Bibliography

HARDCOPY TEXTBOOKS

 A Profile in Courage’: The Newsline Editorials of Razia Bhatti 1989-1996. (Oxford

University Press, Pakistan), 2001.
 Nadine Strossen, ‘HATE: Why We Should Resist It with Free Speech, Not Censorship’
(Oxford University Press, USA), 2018.
 Vincenzo Zeno-Zencovich, ‘Freedom of Expression: A Critical and Comparative
Analysis’, (Routledge; 1 edition), 2008.
 Yasmeen Aftab Ali, ‘A Comparative Analysis of Media & Media Laws in Pakistan’,
(Sang-e-Meel Publications), 2012.
 Thomas L.Tedford & Dale A. Herbeck, ‘Freedom of Speech in the United States’
(Strata Pub Co; 5 edition), 2005.
 Cass R. Sunstein, ‘Democracy and the Problem of Free Speech’ (Free Press), 1995.
 Raphael Cohen Almagor, ‘Speech, Media and Ethics: The Limits of Free Expression’,
(Palgrave Macmillan; 2nd edition), 2005.
 DAJ Richards, ‘Free Speech and the Politics of Identity’, (OUP Oxford), 1999.
 DAJ Richards, ‘Toleration and the Constitution’, (Oxford University Press; New Ed
edition, 1989.
 Dario Milo, ‘Defamation and Freedom of Speech’, (OUP UK), 2007.
 Javed Jabbar & Qazi Faez Isa, ‘Mass Media Laws and Regulations in Pakistan – and a
commentary from a historical perspective’, (Asian Media Information and
Communication Centre (AMIC); First Edition edition), 1997.
 Rai Shakil Akhtar ‘Media, Religion and Politics in Pakistan’, (Oxford University
Press), 2001.
 Mass media in selected Muslim countries / editor Mohd. Yusof Hussain, (Kuala
Lumpur: International Islamic University Malaysia, 2nd Edition), 2008.
 Zamir Niazi, ‘Fettered Freedom’, (Pakistan Study Centre), 2005.
 Javed Jabbar, ‘Snapshots: Reflections in a Pakistani eye’, (Wajidalis), 1982.
 Muhammad Abrar, ‘Pakistani Media Law: A Comparative Study’, (Oxford University
Press; UK ed. Edition), 2016.
 Iqbal Mustafa, ‘Through the Columns’, (Lahore: Heritage Publications), 2006

 Riaz Ahmed Shaikh, ‘Strangling Liberty: Media in Distress in Pakistan, (frontpage

publications), 2013.
 Hector Bolitho, ‘Jinnah: Creator of Pakistan’, (Oxford University Press), 2006.
 Mazhar Ali Khan, ‘Pakistan: The First Twelve Years’ (Oxford University Press), 1996.
 Javed Jabbar, ‘The Global City: perspectives (1983-98) on how media and
communication have shaped our new living space’, (Royal Book Company), 1999.
 Zamir Niazi ‘The Web of Censorship’, (Karachi; New York : Oxford University Press),
1994.
  Talal Asad, Wendy Brown, Judith Butler & Saba Mahmood, ‘Is Critique Secular?
Blasphemy, Injury and Free Speech’ (University of California Press), 2009.
 Wojciech Sadurski, ‘Freedom of Speech and Its Limits’, (Springer; 1999 edition)
 Anthony Lewis, ‘Freedom for the Thought That We Hate: A Biography of the First
Amendment’(Basic Books; Reprint edition), 2010.
 Margaret A. Blanchard, ‘History of the Mass Media in the United States’, (Routledge;
1 edition), 1998.
 Carl Bertelsmann, ‘Television requires responsibility: international studies on the
structural factors ensuring responsible television, (Gütersloh, Germany: Bertelsmann
Foundation, c1995.)

 Stephen Nunns, ‘Acting Up: Free Speech, Pragmatism, and American Performance in
the late 20th Century’, (Lfb Scholarly Pub Llc), 2011.
 David Croteau and William Hoynes, ‘The Business of Media: Corporate Media and the
Public Interests’, (Pineforge Press; Second edition), 2005.
 Floyd Abrams, ‘The Soul of the First Amendment’ (Yale University Press; 1st edition),
2017.
 Edwin P. Rome and William H. Roberts, ‘Corporate and Commercial Free Speech:
First Amendment Protection of Expression in Business’, (Praeger), 1985.
 Thomas I. Emerson, ‘The System of Freedom of Expression’, (Random House), 1970.
 Anthony Smith, ‘Disinterested Bystanders: Reconciling Media Freedom and
Responsibility’, (John Stuart Mill Institute) 1996.
 Emily B. Laidlaw, ‘Regulating Speech in Cyberspace: Gatekeepers, Human Rights and
Corporate Responsibility’, (Cambridge University Press), 2015.
 Saqib Riaz, ‘Agenda Setting Role of Media in Pakistan: Exploring Media effects on
Society’ (LAP Lambert Academic Publishing), 2010.
 Fazal Qureshi, ‘Manual of Training for Journalists in Rural Areas’, (Pakistan Press
International), 1993.

ELECTRONIC TEXTBOOKS (BRITISH LIBRARY)

 ‘Free Speech in the New Media’, edited by Thomas Gibbons, (Routledge), 2017.
 Carl Fox and Joe Saunders, ‘Media Ethics, Free Speech, and the Requirements of
Democracy’, (Routledge), 2018.
 P.G. Ingram, ‘Censorship and Free Speech: Some Philosophical Bearings’,
(Routledge), 2019.
 Dale Jacquette, ‘Journalistic Ethics: Moral Responsibility in the Media’, (Routledge),
2016.
 Mark Tunick, ‘Balancing Privacy and Free Speech’: Unwanted attention in the age of
social media’, (Routledge), 2014.
 Nafisa Hoodbhoy, ‘Aboard the Democracy Train’, A Journey through Pakistan’s Last
Decade of Democracy’, (Anthem Press), 2011.
 Farhat Haq, ‘Sharia and the State in Pakistan: Blasphemy Politics’, (Routledge), 2019.
  Owen M. Fiss, ‘Liberalism Divided: Freedom of Speech and The Many Uses of State
Power’, (Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group), 2018.
 Matthew D. Bunker, ‘Critiquing Free Speech: First Amendment Theory and the
Challenge of Interdisciplinarity’, (Routledge), 2011.
 Nadeem Malik, ‘Corporate Social Responsibility and Development in Pakistan’,
(Routledge), 2014.
 Marisol Sandoval, ‘From corporate to social media: critical perspectives on corporate
social responsibility in media and communication industries’, (Routledge), 2014.
 Farooq Sulehria, ‘Media Imperialism in India and Pakistan’, (Routledge), 2017.

STATUTES AND CONVENTIONS

 United Nations Covenant on Civil and Political Rights of 1966.
 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR).
 Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
 Pakistan Public Safety Ordinance 1952
 Pakistan Television Company Act of 1964
 Merchandise Marks Act 1889
 Pakistan Penal Code
 Customs Act 1969
 PEMRA Ordinance 2002
 Cable TV Regulations 2002
 Broadcasting Regulations 2002
 1962 Copyright Ordinance (Amendment 2000)
 PEMRA (Amendment) Act 2007.
 PEMRA Rules 2010 (Council of Complaints)
 Section 499 of the Pakistani Penal Code.
 Defamation Ordinance of 2002
 Alien and Sedition Act of 1798

CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS

 Article 19 of the Constitution of Pakistan, 1973.

 18th Constitutional Amendment, 2010.
 Article 6 of the Constitution of Pakistan, 1973
 First Amendment to the United States Constitution.

.
CASE LAW
 Malik Mumtaz Qadri v the State, PLD 2016, SC 17.
 The State vs Pakistan Medical & Dental Council, Islamabad PLD 1990 Lahore
 Whitney v. California (1927)
 Stromberg v. California.
 Valentine v. Chrestensen,
 Pittsburgh Press Company v Pittsburgh Commission on Human Relations
 Central Hudson Gas and Electricity Corporation v. Public Service Commission
 Virginia State Board of Pharmacy v. Virginia Citizens Consumers Council
 Butler v. State of Michigan
 Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire
 Schenck v. United States (1919)
 Ali v Channel 5 Broadcast Ltd [2018]

REPORTS

 AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL, ‘A bullet has been chosen for you: Attacks on

Journalists in Pakistan’, 2014
 AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL, ‘Pakistan: journalists harassed for exposing
abuses’,1996.
 Media Matters for Democracy, ‘Surrendering to Silence: An Account of Self-
Censorship among Pakistani Journalists.
 Amnesty International, “As GOOD AS DEAD”: The Impact of the Blasphemy Laws
in Pakistan, 2016.
 Baig & Khan, ‘Expression Restricted, ‘An Account of Online Expression in Pakistan’,
APC Report 2015.

JOURNAL ARTICLES

 Shuja Nawaz, ‘The Mass Media and Development in Pakistan. Asian Survey, 23(8),
 Galliner, P (1989, February) New Threats in the Democracies, World Press Review.
 Fatiana, Wahab & Halim, ‘Reasonableness of restrictions on freedom of expression in
Pakistan’ International Research Journal of Social Sciences, Vol 7(6).
 Reinelt, ‘The Limits of Censorship’, Theatre Research International. 32(1).
INTERNET SOURCES
 Hannah Byam & Christopher Neu, ‘Covering and Countering extremism in Pakistan’s
developing media. United States Institute of Peace Brief, 2010
(https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/Covering_and_Countering_Extremism_in_Pa
kistan%E2%80%99s_Developing_Media.pdf)

 Pakistan Constitutional Law Website at (https://pakistanconstitutionlaw.com/article-

19-freedom-of-speech-etc/)

 UDHR Documents
(https://www.ohchr.org/EN/UDHR/Documents/UDHR_Translations/eng.pdf)

 Ayesha Tanzeem, ‘Pakistan’s Media Face Increased Crackdown on Free Speech’,

VOA(https://www.voanews.com/south-central-asia/pakistans-media-face-increased-
crackdown-free-speech)

 “Taseer’s remarks about the blasphemy laws”, The Express Tribune, 5 January 2011,
available at https://tribune.com.pk/story/99277/taseers-remarks-about-blasphemy-law/

 The Supreme Court of Pakistan judgement, Malik Mumtaz Qadri v. the State,
Criminal Appeals No.210 and 211 of 2015, p.26, available at
www.supremecourt.gov.pk/web/user_files/File/Crl.A._210_2015.pdf

 Malik Muhammad Ashraf, ‘Freedom of expression and its limits’, Pakistan Today.
(https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2018/05/02/freedom-of-expression-and-its-
limits/)

 Dr. Steve Foster, ‘Guest Post: The media, corporate responsibility and TV reality
shows’, Corporate Social Responsibility and Business Ethics Blog
(https://corporatesocialresponsibilityblog.com/2018/05/21/csr-and-reality-shows/)

 Dr. Iqtidar Cheema, ‘Freedom of Expression with Responsibility and

Limitations’(https://blogs.arynews.tv/freedom-expression-responsibility-limitations/)

 OCCRP, ‘Pakistani Government Criticized For Shutting Down Journalists’

(https://www.occrp.org/en/27-ccwatch/cc-watch-briefs/10337-pakistani-government-
criticized-for-shutting-down-journalists)

 See; New sector guidance launched for the Media industry 09 May 2012
(https://www.globalreporting.org/information/news-and-press-center/Pages/New-
sector-guidance-launched-for-the-Media-industry.aspx)

SEMINAR PAPER

 Corporate Social Responsibility: CSR and the Media (The Westminster Media Forum
Seminar Series Publication.