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ETOOS Comprehensive Study Material

For JEE- Main & Advanced
 KINEMATICS

MECHANIC
The branch of physics in which motion and the forces causing motion are studies is called mechanics. As a first step
is studying mechanics, we describe the motion of particles and bodies in terms of space and time, without studying
the cause of motion. This part of mechanics is displacement, velocity and acceleration, then using the objects
moving under different conditions. The force causing motion will be discussed later in Dynamics. Mechanics is
classified under two stream namely statics and dynamics. Dynamics is further divided into kinematics and kinetics.

MECHANICS

Statics Dynamics
 Study of force and their   Study of force and their 
   
 effect on object at rest   effect on object in motion 

Kinematics Kinetics
 The word kinematics means 
 'Science of motion'. Branch   It is branch of mechanics which is 
   concerned about the cause (i.e. the 
 of mechanics which deal with   
 study of motion without going   force, torque) that cause motion of 
 into the cause of motion,   bodies. 
 
 i.e. force, torque etc. 

REST & MOTION

Motion is a combined property of the object and observer. There is no meaning of rest or motion without the
observer. Nothing is in absolute rest or in absolute motion.
An object is said to be in motion with respect to a observer. It may happen by both ways either observer moves or
object moves.
Motion is broadly classified into three categories
1. Rectilinear and translatory motion
2. Circular and rotatory motion
3. Oscillatory and vibratory motion

Type of Translation motion

A body in translation motion can move on either a straight -line path or curvilinear path.
1. Rectilinear motion
Translation motion on straight-line path is known as rectilinear translation. It is also known as one-dimensional
motion. A car running on a straight road, train running on a straight track and a ball throw vertically upward or
dropped from a height etc. are very common examples of rectilinear translation.

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 KINEMATICS

(C) Displacement :
The change in position vector of the particle for a given time interval is known as its displacement.
   
AB  r  r2  r1
(a) Displacement is a vector quantity and its SI unit is meter.
(b) It can decrease can be negative positive or zero.
(D) Distance :
The length of the actual path travelled by a particle during a given time interval is called as distance.
Distance = length of path ACB
(a) Its SI unit is meter and it is a scalar quantity
(b) It can never decrease with time.

ETOOS KEY POINTS

For a moving particle in a given interval of time :-

(i) Displacement can be +ve, –ve or o, but distance would be always +ve
(ii) Distance  Magnitude of displacement
(iii) Distance is always equal to displacement only and only if particle is moving along a straight line without any
change in direction.
Eg. Suppose a particle moves from position A to B as shown after travelling from A to B to C to D.
y

B 3m C
2m 2m
A D x
(1, 0)m (5,0)
 
Here Displacement S  AD  5iˆ  iˆ  4im
ˆ
 |displacement| = 4 m
Also distance covered,
  
l  AB  BC  CD  2  3  2  7m
(iv) Here |displacement| < Distance
(v) Magnitude of displacement would be equal to distance travelled if there is no change in direction during the whole
motion.
In general, |Displacement|  Distance

(E) Average Velocity (in an interval) :

The average velocity of a moving particle over a certain time interval is defined as the displacement by the lapsed
time.
displacement
Average Velocity =
time interval
for straight line motion, along x-axis, we have
x x f  xi
vav  v   v   
t t f  ti
The dimension of velocity is  LT 1  and its SI unit is m/s.
The average velocity is a vector can be taken care of by +ve and –ve sign of the quantity.

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 KINEMATICS

PROJECTILE :
Any object that is given an initial velocity obliquely, and that subsequently follow path determined by the net
constant force.
Examples of projectile motion :
1. A cricket ball hit by the batsman for a six
2. A bullet fired from a gun
3. A packet dropped from a plane; but the motion of the aeroplane itself is not projectile motion because there
are forces other than gravity on it due to the thrust of its engine.
Projectile Motion :-
1. The motion of projectile is known as projectile motion
2. It is the best example to understand motion in a plane. (Two dimensional motion)
3. If we project a particle obliquely from the surface of earth , as shown in the figure below, then it can be
considered as two perpendicular 1D motion one along the horizontal and other along the vertical.

Assumptions of projectile motion :

1. We shall consider only trajectories that are of sufficiently short range so that the gravitational force can
be considered constant in both magnitude and direction.
2. All effects of air resistance will be ignored.
3. Earth is assumed to be flat.

Note : Galleo`s Statement :-

Two perpendicular direction of motion are independent from each other. In other words any vector quantity directed
along a direction remains unaffected by a vector perpendicular to it.

Projectile thrown at an angle with Horizontal :

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PHYSICS FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED

PROJECTILE THROWN PARALLEL TO THE HORIZONTAL FROM SOME HEIGHT

Consider a projectile thrown from point O at some height h from the ground with a velocity u. Now we shall study
the characteristics of projectile motion by resolving the motion along horizontal and vertical directions.

Horizontal direction Vertical direction

(i) Initial velocity ux = u Initial velocity uy = 0
(ii) Acceleration ax = 0 Acceleration ay = g (downward)

Time of flight :
This is equal to the taken by the projectile to return to ground. From equation of motion
1
S  ut  at 2 , along vertical direction, we get
2
1
h  u y t  g  t2
2
1 2h
h = gt 2  t =
2 g

Horizontal range :
Distance covered by the projectile along the horizontal direction between the point of projection to the point on the
ground.
R  u x .t

2h
Ru
g

Velocity at a general point (x, y)

v  u x2  u y2
Here horizontal velocity of the projectile after time t
vx  u
velocity of projectile in vertical direction after time t
vy  0    g  t   gt  gt (downward)

 v  u2  g 2t 2 and tan   v y / v x

Velocity with which the projectile hits the ground :

Vx  u
Vy2  02  2 g  h 

Vy  2 gh

V  Vx2  Vy2  V  u 2  2 gh

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PHYSICS FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED

Introduction
A car rounds a curve. A satelite circles earth. Electrons revolve around the nucleus. Since they are not in straight
line, their velocites are changing either with direction or magnitude or with both i.e., they are accelerated. Newton`s
law tell us that force acts on each. which is this force and how it does. So, will be discussed in this chapter.
Kinematics of Circular motion
Circular motion is that kind of motion in which a particle moves on the circumference of a circle. A particle moves on
the circumference of a circle. Direction of velocity of the particle is always along the tangent to the circle and hence
change continuously. But the speed (magnitude of the velocity) of the particle may or may not change during the
motion.
If speed of a particle describing a circle is a constant, then it is said to be in uniform circular motion (abbreviated as
UCM).
If speed of the particle change then it is said to be in non-uniform circular motion.
motion of a giant wheel. It takes few minutes to pick its maximum speed and retain that speed for few minutes and
then slow down to come to a halt in the last few minutes. the wheel is in UCM in middle few minutes during which
it retains the constant pace of rotation and in the rest of the time it is non-uniform circular motion.
Variables of motion
(a) Angular position :
To decide the angular position of a point in space we need to specify.
(i) Origin (ii) Reference line

The angle made by the position. Vector w.r.t. origin, with the reference line is called angular position.
Clearly angular position dependes on the choice of the origin as well as the reference line.

Circular motion is a two dimensional motion or motion in a plane. Suppose a particle P is moving in a circle of radius
r and curve O. The angular position of the particle P at a given instant may be described by the angle  is called the
angular position of the particle.

(b) Angular Displacement:

Angle through which the position vector of the moving particle
rotates in a given time interval is called it angular displacement. An-
gular displacement depends on origin, but it does not
depends on the reference line. As the particle moves on the above
circle its angualr position changes. Suppose the point rotates through
an angle  in time t, then  is angular displacement.

Sign Convention:
Let us take anticlockwise direction positive and clockwise direction negative

+ –

Anticlockwise Clockwise direction

(Positive) (Negative)

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 KINEMATICS

Axis of Circle:
A line passing through the centre of the circle and perpendicular to the plane of the circle is known as axis.

ETOOS KEY POINTS

(i) Angular displacement is a dimensionless quantity. Its SI unit is radian, some other unit are degree and revolution.
2rad = 360o = 1 rev
(ii) Infinitesimally small angular displacement is a vector quantity, but finite angular displacement is a scalar, because
while the displacement the addition of the infinitesimally.
Small angular displacements is commutaive, addition of finite angular displacement is not.
   
d1  d 2  d 2  d1
But 1   2   2  1
(iii) Direction of small angualr displacement is decided by right hand thumb rule. When the fingers are directed along
the motion of the point then thumb will represent the direction of angular displacement.

(c) Angular Velocity ()

(i) Average Angular Velocity
Angular displacement  2  1  
av    av  
Total time taken t2  t1 t

Where 1 and 2 are angular position of the particle at time t1 and t2. Since angular displacement is a scalar, average
angular velocity is also a scalar.
(ii) Instataneous Angular Velocity:
It is the limit of average velocity as t approaches zero i.e.,
 
  d
  lim 
t  0  t dt
 
Since infinitesimally small angular displacement d is a vector quantity, instantaneous angualr velocity  is also
a vector, whose direction is given by rigth hand thumb rule.

Right hand thumb rule :

(a) (b)

If you curl the  points in the  points in the

fingers of your positive z-direction negative z-direction
right hand in the wz > 0 wz < 0
direction of z z
rotation
  y y
your right thumb x x
points in the
direction of  


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PHYSICS FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED

INTRODUCTION :
Motion of a body can be observed, when it changes its position with respect to some other body. In this sense,
motion is a relative concepts to analyze motion of a body say A, therefore we have to fix our reference frame to some
other body say B. The result obtained is motion of body A relative to body B.

(a) Motion is always relative, there is no such thing like absolute motion or absolute rest.
(b) Motion is always defined with respect to an observer or reference frame.

REFERENCE FRAME:
Reference frame is an axis system form which motion is observed along with a clock attached to the axis, to
measuring time, Reference frame can be stationary or moving.
Suppose there are two persons A and B sitting in a car moving at constant speed. Two stationary person C and D
observe them from the ground.

B A
D C

Here B appears to be moving for C and D, but at rest for A, similarly C appears to be at rest for D but moving
backward for A and B.

RELATIVE POSITION, RELATIVE VELOCITY AND RELATIVE ACCELERATION:

Let two bodies represented by particle A and B at positiondefined by
   
position vector rA and rB moving with velocities VA and VB and
 
acceleration a A and a B with respect to a reference frame S. For
analyzing motion of terrestrial bodies the reference frame S is fixed
with the ground.

Relative Position:

The vector rB/A denotes position vector of B relative to A
following triangle law of vector addition, we have
  
rB  rA  rB/ A .....(i)
  
rB/ A  rB  rA

Note: In general if position of A w.r.t. to origin is XA and that of B w.r.t. origin is XB then “Position of A w.r.t. B”
XAB is
XAB = XA – XB
XB XA
XA

Origin B A

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 KINEMATICS

Ex. See the figure (take +ve direction towards right and –ve towards left)
Find xBA , xCA , xCB , xAB and xAC .

Sol. Here, Position of B w.r.t. A is 4 m towards right . (xBA = +4m)

Position of C w.r.t. A is 10 m towards right . (xCA = +10m)
Position of C w.r.t. B is 6 m towards right (xCB = +6m)
Position of A w.r.t. B is 4 m towards left. (xAB = –4 m)
Position of A w.r.t. C is 10 m towards left. (xAC = –10m)

Relative Velocity:
 
First derivatives of rA and rB with respect to time equals to velocity of particle A and velocity of particle B relative

to frame S and first derivative of rB A with respect to time defines velocity of B relative to A

dx A
VA = velocity of A w.r.t. ground = dt

dx B
VB = velocity of B w.r.t. ground =
dt

drBA d  dr dr 
VBA = velocity of A w.r.t. B =   rB  rA    B  A 
dt dt  dt dt 
     
VB  VA  VB/A  VB/A  VB  VA

Notes :
 All velocities are relative & have no significance unless observer is specified, However when we say
“velocity of A”,what we mean, is velocity of A w.r.t. ground which is assumed to be at rest.
 Velocity of an object w.r.t. itself is always zero

Ex. An object A is moving with 5 m/s and B is moving with 20 m/s in the same direction. (Positive x-axis)
(i) Find velocity of B with respect to A.
(ii) Find velocity of A with respect to B

Sol. (i) vB = +20 m/s vA = +5 m/s vBA = vB – vA = +15 m/s

(ii) vB = +20 m/s, vA = +15 m/s ; vAB = vA – vB = – 15 m/s

Note : vBA = – vAB

Ex. Two objects A and B are moving towards each other with velocities 10 m/s and 12 m/s respectively as shown.
10m/s 12m/s

A B
(i) Find the velocity of A with respect to B.
(ii) Find the velocity of B with respect to A

Sol. vA = +10 , vB = – 12
(i) vAB = vA – vB = (10) – (–12) = 22 m/s.
(ii) vBA = vB – vA = (–12) – (10) = –22 m/s.

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 KINEMATICS

RECTILINEAR MOTION

1. Distance and Displacement

Total length of path (ACB) covered by the particle, in definite time interval is called distance. Displacement vector
or displacement is the minimum distance (AB) are directed from initial position to final position.
C

A B
2. Displacement in terms of position vector
  
From OAB  r  rB  rA
 
rB  x 2 ˆi  y 2 ˆj  z kˆ and rA  x1iˆ  y1ˆj  z1kˆ
2


 r   x 2  x1  ˆi   y 2  y1  ˆj   z 2  z1  kˆ


Displacement  r
3. Average velocity =  vav 
Time interval t

Distance travelled
4. Average speed =
Timeinterval
5. For uniform motion
Average speed = |average velocity| = |intantaneous velocity|


 dr d ˆ ˆ ˆ dx ˆ dy ˆ dz ˆ
6. Velocity v  
dt dt

xi  yj  zk 
dt
i
dt

j  k  v x ˆi  v y ˆj  vz kˆ
dt

total change in velocity  v
7. Average Acceleration =  a av 
total time taken t

8. Acceleration

 dv d dv dvy ˆ dvz ˆ
a 
dt dt
 
vx ˆi  vy ˆj  vz kˆ  x ˆi 
dt dt
j
dt
k  a x ˆi  a y ˆj  a z kˆ

9. Important points about 1D motion

(a) Distance  |displacement| and Average speed  | average velocity |
(b) If distance > | displacement | this implies
(i) atleast at one point in path, velocity is zero.
(ii) The body must have retarded during the motion
(c) Acceleration positive indicates velocity increases and speed may increase or decrease
(d) Speed increase if acceleration and velocity both are positive or negative (i.e. both have same sign)

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 KINEMATICS

PROJECTILE MOTION

1. Horizontal Motion
u cos = ux
ax = 0
x = uxt = (u cos)t

2. Vertical Motion
1 2 1
vy = uy – gt where uy = u sin ; y = uyt – gt = usint – gt 2
2 2

Net acceleration = a  a x iˆ  a y ˆj  gjˆ
At any instant : vx = ucos, vy = usin – gt

3. For projectile motion

A body crosses two points at same height in time t1 and t2 the point are at distance x and y from starting point then

(a) x + y = R
(b) t1 + t2 = T
(c) h = 1/2 gt1t2
(d) Average velocity from A to B is ucos
If a person can throw a ball to a maximum distance ‘x’ then the maximum height to which he can throw the ball will
be (x/2)

4. Velocity of particle at time t :


v  v x iˆ  v y ˆj  u x iˆ  u y – gt  ˆj  ucosˆi   u sin   gt  ˆj

If angle of velocity v from horizontal is , then

vy u y  gt u sin   gt gt
tan      tan  
vx ux u cos  u cos 
At highest point : vy = 0, vx = ucos
2u y 2u sin 
Time of flight : T  
g g

2u sin  cos  u 2 sin 2 2u x u y

Horizontal range : R = (ucos) T =  
g g g
It is same for  and (90o – ) and maximum for  = 45o

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 KINEMATICS

CIRCULAR MOTION

1. Definition of Circular Motion

When a particle moves in a plane such that its distance from a fixed (or moving) point remains constant then its
motion is called as circular motion with respect to that fixed point. That fixed point is called centre and the distance
is called radius of circular path.
Radius Vector :
The vector joining the centre of the circle and the center of the particle performing circular motion is called radius
vector. It has constant magnitude and variable direction. it is directed outwards.
Frequency (n) :
No. of revolutions described by particle per sec. is its frequency. Its unit is revolutions per second (r.p.s.) or
revolutions per minute (r.p.m.)
Time Period (T) :
1
It is time taken by particle to complete one revolution. T =
n

(a) Angle θ = arc length = s

radius r


(b) Average angular velocity  (a scalar quantity)
t

d
(c) Instantaneous angular velocity  (a vector quantity)
dt

2
(d) For uniform angular velocity   2πf or 2n
T
Angular displacement  = t
  Angular frequency n or f = frequency
v
(e) Relation between  and v 
r
(f) in vector form velocity   
v  r
  
 dv d   d    dr      
(g) Acceleration a   (  r )  r     r    v  at  ac
dt dt dt dt

dv
(h) Tangential acceleration : at   r
dt
     dv  
 at  component of a a along v  ( a.vˆ) vˆ   dt  vˆ 
   
v2 
(i) Centripetal acceleration : ac   v    2 r or ac   2 r (  rˆ)
r

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PHYSICS FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED

RELATIVE MOTION
There is no meaning of motion without reference or observer. If reference is not mentioned then we take the ground
as a reference of motion. Generally velocity or displacement of the particle w.r.t ground is called actual velocity or
actual displacement of the body. If we describe the motion of a particle w.r.t. and object whis is also moving w.r.t

ground then velocity of particle w.r.t ground is its actual velocity  vact  and velocity of particle w.r.t moving object
 
is its relative velocity  v rel.  and the velocity of moving object (w.r.t. ground) is the reference velocity  v ref .  then
  
v rel  vact  vref
  
vactual  v relative  vreference

1. Relative velocity of Rain w.r.t. the Moving Man

 
A man walking west with velocity v m , represented by OA . Let the rain be falling vertically downwards with
 
velocity v r , represented by OB as shown in figure.

Vertically up

A vm O – vm C
W E

vr
vrm

B D
   
The relative velocity of rain w.r.t. man v rm  vr  v m will be represented by diagonal OD of rectangle OBDC.

 v rm vr2  vm2  2vr vm cos 90o  v 2r  v2m

If  is the angle which v rm makes with the vertical direction then

BD v m v 
tan       tan 1  m 
OB v r  vr 

2. Swimming into the River

A man can swim with velocity v , i.e. it is the velocity of man w.r.t still water. If water is also flowing with velocity
   
v R then velocity of man relative to ground v m  v  vR
If the swimming is in the direction of flow of water or along the downstream then

v
vR vm = v + vR

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PHYSICS FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED

SOLVED EXAMPLES
Ex.1 At t = 0, a particle is at rest at origin. Its acceleration is 2 m/s2 for first 2 sec. and – 2 m/s2 for next 4 sec as shown in
a versus t graph.
Plot graph for
a
(i) Velocity versus time 2
m/s
(ii) speed versus time +2
(iii) Displacement versus time
t(s)
0 2 6
(iv) Distance versus time
–2
Sol. (i) V2 – V0 = Area of a Vs t graph for t = 0 to t = 2 sec (s)
V2 – 0 = 2 × 2  V2 = 4 m/s
Now V6 – V2 = – 2 × 4  V6 = – 4 m/s
(ii) Since slope of a Vs t graph from t = 2 to 6 sec. is constant, we can observe its speed i.e. magnitude of its velocity
is zero at = 4 sec. and after that magnitude of velocity increases in negative direction up to 4 m/s at the same rate.
(iii) Displacement (x) Vs t
x2 – x0 = area of v vs t graph for t = 0, t = 2 sec
1
x2 – 0 = (2) (4)  x2 = +4 m
2
1
x4 – x2 = (4) (2)  x4 = 8 m
2
1
also x6 – x4 = (– 4) (2) = – 4 m   x6 = + 4 m
2
(iv) Distance (d) vs t
1
d2 – d 0 = (2) (4)  d2 = 4m
2
1
d4 – d 2 = (2) (4)  d4 = 8m
2
1
Also d6 – d4 = (2)( 4) = 4  d = 12 m
2 6

Ex.2 A drunkard walking in a narrow lane takes 5 steps forward and 3 steps backward, followed again by 5 steps forward
and 3 steps backward, and so on. Each step is 1 m long and requires 1s. Plot the x-t graph of his motion. Determine
graphically or otherwise how long the drunkard takes to fall in a pit 9 m away from the start.
x

9 Pit

7
x (m)

5
4
2

5 8 13 16 21 t (sec)

Sol. From x-t graph time taken = 21 s

or
(5m – 3m) + (5m – 3m) + 5m = 9m  total steps = 21  time = 21 s

236
PHYSICS FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED

Exercise # 1 [Single Correct Choice Type Questions]

1. A particle moves in straight line in same direction for 20 seconds with velocity 3 m/s and then moves with velocity
4 m/s for another 20 sec and finally moves with velocity 5 m/s for next 20 seconds. What is the average velocity of the
particle?
(A) 3 m/s (B) 4 m/s (C) 5 m/s (D) Zero
2. A bird moves from point (1,  2, 3) to (4, 2, 3) . If the speed of the bird is 10 m/s, then the velocity vector of
the bird is :-


(A) 5 ˆi  2 ˆj  3 kˆ  
(B) 5 4 ˆi  2 ˆj  3 kˆ 
(C) 0.6 ˆi  0.8 ˆj (D) 6 ˆi  8 ˆj
3. A particle is moving in x–y–plane at 2 m/s along x–axis. 2 seconds later, its velocity is 4 m/s in a direction
making 60° with positive x–axis. Its average acceleration for this period of motion is:-
(A) 5 m/s2 , along y–axis (B) 3 m/s2, along y–axis
(C) 5 m/s2, along at 60° with positive x–axis (D) 3m/s2, at 60° with positive x–axis.

4. The coordinates of a moving particle at time t are given by x = ct2 and y = bt2. The speed of the particle is given by :–

(A) 2tc  b (B) 2 t c 2  b 2 (C) t c 2  b 2 (D) 2 t c 2  b 2

5. The velocity of a particle moving along x–axis is given as v = x2 – 5x + 4 (in m/s) where x denotes the
x–coordinate of the particle in metres. Find the magnitude of acceleration of the particle when the velocity
of particle is zero?
(A) 0 m/s2 (B) 2 m/s2 (C) 3 m/s2 (D) None of these
6. A, B, C and D are points in a vertical line such that AB = BC = CD. If a body falls from rest from A, then the times of
descend through AB, BC and CD are in the ratio :-
(A) 1 : 2 : 3 (B) 2 : 3 :1
(C) 3 :1: 2 (D) 1 : ( 2 – 1) : ( 3 – 2)

7. A body starts from rest and is uniformly accelerated for 30 s. The distance travelled in the first 10 s is x1,
next 10 s is x2 and the last 10 s is x3. Then x1 : x2 : x3 is the same as:-
(A) 1 : 2 : 4 (B) 1 : 2 : 5 (C) 1 : 3 : 5 (D) 1 : 3 : 9
8. A particle has an initial velocity of (3ˆi  4 ˆj) m/s and a constant acceleration of (4 ˆi  3 ˆj) m/s2. Its speed after one
second will be equal to :-
(A) 0 (B) 10 m/s (C) 5 2 m/s (D) 25 m/s
9. A particle is projected vertically upwards and it reaches the maximum height H in T seconds . The height
of the particle at any time t will be :-
1 g
(A) H  g(t  T)2 (B) g(t  T)2 (C) H  g(t  T)2 (D) (t  T)2
2 2
10. A particle is projected vertically upwards from a point A on the ground. It takes t1 time to reach a point B but it still
continues to move up. If it takes further t2 time to reach the ground from point B then height of point B from the
ground is :-
1 2 1 2 1
(A) g  t1  t 2  (B) gt1t2 (C) g  t1  t 2  (D) gt1 t 2
2 8 2

254
 KINEMATICS

Exercise # 2 Part # I [Multiple Correct Choice Type Questions]

1. A point moves in a straight line under the retardation av2. If the initial velocity is u, the distance covered
in 't' seconds is :-
1 1
(A) aut (B) n(aut) n(1+aut)
(C) (D) an(aut)
a a

2. A particle is moving in a plane with velocity given by u  u 0ˆi  (a  cos t)jˆ , where î and ˆj are unit vectors
along x and y axes respectively. If particle is at the origin at t = 0. Calculate the trajectory of the particle:-

 u0   x  1  u0  1  x 
(A) y  a sin   (B) y  a sin   (C) y  a . sin  x  (D) y  . sin  
x  u0  a  u0 
3. The relation between time t and distance x is t=x2+x where  and  are constants. The retardation is :-
(A) 2v3 (B) 2v2 (C) 2v2 (D) 22v3

4. A, B & C are three objects each moving with constant velocity . A's speed is 10 m/s in a direction

PQ . The velocity of B relative to A is 6 m/s at an angle of, cos 1 (15/24) to PQ . The velocity of

C relative to B is 12 m/s in a direction QP . Then the magnitude of the velocity of C is :-

(A) 5 m/s (B) 2 10 m/s (C) 3 m/s (D) 4 m/s

5. A particle is moving with uniform acceleration along a straight line . Its velocities at A & B are respectively
7 m/s & 17 m/s . M is mid point of AB . If t1 is the time taken to go from A to M and t2 the time taken to go from
t1
M to B, the ratio t is equal to :-
2
(A) 3 : 2 (B) 3 : 1 (C) 2 : 1 (D) 2 : 3
6. Two trains, which are moving along different tracks in opposite directions, are put on the same track due to
a mistake. Their drivers, on noticing the mistake, start slowing down the trains when the trains are 300 m
apart. Given graphs show their velocities as function of time as the trains slow down. The separation between
the trains when both have stopped,, is :-
v(m/s)
v(m/s)
40 8
t(s)
20
Train II
t(s) –20
Train I 10

(A) 120 m (B) 280 m (C) 60 m (D) 20 m

7. In the diagram shown, the displacement of particles is given as a function of time. The particle A is moving under
constant velocity of 9 m/s. The particle B is moving under variable acceleration. From time t = 0 s. to t = 6 s., the
average velocity of the particle B will be equal to :-

(A) 2.5 m/s (B) 4 m/s (C) 9 m/s (D) None

8. A person drops a stone from a building of height 20 m . At the same instant the front end of a truck passes
below the building moving with constant acceleration of 1 m/s 2 and velocity of 2 m/s at that instant.
Length of the truck if the stone just misses to hit its rear part is :-
(A) 6 m (B) 4 m (C) 5 m (D) 2 m

261
 KINEMATICS

Exercise # 3 Part # I [Matrix Match Type Questions]

Following question contains statements given in two columns, which have to be matched. The statements in
Column-I are labelled as A, B, C and D while the statements in Column-II are labelled as p, q, r and s. Any given
statement in Column-I can have correct matching with one or more statement(S) in Column-II.

1. Column I Column II
(A) Zero acceleration
p
(B) Infinite acceleration q
(C) Constant positive acceleration, r
s
with zero initial velocity
t v
(D) Constant positive acceleration,
with non–zero initial velocity
(E) Constant Negative acceleration u
(F) Increasing acceleration
(G) Decreasing acceleration time

2. The equation of one dimensional motion of the particle is described in column I. At t= 0, particle is at origin
and at rest. Match the column I with the statements in Column II.
Column I Column II
2
(A) x = (3t + 2)m (P) Velocity of particle at t = 1s is 8 m/s
(B) v = 8t m/s (Q) Particle moves with uniform acceleration
(C) a = 16 t (R) Particle moves with variable acceleration
(D) v = 6t – 3t 2 (S) Particle will change its direction some time.

3. For the velocity–time graph shown in figure, in a time interval from t = 0 to t = 6 s, match the following:

v
10

2 4 6
t

–10

Column I Column II
(A) Change in velocity (P) – 5/3 SI unit
(B) Average acceleration (Q) – 20 SI unit
(C) Total displacement (R) – 10 SI unit
(D) Acceleration at t=3s (S) – 5 SI unit

4. A balloon rises up with constant net acceleration of 10m/s2. After 2 s a particle drops from the balloon. After further
2 s match the following : (Take g = 10 m/s2)
Column I Column II
(A) Height of particle from ground (P) Zero
(B) Speed of particle (Q) 10 SI units
(C) Displacement of Particle (R) 40 SI units
(D) Acceleration of particle (S) 20 SI units

271
 KINEMATICS

Exercise # 4 [Subjective Type Questions]

x
1. The position–time (x–t) graphs for two children A and B returning from
their school O to their homes P and Q respectively are shown in fig. Q
Choose correct entries in the brackets below : P
(i) (A/B) lives closer to the school than (B/A)
(ii) (A/B) starts from the school earlier than (B/A) A
B
(iii) (A/B) walks faster than (B/A)
(iv) A and B reach home at the (same / different) time O t
(v) (A/B) overtakes (B/A) on the road (once/ twice).
2. For shown situation in which interval is the average speed greatest ? (Given each interval is of equal duration)

3. A particle is moving along x – axis with acceleration a = a0 (1 – t/T) where a0 and T are constants. The particle at
t = 0 has zero velocity. Calculate the average velocity between t = 0 and the instant when a = 0.
4. A lift accelerates downwards from rest at rate of 2 m/s 2 , starting 100 m above the ground. After
3 sec, an object falls out of the lift. Which will reach the ground first ? What is the time interval between
their striking the ground ?
5. A body moving with uniform acceleration, covers a distance of 20 m in the 7th second and 24 m in the 9th second.
How much shall it cover in 15th second ?
6. A driver travelling at speed 36 kmh –1 sees the light turn red at the intersection. If his reaction time is 0.6s, and then
the car can deaccelerate at 4ms–2. Find the stopping distance of the car.
7. A train, travelling at 20 km/hr is approaching a platform. A bird is sitting on a pole on the platform. When the train
is at a distance of 2 km from pole, brakes are applied which produce a uniform deceleration in it. At that instant
the bird flies towards the train at 60 km/hr and after touching the nearest point on the train flies back to the pole
and then flies towards the train and continues repeating itself. Calculate how much distance will the bird have flown
before the train stops ?
8. A parachutist after bailing out falls 52 m without friction . When the parachute opens, she decelerates at
2.1 ms2 & reaches the ground with a speed of 2.9 ms1 .
(i) How long has been the parachutist in the air ? (ii) At what height did the fall begin ?
9. A ball is thrown vertically upwards with a velocity of 20 ms–1 from the top of a tower. The height of the tower is
25 m from the ground.
(i) How high will the ball rise ?
–2
(ii) How long will it be before the ball hits the ground ? (Take g = 10 ms )
10. A particle starts motion from rest and moves along a straight line. Its acceleration–time graph is shown. Find out
speed of particle at t = 2s and at t = 3s.

277
PHYSICS FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED

Exercise # 5 Part # I [Previous Year Questions] [AIEEE/JEE-MAIN]

1. A ball whose kinetic energy is E, is projected at an angle of 45° to the horizontal. The kinetic energy of the ball at
the highest point of its flight will be- [AIEEE - 2002]
(1) E (2) E/ 2 (3) E/2 (4) zero
2. A boy playing on the roof of a 10 m high building throws a ball with a speed of 10 m/s at an angle of 30° with the
horizontal. How far from the throwing point will the ball be at the height of 10 m from the ground ?
[g = 10 m/s2, sin30° = 1/2, cos 30° = 3 /2] [AIEEE - 2003]
(1) 5.20 m (2) 4.33 m (3) 2.60 m (4) 8.66 m

3. A ball is thrown from a point with a speed v0 at an angle of projection . From the same point and at the same
v0
instant, a person starts running with a constant speed to catch the ball. Will the person be able to catch the
2
ball ? If yes, what should be the angle of projection ? [AIEEE - 2004]
(1) Yes, 60° (2) Yes, 30° (3) No (4) Yes, 45°

4. A projectile can have the same range R for two angles of projection. If t1 and t2 be the times of flights in the two
cases, then the product of the two times of flights is proportional to- [AIEEE - 2005]

1 1
(1) R2 (2) 2 (3) (4) R
R R
5. A particle is projected at 60° to the horizontal with a kinetic energy K. The kinetic energy at the highest point is-
[AIEEE - 2007]
(1) K (2) zero (3) K/4 (4) K/2

A particle is moving with velocity v = K(y i + x j ), where K is a constant. The general equation for its path

6.
is: [AIEEE - 2010]
(1) y2 = x2 + constant (2) y = x2 + constant
(3) y2 = x + constant (4) xy = constant

7. A water fountain on the ground sprinkles water all around it. If the speed of water coming out of the fountain
is v, the total area around the fountain that gets wet is :- [AIEEE - 2011]

 v4 v2 v2 v4
(1) (2)  (3)  (4) 
2 g2 g2 g g2

8. A boy can throw a stone up to a maximum height of 10 m. The maximum horizontal distance that the boy can throw
the same stone up to will be :- [AIEEE - 2012]

(1) 20 m (2) 20 2 m (3) 10 m (4) 10 2 m

9.  A projectile is given an initial velocity of ˆi  2 ˆj m/s, where î is along the ground and ĵ is along the vertical.
If g = 10 m/s2, the equation of its trajectory is : [JEE (Main) - 2013]
(1) y = x – 5x2 (2) y = 2x – 5x2 (3) 4y = 2x – 5x2 (4) 4y = 2x – 25x2

282
 KINEMATICS

SECTION - I : STRAIGHT OBJECTIVE TYPE

1. A hall has the dimensions 10 m × 10 m × 10 m. A fly starting at one corner ends up at diagonally opposite corner. The
magnitude of its displacement is :

(A) 5 3 m (B) 10 3 m (C) 20 3 m (D) 30 3 m

2. A body starts from rest and is uniformly accelerated for 30 s. The distance travelled in the first 10 s is x1, next 10 s is
x2 and the last 10 s is x3. Then x1 : x2 : x3 is the same as :
(A) 1 : 1 : 1 (B) 1 : 2 : 4 (C) 1 : 3 : 5 (D)2 : 3 : 5

3. A ball is dropped from the top of a building. The ball takes 0.5 s to fall past the 3 m length of a window some distance
from the top of the building. If the velocities of the ball at the top and at the bottom of the window are vT and vB
respectively, then (take g = 10 m/s2) :
vB
(A) vT + vB = 12 ms–1 (B) vT – vB = 4.9 m s–1 (C) vBvT = 1 ms–1 (D) = 1 ms–1
vT

4. Two trains, which are moving along different tracks in opposite directions, are put on the same track due to
a mistake. Their drivers, on noticing the mistake, start slowing down the trains when the trains are 300 m
apart. Graphs given below show their velocities as function of time as the trains slow down. The separation
between the trains when both have stopped, is :
(A) 120 m (B) 280 m (C) 60 m (D) 20 m.

5. A stone is projected vertically upwards at t = 0 second. The net displacement of stone is zero in time interval
between t = 0 second to t = T seconds. Pick up the incorrect statement :
T 3T
(A) From time t = second to t = second, the average velocity is zero.
4 4
T T
(B) The change in velocity from time t = 0 to t = second is same as change in velocity from t = second to
4 8
3T
t= second
8
T T
(C) The distance travelled from t = 0 to t = second is larger than distance travelled from t = second to
4 4
3T
t= second
4
T 3T T
(D) The distance travelled from t = second to t = second is half the distance travelled from t = second
2 4 2
to t = T second.
6. A point moves in a straight line under the retardation av 2. If the initial velocity is u , the distance covered in
' t ' seconds is:

1 1
(A) a u t (B) n (a u t) (C) n (1 + a u t) (D) a n (a u t)
a a
7. A particle is thrown upwards from ground . It experiences a constant resistance force which can produce retardation
of 2 m/s2 . The ratio of time of ascent to the time of descent is : [ g = 10 m/s2 ]

2 2 3
(A) 1 : 1 (B) (C) (D)
3 3 2

287
PHYSICS FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED

SECTION - I : STRAIGHT OBJECTIVE TYPE

1. A body is thrown horizontally with a velocity 2gh from the top of a tower of height h. It strikes the level ground
through the foot of the tower at a distance x from the tower. The value of x is:
h 2h
(A) h (B) (C) 2h (D)
2 3
5
2. It was calculated that a shell when fired from a gun with a certain velocity and at an angle of elevation rad
36
should strike a given target. In actual practice, it was found that a hill just prevented the trajectory. At what angle of
elevation should the gun be fired to hit the target?
5 11 7 13
(A) rad (B) rad (C) rad (D) rad.
36 36 36 36

3. A ball is projected horizontally with a speed v from the top of a plane inclined at an angle 45º with the horizontal. How
far from the point of projection will the ball strike the plane?

v2 v2 2v 2  2v 2 
(A)
g
(B) 2 g (C)
g
(D) 2  g 
 

4. Consider a boy on a trolley who throws a ball with speed 20 m/s at an angle 37° with respect to trolley in
direction of motion of trolley which moves horizontally with speed 10 m/s then what will be maximum distance
travelled by ball parallel to road :
(A) 20.2 m (B) 12 m (C) 31.2 m (D) 62.4 m

5. A particle is projected up the inclined plane such that its component of velocity along the incline is 10 m/s. Time of
flight is 2 sec and maximum height above the incline is 5 m. Then velocity of projection will be :
(A) 10 m/s (B) 10 2 m/s (C) 5 5 m/s (D) none

6. Two men A and B, A standing on the extended floor nearby a building and B is standing on the roof of the building.
Both throw a stone each towards each other. Then which of the following will be correct:
(A) stone will hit A, but not B
(B) stone will hit B, but not A
(C) stone will not hit either of them, but will collide with each other
(D) none of these.
7. A particle P is projected from a point on the surface of smooth inclined plane (see figure). Simultaneously another
particle Q is released on the smooth inclined plane from the same position. P and Q collide on the inclined plane after
t = 4 second. The speed of projection of P is : (in m/s)

P
Q

60°
/////////////////////////////////////////

(A) 5 m/s (B) 10 m/s (C) 15 m/s (D) 20 m/s

294
 KINEMATICS

SECTION - I : STRAIGHT OBJECTIVE TYPE

1. A small bead of mass m = 1 kg is carried by a circular hoop having centre at C and

radius r = 1 m which rotates about a fixed vertical axis (as shown). The coefficient
of friction between bead and hoop is µ = 0.5. The maximum angular speed of the
hoop for which the bead does not have relative motion with respect
to hoop: initial position of bead is shown in figure C
45°
 
(A) 5 2
1/ 2
 
(B) 10 2
1/ 2

(C) 15 2  (D ) 30 2 

1/ 2 1/ 2

2. A particle initially at rest starts moving from point A on the surface of a

fixed smooth hemisphere of radius r as shown. The particle looses its
contact with hemisphere at point B. C is centre of the hemisphere. The
equation relating  and  is :
(A) 3 sin  = 2 cos  (B) 2 sin  = 3 cos 
(C) 3 sin  = 2 cos  (D) 2 sin  = 3 cos 

3. The member OA rotates about a horizontal axis through O with a constant

counter clockwise velocity  = 3 rad/sec. As it passes the position  = 0,
a sm a l l m a ss m i s pl a ced upon i t at a ra di a l di st an ce
r= 0.5 m. If the mass is observed to slip at  = 37º, the coefficient of
friction between the mass & the member is ______.

3 9
(A) (B)
16 16

4 5
(C) (D)
9 9

4. Two particles A & B separated by a distance 2 R are moving counter clockwise along the same circular path
of radius R each with uniform speed v. At time t = 0, A is given a tangential acceleration of magnitude a
72 v 2
= .
25  R
6R
(A) the time lapse for the two bodies to collide is
5V
11
(B) the angle covered by A is
6
11 V
(C) angular velocity of A is
5R
289 v 2
(D) radial acceleration of A is
5R

301
 KINEMATICS

SECTION - I : STRAIGHT OBJECTIVE TYPE

1. A train is standing on a platform , a man inside a compartment of a train drops a stone . At the same instant train starts
to move with constant acceleration . The path of the particle as seen by the person who drops the stone is :
(A) parabola
(B) straight line for sometime & parabola for the remaining time
(C) straight line
(D) variable path that cannot be defined

2. A man wearing a hat of extended length 12 cm is running in rain falling vertically downwards with speed 10 m/s. The
maximum speed with which man can run, so that rain drops does not fall on his face (the length of his face below the
extended part of the hat is 16 cm) will be :
(A) 7.5 m/s (B) 13.33 m/s (C) 10 m/s (D) zero

3. A car starts with constant acceleration a = 2m/s 2 at t = 0. Two coins are released from the car at
t = 3 & t = 4. Each coin takes 1 second to fall on ground. Then the distance between the two coins will be : (Assume
coin sticks to the ground)
(A) 9 m (B) 7 m (C) 15 m (D) 2m

4. A man crosses the river perpendicular to river flow in time t seconds and travels an equal distance down the stream
in T seconds. The ratio of man's speed in still water to the speed of river water will be :

t2  T2 T2  t2 t2  T2 T2  t2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
t2  T2 T2  t2 t2  T2 T2  t2

5. A swimmer crosses the river along the line making an angle of 45º with the direction of flow. Velocity of the river is
5 m/s. Swimmer takes 6 seconds to cross the river of width 60 m. The velocity of the swimmer with respect to water
will be:

(A) 10 m/s (B) 12 m/s (C) 5 5 m/s (D) 10 2 m/s

6. Two men P & Q are standing at corners A & B of square ABCD of side 8 m. They start moving along the track
with constant speed 2 m/s and 10 m/s respectively. The time when they will meet for the first time, is equal to:
10m/s
(A) 2 sec B Q C
(B) 3 sec
2m/s
(C) 1 sec
(D) 6 sec A D
P
7. A man in a balloon, throws a stone downwards with a speed of 5 m/s with respect to balloon . The balloon is moving
upwards with a constant acceleration of 5 m/s2. Then velocity of the stone relative to the man after 2 second is :

(A) 10 m/s (B) 30 m/s (C) 15 m/s (D) 35 m/s

311
 11th Class Modules Chapter Details

Physics Chemistry Mathematics

5 5 5
Modules Modules Modules

PHYSICS CHEMISTRY MATHEMATICS

Module-1 Module-1(PC) Module-1

1. Physical World and Units 1. Mole Concept 1. Basic Maths and Logarithm
& Dimensions 2. Atomic Structure 2. Quadratic Equation
2. Basic Maths & Vector 3. Chemical Bonding 3. Sequence and Series
3. Kinematics 4. Gaseous State
Module-2
Module-2 Module-2(PC) 1. Trigonometric Ratio and
1. Thermodynamics Identities
1. Newton’s Law of Motion 2. Trigonometric Equation
& Friction 2. Thermochemistry
3. Chemical Equilibrium 3. Properties & Solution
2. Work, Energy & Power of Triangle
4. Ionic Equilibrium
Module-3 Module-3
Module-3(IC)
1. Centre of Mass & Collisions 1. Periodic Table & Its Properties 1. Permutation & Combination
2. Rotational Motion 2. Redox Reaction & Equivalent 2. Binomial Theorum
3. Gravitation Concepts 3. Complex Number
3. Hydrogen & Its Components
Module-4 4. S-Block Module-4
1. Straight Line
1. Mechanical Properties 2. Circle
of Matter Module-4(OC)
1. Nomenclature of 3. Conic Section
2. Thermal Properties of Matter (Parabola,Ellipse & Hyperbola)
Organic Compounds
Module-5 2. Isomerism
3. General Organic Chemistry Module-5
1. Simple Harmonic Motion 1. Mathematical Induction
2. Wave Motion Module-5(OC) 2. Mathematical Reasoning
3. Measurement Error 1. Reaction Mechanism 3. Statistics
& Experiment 2. Hydrocarbon
3. Aromatic Hydrocarbon
4. Environmental Chemistry

To purchase the books, go through the link below-

http://www.etoosindia.com/smartmall/bookList.do
 12th Class Modules Chapter Details

Physics Chemistry Mathematics

5 5 5
Modules Modules Modules

PHYSICS CHEMISTRY MATHEMATICS

Module-1 Module-1(PC) Module-1

1. Solid State 1. Sets & Relation
1. Electrostatics
2. Solutions and 2. Function
2. Capacitance
Colligative Properties 3. Inverse Trigonometric Function
3. Electro Chemistry 4. Probability
Module-2
1. Current Electricity Module-2(PC) Module-2
2. Magnetic Effect of Current 1. Chemical Kinetics and
and Magnetism Nuclear Chemistry 1. Limit
2. Surface Chemistry 2. Continuity
Module-3 3. Differentiability
Module-3(IC) 4. Method of Differentiation
1. Electromagnetic Induction
2. Alternating Current 1. Metallurgy
2. P- Block Module-3
Module-4 3. Transition Elements 1. Indefinite Integration
(d & f block) 2. Definite Integration
1. Geometrical Optics 4. Co-ordination Compound 3. Area Under the Curve
2. Wave Optics 5. Salt Analysis & Qualitative
Analysis Module-4
Module-5
Module-4(OC) 1. Application of Derivative
1. Modern Physics
1. Alkyl Halides & Aryl Halides 2. Matrix
2. Nuclear Physics
2. Alcohol, Phenol & Ether 3. Determinant
3. Solids & Semiconductor
Devices 3. Carbonyl Compound
Module-5
4. Electromagnetic Waves
5. Principle of Communication Module-5(OC) 1. Differential Equation
1. Carboxylic Acid & Their 2. Vector & 3-Dimensional
Derivatives
2. Biomolecules & Polymers
3. Chemistry in Everyday Life

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