility services
such as water supply, electricity, postal deliveries, telephone, etc. It thus results into wastage of
available resources.
2. The development of ribbons causes to loose and to scatter the community so that there is
lack of social life.
3. The future improvement becomes costly and difficult, if not impossible.
4. The houses face heavy traffic associated with noise, dust and undesirable smells.
5. The interior portion is left undeveloped which results in the wastage of valuable land.

4. Conurabation :-
A conurbation is an urban area which encompasses a number of cities or towns. There
are numerous examples of conurbations throughout the United Kingdom due to urban
sprawl. ... Often an urban area is a conurbation and a metropolis, as the larger it
becomes, the more cities become encompassed and amalgamate

In most cases, a conurbation is a polycentric urbanized area, in which transportation

has developed to link areas to create a single urban labour market or travel to work area.
The term "conurbation" was coined in 1915 by Patrick Geddes in his book Cities In
Evolution.

Conurbations are associated with a specific stage of urban development. Urban

centres that have poor contact with neighboring towns in their initial stage of growth may
later emerge as conurbations due to developments in industries, trade and transport
 5. Classes of Town :-
Classification of towns can be done on a number of basis and different countries and
organizations use different classification of towns. It can be on basis of income level,
education level, according to per capita income etc.

Classification of Towns as per census:-

1. All places with a municipality, corporation, cantonment board or notified town area
committee, etc.
2. All other places which satisfied the following criteria:

i. A minimum population of 5,000;

ii. At least 75 per cent of the male main working population engaged in non-
agricultural pursuits; and

iii. A density of population of at least 400 persons per sq. km.

The first category of urban units is known as Statutory Towns. These towns are
notified under law by the concerned State/UT Government and have local bodies like
municipal corporations, municipalities, municipal committees, etc., irrespective of their
demographic characteristics as reckoned on 31st December 2009. Examples: Vadodara
(M Corp.), Shimla (M Corp.) etc.

The second category of Towns (as in item 2 above) is known as Census Town. These
were identified on the basis of Census 2001 data.

The Census of India has classified towns into six categories on the basis of their
population:

I) Class 1 towns with more than 1, 00,000 population,

2) Class II towns with 50,000 to 99,999 population,

3) Class III towns with 20,000 to 49,999 population,

4) Class IV towns with 10,000 to 19,999 population,

5) Class V towns with 5000 to 9,999 population

6) Class VI towns with less than 5,000 population.

6. Hosing Density and Town Density:-

Housing density or residential density refers to the number of homes per unit of land.
It is typically reported indwelling units per acre (or du/ac). The typical single family
neighborhood in Los Angeles is about 5-8 houses per acre.

The term housing density is an urban planning term which may be defined as. …a
measure of the built or to-be built residential accommodation, being the number
of persons or dwellings situated on a unit of area, eg acre/hectare of a particular
site or district.

Town density :-
town density is a term used in urban planning and urban design to refer to the
number of people inhabiting a given urbanized area. As such it is to be
distinguished from other measures of population density. Urban density is
considered an important factor in understanding how cities function. Research
related to urban density occurs across diverse areas, including economics, health,
innovation, psychology and geography as well as sustainability.

7. Land use of City:-

Land use planning is a planning technique to improve the quality of life in urban
areas. This widely adopted technique is one of the most successful methods
followed today. According to these various socio-economic activities are allocated
space in a particular area, or in other words, areas are assigned specific activities
based on various parameters which will help in increasing overall efficiency of the
urban area. The major categories on the basis of activities include residential,
commercial, transportation, public, and semi-public use, government offices, etc.
This categorization is considered essential to keep a balance of different activities
taking place in an area.
8. Informal sector :-
Informal Sector includes all activities which are not officially recognized or
registered as normal income sources. They are not monitored by any form of
government and thus no taxes are paid on them unlike the formal sector. The
term is sometimes used to refer to that part of economy which includes illegal
activities, like earning income without paying tax on it, the black market, the
shadow economy, underground economy etc. However, the informal sector also
encompasses many other legal activities, such as job that are performed in
exchange for something other than money.
Informal sector plays an important role in terms of it capacity –

 to absorb labour
 provide a sizable amount of goods and services at inexpensive cost
 sustains a large proportion of urban population
 FORMS OF PLANNING -:
 LAND USE PLANNING -: Exercise in public policy that designates and
regulates the use of land.
 Outcome is a plan or document that outlines:
o Allocation and zoning of land based on the nature of use.
o Regulation measures for the intensity of use.
o Formulation of legal and administrative devices for supporting and
implementing the plan.

 PHYSICAL PLANNING -:
 It is the planning of an area’s physical structures or infrastructure e.g.
Communication and transportation facilities, municipal utilities etc.
 It is concentrated on local or regional level.
 It uses the land use plan as a framework for optimal development of
physical infrastructure in an area.

 ALLOCATIVE PLANNING -:
 It is a kind of regulatory planning.
 It is concerned with the resolution of conflicts through evolving policies to
ensure efficiency of an existing system •
 It is concerned with coordination among different components of a
system.

 IMPERATIVE PLANNING -:
 It is concerned with the implementation of planning or plans.
 It lays down general guidelines for implementation.
 It is advisory in nature.

 INDICATIVE PLANNING -:
 Also concerned with implementation of plans.
 It is more guided and involves specific directives.