UNIT 1: STEP 1 - TO MAKE THE COURSE RECOGNITION

WESTHLY JOSE SARABIA CARRILLO (1065837909)

TUTOR: EDUARDO GUZMAN

GRUPO: 203058_51

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA UNAD

Teoría Electromagnética y Ondas
Valledupar-Cesar
05/09/2018
 INTRODUCTION

We will cover the different means of transmission used in

telecommunications. And we will delve into the elecmagnetic specters
that exist, and their usefulness in medicine, as they contribute in
medical treatments among others.
We will study the electromagnetic waves, definition, how this
phenomenon works and its usefulness.
1. Define the following concepts:
- Electromagnetic wave: which are synchronized oscillations of
electric and magnetic fields that propagate at the speed of light through
a vacuum.
- Propagation speed: also called wave propagation speed or velocity
of propagation of a transmission medium is the ratio of the speed at
which a wavefront (of an electromagnetic signal, a radio signal, a light
pulse in an optical fibre or a change of the electrical voltage on a copper
wire) passes through the medium, to the speed of light in a vacuum.
- Wavelength: wavelength is a measure of distance between two
identical peaks (high points) or troughs (low points) in a wave a
repeating pattern of traveling energy like light or sound.
- Reflection and refraction: Reflection is the abrupt change in the
direction of propagation of a wave that strikes the boundary between
two different media.
- Electric permittivity and magnetic permeability: permittivity, also
called electric permittivity, is a constant of proportionality that exists
between electric displacement and electric field intensity.
Magnetic permeability, relative increase or decrease in the resultant
magnetic field inside a material compared with the magnetizing field in
which the given material is located; or the property of a material that is
equal to the magnetic flux density B established within the material by a
magnetizing field divided by the magnetic field strength H of the
magnetizing field.

2. Explain the importance to consider the “Skin Deep” (depth of

penetration) in medical treatments.

It is necessary, since some treatments require in some way or another

the penetration of the skin for the greater and quicker recovery of the
human body. Similarly, to measure the intensity and duration with
which the treatment will be carried out.
3. Make a graph that explains at least three modes of “terrestrial
propagation of electromagnetic waves”, including a brief
explanation of them.
There are three forms of terrestrial propagation of electromagnetic
waves: terrestrial waves, space waves and celestial or ionospheric
waves
Terrestrial waves: they are the waves that travel on the surface of the
earth. These waves must be vertically polarized, since a horizontally
polarized wave would be parallel to the surface of the earth and would
be shorted due to the conductivity of the ground.

Space waves and celestial: Space waves are all direct waves and
reflected in the ground.
Celestial or ionospheric waves: all waves that are directed above the
level of the horizon are called celestial waves.
4. Can the human tissue change its conductivity because a
disease? Explain.
The conductivity does not change but it does vary, because the human
body is made of 70% and this is what makes us drivers. Being sick has
a loss of water among other minerals, low conductivity, but is still
present.

5. Using the “electromagnetic spectrum”, select a frequency

used in medical treatment and explain how it is used and select
a frequency used in wireless transmission and explain its
application.
Microwaves belong to high frequency electrotherapy, more specifically to
the 2450 MHz frequency. The microwaves penetrate less than the short
wave and warm more the fatty tissue than the muscle, they are ideal to
apply in tissues that are very close to the skin, as in epicondylitis,
epitrocleitis, Achilles tendonitis and patellar, however they obtain a
therapeutic performance scarce at greater depths and especially when it
is necessary to cross more density of fatty tissue, as in hip bursitis.

One type of safe and viable transmission used in wireless would be the
microwave. Generally, to guarantee the privacy of the data, a frequency
of 4GHz at 6GHz or 21GHz at 23 GHz is used, while the speed is usually
1 megabit per second (Mbps) at 10 Mbps, this means of terrestrial
transmission.
 CONCLUSIONS

The electromagnetic spectra largely comprise daily living. The planet

earth has a large field of electromagnetic spectra, and taking advantage
of this, we can facilitate our daily life. There are microwaves, high
frequencies that are used in medical treatments, and in the transmission
of data over long distances.
The terrestrial propagation of electromagnetic waves, takes several
forms, characterizing, as reflective, direct and undulating, taking
advantage of this for its use.
 REFERENCES

- Chen, W. (2005). The Electrical Engineering Handbook. Boston:

Academic Press. 513-519. Retrieved from
http://bibliotecavirtual.unad.edu.co:2048/login?url=http://search.
ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=117152&la
ng=es&site=ehost-live&ebv=EB&ppid=pp_513

- Gutiérrez, W. (2017). Loss Tangent [Video]. Retrieved from

http://hdl.handle.net/10596/13139

- Quesada-Pérez, M., & Maroto-Centeno, J. A. (2014). From

Maxwell's Equations to Free and Guided Electromagnetic Waves:
An Introduction for First-year Undergraduates. New York: Nova
Science Publishers, Inc, 49-80 Retrieved from
http://bibliotecavirtual.unad.edu.co:2051/login.aspx?direct=true&
db=nlebk&AN=746851&lang=es&site=eds-
live&ebv=EB&ppid=pp_49

OTHER REFERENCES
- https://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/wavelength
- http://electron6.phys.utk.edu/optics421/modules/m1/reflection_a
nd_refraction.htm
- https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/permittivity-electric-
permittivity
- https://www.britannica.com/science/magnetic-permeability