Basketball

History of Basketball
Fundamental Skills
Rules of the Games
Equipment Needed

BASKETBALL
A game played between two teams of five players each on a rectangular
court, usually indoors. Each team tries to score by tossing the ball through the
opponent’s goal, an elevated horizontal hoop and net called a basket..
HISTORY OF BASKETBALL
 Basketball was invented by Dr.
James Naismith in 1891 in
Springfield, Massachusetts.
 Dr. Naismith was a college professor
who wanted to create a game that his
physical education classes could play
inside during the long winters.
 The first games used peach baskets
nailed to the wall for rims.
 The first ball used was a soccer ball.
 In 1893, he replaced the peach basket
with iron hoops and a hammock-
style basket.

THE FIRST BALL

 The very first ball that was used was a soccer ball until
1840 when an actual “basketball” was invented.
 The basketball was slightly smaller, about thirty inches
in diameter.

THE BASKET

 The first baskets that were used were two peach baskets
that were hung from the balcony of the gym.
 By 1906, the peach baskets were replaced by metal
baskets with holes in the bottom.
 . In 1913, a hoop with a net was invented so the
basketball could fall freely to the ground.

Backboard

 In 1893, due to the overzealous spectators interfering with

the basketball, the backboard was invented. The first
backboard was constructed out of wire mesh, and then
 wood and now it is made out of glass so the backboard does not interfere with
the viewing of the game

The 13 Rules of Basketball

1. The ball may be thrown in any direction with one or both hands.

2. The ball may be batted in any direction with one or both hands, but never with
the fist.

3. A player cannot run with the ball. The player must throw it from the spot on
which he catches it, allowance to be made for a man running at good speed.

4. The ball must be held by the hands. The arms or body must not be used for
holding it.

5. No shouldering, holding, pushing, striking or tripping in any way of an

opponent. The first infringement of this rule by any person shall count as a foul;
the second shall disqualify him until the next goal is made or, if there was evident
intent to injure the person, for the whole of the game. No substitution shall be
allowed.

6. A foul is striking at the ball with the fist, violations of Rules 3 and 4 and such as
described in Rule 5.

7. If either side makes three consecutive fouls it shall count as a goal for the
opponents (consecutive means without the opponents in the meantime making a
foul).

8. A goal shall be made when the ball is thrown or batted from the grounds into the
basket and stays there, providing those defending the goal do no touch or disturb
the goal. If the ball rests on the edges, and the opponent moves the basket, it shall
count as a goal.

9. When the ball goes out of bounds, it shall be thrown into the field and played by
the first person touching it. In case of dispute the umpire shall throw it straight into
the field. The thrower-in is allowed five seconds. If he holds it longer, it shall go to
the opponent. If any side persists in delaying the game, the umpire shall call a foul
on them.

10. The umpire shall be the judge of the men and shall note the fouls and notify the
referee when three consecutive fouls have been made. He shall have power to
disqualify men according to Rule 5.

11. The referee shall be judge of the ball and shall decide when the ball is in play,
in bounds, to which side it belongs, and shall keep the time. He shall decide when a
goal has been made and keep account of the goals, with any other duties that are
usually performed by a referee.

12. The time shall be two fifteen-minute halves, with five minutes rest between.

13. The side making the most goals in that time shall be declared the winner.

Fundamental Skills
In basketball, there are 6 different fundamental skill areas that players
should concentrate on in training.

Dribbling

 Dribbling the basketball is done to move the ball around only when a passing
isn't a better option and a lane isn't available. Both new and experienced
players make the mistake of dribbling the ball when it isn't needed.
 Dribbling should be done when the player (you) have some purpose to forfill.
 Dribbling while looking for an offensive option is a good way to lose the ball.
 Regardless of how good you are at dribbling, the defense will always have a
greater chance for a steal if you are dribbling the ball instead of gripping it in
both hands.

Passing

 Passing is the number 1 option for moving the ball around the court on
offense.
 Passing is quicker than dribbling and so it is a deadly offensive tool for
reaching that open man so they can have the shot.

Shooting

 Shooting is probably the most practiced skill for new and experienced players.
 In practice all drills should be done at game speed and done as you would
under pressure.
 Practicing the wrong way to shoot is something that players do all the time yet
they do not understand why they miss all their jump shots during the game.

Rebounding

 Rebounding can come in two forms - offensive and defensive.

 To be good at rebounding you need skill and dedication.
 Skill is mainly the ability to position yourself and read the shots - something
that comes quickly with practice.
 Dedication is probably the most important factor in rebounding.
  The person who gets the ball is the one with the most hunger for the ball and
who is willing to do whatever it takes to get it.

Offense

 Offense is a fundamental which encompasses all aspects of the offensive

court.
 Supporting your team mates with screens and being able to locate the best
offensive option and get the ball to them are also essential things on offense.

Defense

 The best defensive teams in the NBA are often the ones that make it into the
playoffs.
 This is seen year after year so a simple conclusion can be made here - defense
is key to victory.
 Defense is not only about getting the steal or block but also about intimidation
of the opponents.

Basketball Rules
1. Fault Penalty – Each team can commit 4 absences by period (being it personal
lack). As of 5ª, all personal fouls made during that period entitle the free team to
free throw.

2. Accumulation of Fouls – A player cannot accumulate 5 fouls during the game.

If it does, he’s out of the game.

3. Fouls (Place) – Every time one made in the restrictive zone, the foul gives the
right to a free throw. If it is out, then the team restarts the ball in play on the
sideline at the place closest to where the foul was made (this if the team has not
already accumulated fouls in that period).

4. Steps and Dribble – After receiving the ball, the player can make two supports.
If when you receive it with one foot behind, you can rotate around that foot
without counting a support. After dribbling and holding the ball, he cannot dribble
again.

5. 3 seconds rule – A player may not remain for more than 3 seconds in the
opponent’s restrictive area when the team is in possession of the ball.

6. 5 seconds rule – The player in possession of the ball cannot keep it for more
than 5 seconds in the hands, being able to dribble indefinitely with it.

7. 8 seconds rule – The team with a can of ball has 8 seconds to get the ball to the
opposing half. After doing so you can not dribble back to your half or make a pass
there.
8. 24 seconds rule – The team that has possession of the ball has 24 seconds to
make a throw and the ball at least touches the rim of the basket.

Players & Equipment

 Each team is made up of 12 players with only 5 allowed on the court at any
time.
 The positions are broken up into Point Guard, Defensive Guard, Center,
Offensive forward and Defensive Forward.
 Each player will then take up a position on the court but are allowed to move
around as they please.
 The court is a rectangular shaped and measures 91 feet long and 50 feet wide.
There is a halfway line in which a small circle is found in the centre; this is
where the game starts with a tip off (the ball is thrown in the air by the referee
and a player from each team tries to win possession for their team).
 At each end of the court are two baskets both 10 feet in height.
 A three point arc is the outside ring, whilst in the middle of that is the key
which includes a free throw line.
 All that is needed to play is a court and basketball.
 Teams must wear matching strips with some players choosing to wear gum
shields and face masks for protection.
 The game is split up into 4 twelve minute quarters. In between the 2 nd and 3rd
quarter is a 15 minute half time interval.